---
title: "長阿含經 · 24 堅固經"
description: "長阿含經是佛教原始經典四阿含之一，由後秦時期譯師佛陀耶舍與竺佛念共同譯出。該經成書於公元前1世紀左右，屬早期佛教根本聖典，記載了佛陀與弟子們的言行教法。全經共30卷，分為四分，主要內容包括佛陀生平、教義闡述、修行方法及宇宙觀等，系統性保存了原始佛教的基本教理。作為漢傳佛教重要典籍，長阿含經被視為研究原始佛教思想的核心文獻，在佛教經典體系中具有不可替代的權威地位，對後世佛教發展影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm95s9nr004bdjz0u1makoktb"
---

## 佛說長阿含經卷第十六

> The Buddha's Long Discourses, Volume 16

後秦弘始年佛陀耶舍共竺佛念譯

> Translated by Buddhayaśas and Zhu Fonian during the Later Qin Dynasty, Hongshi Era.

### （二四）第三分堅固經第五

> (24) The Third Discourse: The Discourse on Firmness, Part Five

如是我聞：

> This is what I heard:

一時，佛在那難陀城波婆利掩次林中，與大比丘眾千二百五十人俱。

> Once, the Buddha was staying in the city of Nalanda, in the Pāvārika Mango Grove, together with a great assembly of twelve hundred and fifty monks.

爾時，有長者子，名曰堅固，來詣佛所，頭面禮足，在一面坐。時，堅固長者子白佛言：「善哉！世尊！唯願今者勑諸比丘：『若有婆羅門、長者子、居士來，當為現神足顯上人法。』」

> At that time, there was a householder’s son named Firm Faith, who came to the Buddha, bowed with his head at the Buddha’s feet, and sat to one side. Then Firm Faith addressed the Buddha, saying: “Excellent, Blessed One! I wish that you would now instruct the bhikkhus: ‘Whenever brahmins, householder’s sons, or lay followers come, you should manifest supernormal powers and demonstrate the supreme qualities of the noble ones.’”

佛告堅固：「我終不教諸比丘為婆羅門、長者、居士而現神足上人法也。我但教弟子於空閑處靜默思道，若有功德，當自覆藏，若有過失，當自發露。」

> The Buddha said to Firm Faith, "I will never instruct the monks to display supernatural powers or superior attainments to brahmins, elders, or householders. I only teach my disciples to dwell in solitude, to reflect on the path in stillness and silence. If they have any merit, they should conceal it; if they have any fault, they should openly confess it."

時，堅固長者子復白佛言：「唯願世尊勑諸比丘：『若有婆羅門、長者、居士來，當為現神足，顯上人法。』」

> At that time, the elder's son Firm Faith again addressed the Buddha, saying: "I beseech you, World-Honored One, to instruct the bhikkhus: 'When brahmins, elders, or lay devotees come, you should manifest spiritual powers and demonstrate the superior qualities of the enlightened.'"

佛復告堅固：「我終不教諸比丘為婆羅門、長者、居士而現神足上人法也。我但教弟子於空閑處靜默思道，若有功德，當自覆藏，若有過失，當自發露。」

> The Buddha further addressed Firm Faith: "I would never instruct the monks to display supernatural powers or superior attainments before brahmins, elders, or householders. I only teach my disciples to retire to quiet places, to meditate in silence and contemplate the Way. If they have any virtue, they should conceal it; if they have any fault, they should openly confess it."

時，堅固長者子白佛言：「我於上人法無有疑也。但此那難陀城國土豐樂，人民熾盛，若於中現神足者，多所饒益，佛及大眾善弘道化。」

> At that time, the elder's son Firm Faith addressed the Buddha, saying: "I have no doubt about the superior qualities of the holy ones. However, this city of Nālandā is prosperous and joyful, its people are flourishing and abundant. If a display of spiritual power were manifested here, it would greatly benefit many. It would allow the Buddha and the great assembly to skillfully spread the teachings and guide beings."

佛復告堅固：「我終不教比丘為婆羅門、長者子、居士而現神足上人法也。我但教弟子於空閑處靜默思道，若有功德，當自覆藏，若有過失，當自發露。所以者何？有三神足。云何為三？一曰神足，二曰觀察他心，三曰教誡。云何為神足？長者子！比丘習無量神足，能以一身變成無數，以無數身還合為一，若遠若近，山河石壁，自在無礙，猶如行空；於虛空中結加趺坐，猶如飛鳥；出入大地，猶如在水；若行水上；猶如履地；身出烟火，如大火聚，手捫日月，立至梵天。若有得信長者、居士見此比丘現無量神足，立至梵天，當復詣餘未得信長者、居士所，而告之言：『我見比丘現無量神足，立至梵天。』彼長者、居士未得信者，語得信者言：『我聞有瞿羅呪，能現如是無量神變，乃至立至梵天。』」

> The Buddha further addressed Firm Faith: "I would never instruct a monk to display supernormal powers or superior attainments before brahmins, elders' sons, or householders. I only teach disciples to dwell in secluded places, in quiet contemplation of the Way. If they have virtues, they should conceal them; if they have faults, they should confess them openly. Why is this? There are three kinds of spiritual powers. What are the three? The first is the power of supernormal abilities, the second is the power of reading others' minds, and the third is the power of instruction. What is the power of supernormal abilities? Elder's son, a monk cultivates immeasurable supernormal powers: he can transform one body into countless bodies, and gather countless bodies back into one. Whether far or near, through mountains, rivers, and stone walls, he moves freely without obstruction, as if walking through empty space. He can sit cross-legged in the sky, like a flying bird. He can enter and emerge from the earth as if it were water, and walk upon water as if it were land. His body can emit smoke and fire, like a great blaze. He can touch the sun and moon with his hand, and stand even in the Brahma Heaven. If faithful elders or householders see a monk display such immeasurable supernormal powers, standing in the Brahma Heaven, they may go to other elders or householders who lack faith and tell them, 'I have seen a monk display immeasurable supernormal powers; he stood in the Brahma Heaven.' Those elders or householders without faith may then say to the faithful ones, 'I have heard there is a \*gula\* spell that can produce such immeasurable miraculous transformations, even to the point of standing in the Brahma Heaven.'"

佛復告長者子堅固：「彼不信者，有如此言，豈非毀謗言耶？」

> The Buddha then said to the youth Firmness, "When those who do not believe speak in this way, is that not slanderous speech?"

堅固白佛言：「此實是毀謗言也。」

> The Venerable Jiangu replied to the Buddha, "This is truly slanderous speech."

佛言：「我以是故，不勑諸比丘現神變化，但教弟子於空閑處靜默思道，若有功德，當自覆藏，若有過失，當自發露。如是，長者！此即是我諸比丘所現神足。

> The Buddha said, "This is precisely why I do not command the monks to perform miraculous transformations. Instead, I teach my disciples to retire to quiet places, to meditate in stillness, and to contemplate the Way. If they have any virtue, they should conceal it; if they have any fault, they should confess it openly. So, Elder, this—this is the true spiritual power manifested by my monks."

「云何名觀察他心神足？於是，比丘現無量觀察神足，觀諸眾生心所念法，隈屏所為皆能識知。若有得信長者、居士，見比丘現無量觀察神足，觀他眾生心所念法，隈屏所為皆悉識知，便詣餘未得信長者、居士所，而告之曰：『我見比丘現無量觀察神足，觀他眾生心所念法，隈屏所為皆悉能知。』彼不信長者、居士，聞此語已，生毀謗言：『有乾陀羅呪能觀察他心，隈屏所為皆悉能知。』云何，長者子！此豈非毀謗言耶？」

> What is called the power of observing others' minds? In this case, a monk manifests the boundless power of observation, perceiving the thoughts in the minds of all beings; even their hidden and private actions are fully known. If a faithful householder or lay disciple witnesses this—that the monk manifests boundless power of observation, perceiving the thoughts in others' minds, and fully knowing even their hidden and private actions—and then goes to other householders or lay disciples who lack faith and tells them, "I have seen a monk manifest boundless power of observation, perceiving the thoughts in others' minds, and fully knowing even their hidden and private actions," those faithless householders or lay disciples, upon hearing this, may slanderously say, "There is a Gandhāra spell that can observe others' minds and fully know even their hidden and private actions." Tell me, young householder—is this not slanderous speech?

堅固白佛言：「此實是毀謗言也。」

> The Venerable Guna firmly replied to the Buddha, "These are truly slanderous words."

佛言：「我以是故，不勅諸比丘現神變化，但教弟子於空閑處靜默思道，若有功德，當自覆藏，若有過失，當自發露。如是，長者子！此即是我比丘現觀察神足。

「云何為教誡神足？長者子！若如來、至真、等正覺出現於世，十號具足，於諸天、世人、魔、若魔天、沙門、婆羅門中，自身作證，為他說法，上中下言，皆悉真正，義味清淨，梵行具足。若長者、居士聞已，於中得信，得信已，於中觀察自念：『我不宜在家，若在家者，鈎鎖相連，不得清淨修於梵行。我今寧可剃除鬚髮，服三法衣，出家修道，具諸功德，乃至成就三明，滅諸闇冥，生大智明。所以者何？斯由精勤，樂獨閑居，專念不忘之所得也。』長者子！此是我比丘現教誡神足。」

爾時，堅固長者子白佛言：「頗有比丘成就此三神足耶？」

佛告長者子：「我不說有數，多有比丘成此三神足者。長者子！我有比丘在此眾中自思念：『此身四大，地、水、火、風，何由永滅？』彼比丘倐趣天道，往至四天王所，問四天王言：『此身四大，地、水、火、風，由何永滅？』

「長者子！彼四天王報比丘言：『我不知四大由何永滅？我上有天，名曰忉利，微妙第一，有大智慧，彼天能知四大由何而滅。』彼比丘聞已，即倐趣天道，往詣忉利天上，問諸天言：『此身四大，地、水、火、風，何由永滅？』彼忉利天報比丘言：『我不知四大何由滅，上更有天，名焰摩，微妙第一，有大智慧，彼天能知。』即往就問，又言不知。

「如是展轉，至兜率天、化自在天、他化自在天，皆言：『我不知四大何由而滅？上更有天，微妙第一，有大智慧，名梵迦夷，彼天能知四大何由永滅。』彼比丘即倐趣梵道，詣梵天上問言：『此身四大，地、水、火、風，何由永滅？』彼梵天報比丘言：『我不知四大何由永滅，今有大梵天王，無能勝者，統千世界，富貴尊豪，最得自在，能造化物，是眾生父母，彼能知四大由何永滅。』長者子！彼比丘尋問：『彼大梵王今為所在？』彼天報言：『不知大梵今為所在，以我意觀，出現不久。』未久，梵王忽然出現。長者！彼比丘詣梵王所問言：『此身四大，地、水、火、風，何由永滅？』彼大梵王告比丘言：『我梵天王無能勝者，統千世界，富貴尊豪，最得自在，能造萬物，眾生父母。』時，彼比丘告梵王曰：『我不問此事，自問四大，地、水、火、風，何由永滅？』

「長者子！彼梵王猶報比丘言：『我是大梵天王，無能勝者，乃至造作萬物，眾生父母。』比丘又復告言：『我不問此，我自問四大何由永滅？』長者子！彼梵天王如是至三，不能報彼比丘四大何由永滅。時，大梵王即執比丘右手，將詣屏處，語言：『比丘！今諸梵王皆謂我為智慧第一，無不知見，是故我不得報汝言：「不知不見此四大何由永滅。」』又語比丘：『汝為大愚！乃捨如來於諸天中推問此事。汝當於世尊所問如此事，如佛所說，善受持之。』又告比丘：『今佛在舍衛國給孤獨園，汝可往問。』

「長者子！時，比丘於梵天上忽然不現。譬如壯士屈申臂頃，至舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園，來至我所，頭面禮足，一面坐，白我言：『世尊！今此四大，地、水、火、風，何由而滅？』時，我告言：『比丘！猶如商人臂鷹入海，於海中放彼鷹飛空東西南北，若得陸地則便停止，若無陸地更還歸船。比丘！汝亦如是，乃至梵天問如是義，竟不成就，還來歸我。今當使汝成就此義。』即說偈言：

「『何由無四大，地水火風滅？何由無麤細，及長短好醜？何由無名色，永滅無有餘？應答識無形，無量自有光。此滅四大滅，麤細好醜滅，於此名色滅，識滅餘亦滅。』」

時，堅固長者子白佛言：「世尊！此比丘名何等？云何持之？」

佛告長者子：「此比丘名阿室已，當奉持之。」

爾時，堅固長者子聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。