---
title: "長阿含經 · 8 忉利天品"
description: "長阿含經是佛教原始經典四阿含之一，由後秦時期譯師佛陀耶舍與竺佛念共同譯出。該經成書於公元前1世紀左右，屬早期佛教根本聖典，記載了佛陀與弟子們的言行教法。全經共30卷，分為四分，主要內容包括佛陀生平、教義闡述、修行方法及宇宙觀等，系統性保存了原始佛教的基本教理。作為漢傳佛教重要典籍，長阿含經被視為研究原始佛教思想的核心文獻，在佛教經典體系中具有不可替代的權威地位，對後世佛教發展影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm95s9s3r04qijz0uvaffo1ke"
---

### 佛說長阿含第四分世記經忉利天品第八

> Trayastrimsa Heaven Chapter

佛告比丘：「須彌山王頂上有三十三天城，縱廣八萬由旬，其城七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，城高百由旬，上廣六十由旬。城門高六十由旬，廣三十由旬，相去五百由旬有一門，其一一門有五百鬼神守侍衛護三十三天，金城銀門，銀城金門，乃至無數眾鳥相和悲鳴，亦復如是。其大城內復有小城，縱廣六萬由旬，其城七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，城高百由旬，廣六十由旬，城門相去五百由旬，高六十由旬，廣三十由旬，一一城門有五百鬼神侍衛門側，守護三十三天。金城銀門，銀城金門，水精城琉璃門，琉璃城水精門，赤珠城馬瑙門，馬瑙城赤珠門，車𤦲城眾寶門。

> The Buddha told the monks: "At the peak of Mount Sumeru lies the city of the Thirty-Three Gods. It extends eighty thousand yojanas in length and width. The city is surrounded by seven layers of walls, adorned with seven rows of railings, seven layers of netting, and seven rows of trees, all beautifully decorated with the seven precious materials. The city walls are a hundred yojanas high, and the top is sixty yojanas wide. The city gates are sixty yojanas high and thirty yojanas wide, with gates placed every five hundred yojanas apart. At each gate, five hundred guardian spirits stand watch, protecting the Thirty-Three Gods. If the city walls are made of gold, the gates are made of silver; if silver walls, gold gates—and so on. Countless birds sing harmoniously, their cries blending together. Within this great city there is a smaller city, sixty thousand yojanas in length and width. It also has seven layers of walls, adorned with seven rows of railings, seven layers of netting, and seven rows of trees, all decorated with the seven precious materials. Its walls are a hundred yojanas high and sixty yojanas wide, with gates every five hundred yojanas apart. Each gate is sixty yojanas high and thirty yojanas wide, and five hundred guardian spirits stand by to protect the Thirty-Three Gods. If the city is of gold, the gates are of silver; if of silver, gold gates; if of crystal, lapis lazuli gates; if of lapis lazuli, crystal gates; if of rubies, agate gates; if of agate, ruby gates; if of emerald, its gates are made of various gems."

「其欄楯者，金欄銀桄，銀欄金桄，水精欄琉璃桄，琉璃欄水精桄，赤珠欄馬瑙桄，馬瑙欄赤珠桄，車𤦲欄眾寶桄。其欄楯上有寶羅網，其金羅網下懸銀鈴，其銀羅網下懸金鈴，琉璃羅網懸水精鈴，水精羅網懸琉璃鈴，赤珠羅網懸馬瑙鈴，馬瑙羅網懸赤珠鈴，車𤦲羅網懸眾寶鈴。其金樹者金根金枝銀葉花實，其銀樹者銀根銀枝金葉花實，其水精樹水精根枝琉璃花葉，其琉璃樹琉璃根枝水精花葉，其赤珠樹赤珠根枝馬瑙花葉，馬瑙樹者馬瑙根枝赤珠花葉，車𤦲樹者車𤦲根枝眾寶花葉。

> The railings were made of gold and silver beams. Where the railing bars were gold, the crossbeams were silver; where the bars were silver, the beams were gold. Similarly, crystal bars were paired with beryl beams, beryl bars with crystal beams, red pearls with agate beams, agate bars with red pearl beams, and glossy gems with beams of various jewels. Above the railings hung jeweled nets: gold nets with silver bells suspended beneath them, silver nets with gold bells, beryl nets with crystal bells, crystal nets with beryl bells, red pearl nets with agate bells, agate nets with red pearl bells, and glossy gem nets with bells of precious stones. As for the trees: Gold trees had gold trunks and branches, with silver leaves and blossoms. Silver trees had silver trunks and branches, with gold leaves and blossoms. Crystal trees had crystal trunks and branches, with beryl leaves and blossoms. Beryl trees had beryl trunks and branches, with crystal leaves and blossoms. Red pearl trees had red pearl trunks and branches, with agate leaves and blossoms. Agate trees had agate trunks and branches, with red pearl leaves and blossoms. Glossy gem trees had glossy gem trunks and branches, with leaves and blossoms of various precious jewels.

「其七重城，城有四門，門有欄楯，七重城上皆有樓閣臺觀周匝圍遶，有園林浴池，生眾寶花，雜色參間，寶樹行列，華果繁茂，香風四起，悅可人心，鳧雁、鴛鴦、異類奇鳥，無數千種，相和而鳴。其小城外中間有伊羅鉢龍宮，縱廣六千由旬，宮牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和悲鳴，亦復如是。

> Its seven-layered walls had four gates, and each gate had railings and screens. On top of the seven walls were pavilions, terraces, and towers, all encircling it completely. There were gardens and bathing pools, growing countless jewel-like flowers of many intermingling colors. Rows of jeweled trees flourished with abundant blossoms and fruit. Fragrant breezes blew from every direction, delighting people's hearts. Wild ducks, mandarin ducks, and strange and wondrous birds of countless thousands of kinds sang together in harmony. Between the small city and the outer walls was the Dragon Palace of Elapatra, six thousand yojanas in length and breadth. Its palace walls were seven-layered, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all adorned and decorated around, made of the seven treasures—even down to countless flocks of birds singing together in plaintive harmony, it was just the same.

「其善見城內有善法堂，縱廣百由旬，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成。其堂下基純以真金，上覆琉璃，其堂中柱圍十由旬，高百由旬，當其柱下敷天帝御座，縱廣一由旬，雜色間廁，以七寶成，其座柔軟，軟若天衣，夾座兩邊左右十六座。

> In the city of Sudarshana, there is a hall called the Hall of Excellent Dharma. It is one hundred yojanas long and one hundred yojanas wide, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all arranged around it in perfect order, made of the seven precious materials. The base of the hall is made entirely of pure gold, and it is roofed with lapis lazuli. The pillars inside the hall are ten yojanas in circumference and one hundred yojanas tall. Beneath the central pillar is placed the throne of the Lord of the Gods, one yojana long and one yojana wide, inlaid with various colors and made of the seven precious materials. The seat is as soft as celestial robes. On either side of this seat, to the left and right, are sixteen smaller seats.

「堂有四門，周匝欄楯，以七寶成，其堂階道縱廣五百由旬，門郭七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。善見堂北有帝釋宮殿，縱廣千由旬，宮牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和悲鳴，亦復如是。善見堂東有園林，名曰麤澁，縱廣千由旬，園牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。麤澁園中有二石垛，天金校飾，一名賢，二名善賢，縱廣各五十由旬，其石柔軟，軟若天衣。

> The Hall of Good Seeing has four gates, surrounded by railings and balustrades made of the seven treasures. The steps and walkways of this hall extend five hundred yojanas in length and breadth. Its outer walls have seven layers, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven layers of rows of trees, all arranged around it in decorative patterns, made of the seven treasures. And so too, countless flocks of birds sing in harmony together. North of the Hall of Good Seeing is the palace of Shakra, extending a thousand yojanas in length and breadth. Its palace walls have seven layers, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven layers of rows of trees, all arranged around it in decorative patterns, made of the seven treasures. And so too, countless flocks of birds sing together in mournful harmony. East of the Hall of Good Seeing is a garden grove called Rough and Astringent, extending a thousand yojanas in length and breadth. The garden walls have seven layers, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven layers of rows of trees, all arranged around it in decorative patterns, made of the seven treasures. And so too, countless flocks of birds sing in harmony together. In the Rough and Astringent Grove there are two stone platforms adorned with celestial gold. One is named Virtuous, the second is named Well-Virtuous. Each extends fifty yojanas in length and breadth. The stone is soft and supple, as soft as celestial cloth.

「善見宮南有園林，名曰畫樂，縱廣千由旬，園牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。其園內有二石垛，七寶所成，一名晝，二名善晝，各縱廣五十由旬，其垛柔軟，軟若天衣。善見堂西有園林，名雜，縱廣千由旬，園牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，七寶所成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。其園中有二石垛，一名善見，二名順善見，天金校飾，七寶所成，各縱廣五十由旬，其垛柔軟，軟若天衣。善見堂北有園林，名曰大喜，縱廣千由旬，園牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。其園中有二石垛，一名喜，二名大喜，車𤦲校飾，縱廣五十由旬，其垛柔軟，軟若天衣。

> To the south of the Palace of Good Views there is a garden called Painted Joy, a thousand yojanas long and a thousand yojanas wide. Its walls have seven layers, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all adorned and made of the seven treasures. Countless birds of many kinds sing in harmony together, just as before. Within that garden are two stone platforms made of the seven treasures. One is named Day, the second is named Good Day. Each is fifty yojanas long and fifty yojanas wide. The platforms are soft, as soft as celestial cloth. To the west of the Hall of Good Views there is a garden called Mixed, a thousand yojanas long and a thousand yojanas wide. Its walls have seven layers, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all adorned and made of the seven treasures. Countless birds of many kinds sing in harmony together, just as before. Within that garden are two stone platforms. One is named Good Views, the second is named Accord with Good Views. They are adorned with celestial gold and made of the seven treasures. Each is fifty yojanas long and fifty yojanas wide. The platforms are soft, as soft as celestial cloth. To the north of the Hall of Good Views there is a garden called Great Joy, a thousand yojanas long and a thousand yojanas wide. Its walls have seven layers, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all adorned and made of the seven treasures. Countless birds of many kinds sing in harmony together, just as before. Within that garden are two stone platforms. One is named Joy, the second is named Great Joy. They are adorned with carnelian. They are fifty yojanas long and fifty yojanas wide. The platforms are soft, as soft as celestial cloth.

「其麤澁園、畵樂園中間有難陀池，縱廣百由旬，其水清澄，無有垢穢，七重寶塹周匝砌廁，欄楯七重、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成。其池四面有四梯陛，周匝欄楯間以七寶，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。又其池中生四種花，青、黃、赤、白、紅縹雜色間廁，其一花葉蔭一由旬，香氣芬熏聞一由旬，根如車轂，其汁流出，色白如乳，味甘如蜜。其池四面復有園林。其雜園林、大喜園林二園中間有樹名晝度，圍七由旬，高百由旬，枝葉四布五十由旬。樹外空亭縱廣五百由旬，宮牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。

> Between the Rough Garden and the Painted Joy Garden lies the Nanda Pool. It stretches a hundred yojanas in every direction, and its water is clear and pure, free of any filth. It is encircled by seven layers of jeweled embankments, with seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all finely adorned and made of the seven treasures. On each of the pool's four sides are four stairways, and among the surrounding railings are inlaid the seven treasures. Countless birds also sing together in harmony, just as before. In the pool grow four kinds of flowers—blue, yellow, red, and white—along with mixed shades of crimson and pale blue, all intermingled. A single leaf of one of these flowers shades a whole yojana, and its fragrance carries for a yojana. Its roots are like chariot wheels, and from them flows a juice white as milk and sweet as honey. On each of the pool's four sides there are also groves and gardens. Between the Various Garden and the Great Joy Garden stands a tree called Day Measure. It is seven yojanas around, a hundred yojanas tall, and its branches and leaves spread out fifty yojanas. Beyond the tree is an open pavilion five hundred yojanas in every direction, with seven layers of palace walls, seven layers of railings, seven layers of nets, and seven rows of trees, all finely adorned and made of the seven treasures. Countless birds also sing together in harmony, just as before.

「其餘忉利天宮殿縱廣千由旬，宮牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。其諸宮殿有縱廣九百、八百，極小百由旬，宮牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝校飾，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。諸小天宮縱廣百由旬，有九十、八十，極小至十二由旬，宮牆七重，七重欄楯、七重羅網、七重行樹，周匝圍遶，以七寶成，乃至無數眾鳥相和而鳴，亦復如是。

「善見堂北有二階道至帝釋宮殿，善見堂東有二階道至麤澁園，復有階道至畵樂園觀，復有階道至雜園中，復有階道至大喜園，復有階道至大喜池，復有階道至晝度樹，復有階道至三十三天宮，復有階道至諸天宮，復有階道至伊羅鉢龍王宮。若天帝釋欲麤澁園中遊觀時，即念三十三天臣，三十三天臣即自念言：『今帝釋念我。』即自莊嚴駕乘寶車，與無數眾前後圍遶至帝釋前，於一面立。帝釋復念其餘諸天，諸天念言：『今帝釋念我。』即自莊嚴，與諸天眾相隨至帝釋前，於一面立。帝釋復念伊羅鉢龍王，伊羅鉢龍王復自念言：『今帝釋念我。』龍王即自變身出三十三頭，一一頭有六牙，一一牙有七浴池，一一浴池有七大蓮華，一一蓮花有一百葉，一一花葉有七玉女，鼓樂絃歌，抃舞其上。時，彼龍王作此化已，詣帝釋前，於一面立。

「時，釋提桓因著眾寶飾，瓔珞其身，坐伊羅鉢龍王第一頂上，其次兩邊各有十六天王，在龍頂上次第而坐。時，天帝釋與無數諸天眷屬圍遶詣麤澁園。有自然風，吹門自開；有自然風，吹地令淨；有自然風，吹花散地，眾花積聚，花至于膝。時，天帝釋於賢、善賢二石垛上隨意而坐，三十三王各次第坐，復有諸天不得侍從見彼園觀，不得入園五欲娛樂。所以者何？斯由本行功德不同。復有諸天得見園林而不得入，不得五欲共相娛樂。所以者何？斯由本行功德不同。復有諸天得見、得入，不得五欲共相娛樂。所以者何？斯由本行功德不同。復有諸天得入、得見，五欲娛樂。所以者何？斯由本行功德同故。

「遊戲園中，五欲自娛，一日、二日，至於七日，相娛樂已，各自還宮。彼天帝釋遊觀畵樂園、雜園、大喜園時，亦復如是。何故名之為麤澁園？入此園時，身體麤澁。何故名為畵樂園？入此園時，身體自然有種種畵色以為娛樂。何故名為雜園？常以月八日、十四日、十五日，除阿須倫女，放諸婇女與諸天子雜錯遊戲，是故名為雜園。何故名為大喜園？入此園時，娛樂歡樂，故名大喜。何故名為善法堂？於此堂上思惟妙法，受清淨樂，故名善法堂。何故名為晝度樹？此樹有神，名曰漫陀，常作伎樂以自娛樂，故名晝度。又彼大樹枝條四布，花葉繁茂如大寶雲，故名晝度。

「釋提桓因左右常有十大天子隨從侍衛。何等為十？一者名因陀羅，二名瞿夷，三名毘樓，四名毘樓婆提，五名陀羅，六名婆羅，七名耆婆，八名靈醯嵬，九名物羅，十名難頭。釋提桓因有大神力，威德如是。閻浮提人所貴水花：優鉢羅花、鉢頭摩花、拘物頭花、分陀利花、須乾頭花，柔軟香潔。其陸生花：解脫花、薝蔔花、婆羅陀花、須曼周那花、婆師花、童女花。拘耶尼、欝單曰、弗于逮、龍宮、金翅鳥宮水陸諸花，亦復如是。阿須倫宮水中生花：優鉢羅花、鉢頭摩花、拘物頭花、分陀利花，柔軟香潔。陸生花：殊好花、頻浮花、大頻浮花、伽伽利花、大伽伽利花、曼陀羅花、大曼陀羅花。四天王、三十三天、焰摩天、兜率天、化自在天、他化自在天所貴水陸諸花，亦復如是。

「天有十法，何等為十？一者飛去無限數。二者飛來無限數。三者去無碍。四者來無碍。五者天身無有皮膚、骨體、筋脉、血肉。六者身無不淨大小便利。七者身無疲極。八者天女不產。九者天目不眴。十者身隨意色，好青則青，好黃則黃，赤、白眾色，隨意而現。此是諸天十法。人有七色。云何為七？有人金色，有人火色，有人青色，有人黃色，有人赤色，有人黑色，有人魔色。諸天、阿須倫有七色，亦復如是。

「諸比丘！螢火之明不如燈燭，燈燭之明不如炬火，炬火之明不如積火，積火之明不如四天王宮殿、城墎、瓔珞、衣服、身色光明，四天王宮殿、城墎、瓔珞、衣服、身色光明不如三十三天光明，三十三天光明不如焰摩天光明，焰摩天光明不如兜率天光明，兜率天光明不如化自在天光明，化自在天光明不如他化自在天光明，他化自在天光明不如梵迦夷天宮殿、衣服身色光明，梵迦夷天宮殿、衣服、身色光明不如光念天光明，光念天光明不如遍淨天光明，遍淨天光明不如果實天光明，果實天光明不如無想天光明，無想天光明不如無造天，無造天光明不如無熱天，無熱天光明不如善見天，善見天光明不如大善天，大善天光明不如色究竟天，色究竟天光明不如地自在天，地自在天光明不如佛光明。從螢火光至佛光明，合集爾所光明，不如苦諦光明，集諦、滅諦、道諦光明。是故，諸比丘！欲求光明者，當求苦諦、集諦、滅諦、道諦光明，當作是修行。

「閻浮提人身長三肘半，衣長七肘，廣三肘半；瞿耶尼、弗于逮人身亦三肘半，衣長七肘，廣三肘半；欝單曰人身長七肘，衣長十四肘，廣七肘，衣重一兩；阿須倫身長一由旬，衣長二由旬，廣一由旬，衣重六銖；四天王身長半由旬，衣長一由旬，廣半由旬，衣重半兩；忉利天身長一由旬，衣長二由旬，廣一由旬，衣重六銖；焰摩天身長二由旬，衣長四由旬，廣二由旬，衣重三銖；兜率天身長四由旬，衣長八由旬，廣四由旬，衣重一銖半；化自在天身長八由旬，衣長十六由旬，廣八由旬，衣重一銖；他化自在天身長十六由旬，衣長三十二由旬，廣十六由旬，衣重半銖。自上諸天，各隨其身而著衣服。

「閻浮提人壽命百歲，少出多減。拘耶尼人壽命二百歲，少出多減。弗于逮人壽三百歲，少出多減。欝單曰人盡壽千歲，無有增減。餓鬼壽七萬歲，少出多減。龍、金翅鳥壽一劫，或有減者。阿須倫壽天千歲，少出多減。四天王壽天五百歲，少出多減。忉利天壽天千歲，少出多減。焰摩天壽天二千歲，少出多減。兜率天壽天四千歲，少出多減。化自在天壽天八千歲，少出多減。他化自在天壽天萬六千歲，少出多減。梵迦夷天壽命一劫，或有減者。光音天壽命二劫，或有減者。遍淨天壽命三劫，或有減者。果實天壽命四劫，或有減者。無想天壽命五百劫，或有減者。無造天壽命千劫，或有減者。無熱天壽命二千劫，或有減者。善見天壽命三千劫，或有減者。大善見天壽命四千劫，或有減者。色究竟天壽命五千劫，或有減者。空處天壽命萬劫，或有減者。識處天壽命二萬一千劫，或有減者。不用處天壽命四萬二千劫，或有減者。有想無想天壽命八萬四千劫，或有減者。齊此為眾生，齊此為壽命，齊此為世界，齊此名為生、老、病、死往來所趣，界、入聚也。」

佛告比丘：「一切眾生以四食存。何謂為四？摶、細滑食為第一，觸食為第二，念食為第三，識食為第四。彼彼眾生所食不同。閻浮提人種種飯、󰉓麵、魚肉以為摶食，衣服、洗浴為細滑食。拘耶尼、弗于逮人亦食種種飯󰉓麵、魚肉以為摶食，衣服、洗浴為細滑食。欝單曰人唯食自然粳米，天味具足以為摶食，衣服、洗浴為細滑食。龍、金翅鳥食黿鼉、魚鱉以為摶食，洗浴、衣服為細滑食。阿須倫食淨摶食以為摶食，洗浴、衣服為細滑食。四天王、忉利天、焰摩天、兜率天、化自在天、他化自在天食淨摶食以為摶食，洗浴、衣服為細滑食。自上諸天以禪定喜樂為食。何等眾生觸食？卵生眾生觸食。何等眾生念食？有眾生因念食得存，諸根增長，壽命不絕，是為念食。何等識食？地獄眾生及無色天，是名識食。

「閻浮提人以金銀、珍寶、穀帛、奴僕治生販賣以自生活。拘耶尼人以牛羊、珠寶市易生活。弗于逮人以穀帛、珠璣市易自活。欝單曰人無有市易治生自活。閻浮提人有婚姻往來、男娶女嫁。拘耶尼人、弗于逮人亦有婚姻、男娶女嫁。欝單曰人無有婚姻、男女嫁娶。龍、金翅鳥、阿須倫亦有婚姻、男女嫁娶。四天王、忉利天，乃至他化自在天亦有婚姻、男娶女嫁。自上諸天無復男女。閻浮提人男女交會，身身相觸以成陰陽。拘耶尼、弗于逮、欝單曰人亦身身相觸以成陰陽。龍、金翅鳥亦身身相觸以成陰陽。阿須倫身身相近，以氣成陰陽。四天王、忉利天亦復如是。焰摩天相近以成陰陽。兜率天執手成陰陽。化自在天熟視成陰陽。他化自在天暫視成陰陽。自上諸天無復婬欲。

「若有眾生身行惡，口言惡，意念惡，身壞命終，此後識滅，泥梨初識生，因識有名色，因名色有六入。或有眾生身行惡，口言惡，意念惡，身壞命終，墮畜生中，此後識滅，畜生初識生，因識有名色，因名色有六入。或有眾生身行惡，口言惡，意念惡，身壞命終，墮餓鬼中，此後識滅，餓鬼初識生，因識有名色，因名色有六入。或有眾生身行善，口言善，意念善，身壞命終，得生人中，此後識滅，人中初識生，因識有名色，因名色有六入。

「或有眾生身行善，口言善，意念善，身壞命終，生四天王，此後識滅，四天王識初生，因識有名色，因名色有六入。彼天初生，如此人間一、二歲兒，自然化現，在天膝上坐，彼天即言：『此是我子。』由行報故，自然智生，即自念言：『我由何行，今生此間？』即復自念：『我昔於人間身行善，口言善，意念善，由此行故，今得生天。我設於此命終，復生人間者，當淨身、口、意，倍復精勤，修諸善行。』兒生未久便自覺飢，當其兒前有自然寶器，盛天百味自然淨食，若福多者飯色為白，其福中者飯色為青，其福下者飯色為赤。彼兒以手探飯著口中，食自然消化，如酥投火。彼兒食訖，方自覺渴，有自然寶器盛甘露漿，其福多者漿色為白，其福中者漿色為青，其福下者漿色為赤。其兒取彼漿飲，漿自消化，如酥投火。

「彼兒飲食已訖，身體長大，與餘天等，即入浴池沐浴澡洗，以自娛樂。自娛樂已，還出浴池，詣香樹下，香樹曲躬，手取眾香，以自塗身。復詣劫貝衣樹，樹為曲躬，取種種衣，著其身上。復詣莊嚴樹，樹為曲躬，取種種莊嚴，以自嚴身。復詣鬘樹，樹為曲躬，取鬘貫首。復詣器樹，樹為曲躬，即取寶器。復詣果樹，樹為曲躬，取自然果，或食或含，或漉汁而飲。復詣樂器樹，樹為曲躬，取天樂器，以清妙聲和絃而歌，向諸園林。彼見無數天女鼓樂絃歌，語笑相向，其天遊觀，遂生染著，視東忘西，視西忘東，其初生時，知自念言：『我由何行，今得生此？』當其遊處觀時，盡忘此念。於是便有婇女侍從。

「若有眾生身行善，口言善，意念善，身壞命終，生忉利天，此後識滅，彼初識生，因識有名色，因名色有六入。彼天初生，如閻浮提二、三歲兒，自然化現，在天膝上，彼天即言：『此是我男，此是我女。』亦復如是。或有眾生身、口、意善，身壞命終，生㷔摩天，其天初生，如閻浮提三、四歲兒。或有眾生身、口、意善，身壞命終，生兜率天，其天初生，如此世間四、五歲兒。或有眾生身、口、意善，身壞命終，生化自在天，其天初生，如此世間五、六歲兒。或有眾生身、口、意善，身壞命終，生他化自在天，其天初生，如此世間六、七歲兒，亦復如是。」

佛告比丘：「半月三齋。云何為三？月八日齋、十四日齋、十五日齋，是為三齋。何故於月八日齋？常以月八日，四天王告使者言：『汝等案行世間，觀視萬民，知有孝順父母，敬順沙門、婆羅門，宗事長老，齋戒布施，濟諸窮乏者不？』爾時，使者聞王教已，遍案行天下，知有孝順父母，宗事沙門、婆羅門，恭順長老，持戒守齋，布施窮乏者，具觀察已，見諸世間不孝父母，不敬師長，不修齋戒，不濟窮乏者，還白王言：『天王！世間孝順父母，敬事師長，淨修齋戒，施諸窮乏者，甚少！甚少！』爾時，四天王聞已，愁憂不悅，答言：『咄此為哉！世人多惡，不孝父母，不事師長，不修齋戒，不施窮乏，減損諸天眾，增益阿須倫眾。』若使者見世間有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者，則還白天王言：『世間有人孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，施諸窮乏者。』四天王聞已，即大歡喜，唱言：『善哉！我聞善言，世間乃能有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏，增益諸天眾，減損阿須倫眾。』

「何故於十四日齋？十四日齋時，四天王告太子言：『汝當案行天下，觀察萬民，知有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者不？』太子受王教已，即案行天下，觀察萬民，知有孝順父母，宗事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者，具觀察已，見諸世間有不孝順父母，不敬師長，不修齋戒，不施貧乏者，還白王言：『天王！世間孝順父母，敬順師長，淨修齋戒，濟諸貧乏者，甚少！甚少！』四天王聞已，愁憂不悅言：『咄此為哉！世人多惡，不孝父母，不事師長，不修齋戒，不濟窮乏，減損諸天眾，增益阿須倫眾。』太子若見世間有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者，即還白王言：『天王！世間有人孝順父母，敬順師長，勤修齋戒，施諸貧乏者。』四天王聞已，即大歡喜，唱言：『善哉！我聞善言，世間能有孝事父母，宗敬師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏，增益諸天眾，減損阿須倫眾。』是故十四日齋。

「何故於十五日齋？十五日齋時，四天王躬身自下，案行天下，觀察萬民，世間寧有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者不？見世間人多不孝父母，不事師長，不勤齋戒，不施貧乏。時，四天王詣善法殿，白帝釋言：『大王！當知世間眾生多不孝父母，不敬師長，不修齋戒，不施貧乏。』帝釋及忉利諸天聞已，愁憂不悅言：『咄此為哉！世人多惡，不孝父母，不敬師長，不修齋戒，不施窮乏，減損諸天眾，增益阿須倫眾。』四天王若見世間有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者，還詣善法堂，白帝釋言：『世人有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者。』帝釋及忉利諸天聞是語已，皆大歡喜，唱言：『善哉！世間乃有孝順父母，敬事師長，勤修齋戒，布施貧乏者，增益諸天眾，減損阿須倫眾。』是故十五日齋戒。是故有三齋。爾時，帝釋欲使諸天倍生歡喜，即說偈言：

「『常以月八日，十四十五日，受化修齋戒，其人與我同。』」

佛告比丘：「帝釋說此偈，非為善受，非為善說，我所不可。所以者何？彼天帝釋婬、怒、癡未盡，未脫生、老、病、死、憂、悲、苦惱。我說其人未離苦本。若我比丘漏盡阿羅漢，所作已辦，捨於重擔，自獲己利，盡諸有結，平等解脫。如此比丘應說此偈：

「『常以月八日，十四十五日，受化修齋戒，其人與我同。』」

佛告比丘：「彼比丘說此偈者，乃名善受，乃名善說，我所印可。所以者何？彼比丘婬、怒、癡盡已，脫生、老、病、死、憂、悲、苦惱，我說其人離於苦本。」

佛告比丘：「一切人民所居舍宅，皆有鬼神，無有空者。一切街巷四衢道中，屠兒市肆及丘塚間，皆有鬼神，無有空者。凡諸鬼神皆隨所依，即以為名，依人名人，依村名村，依城名城，依國名國，依土名土，依山名山，依河名河。」

佛告比丘：「一切樹木極小如車軸者，皆有鬼神依止，無有空者。一切男子、女人初始生時，皆有鬼神隨逐擁護；若其死時，彼守護鬼攝其精氣，其人則死。」

佛告比丘：「設有外道梵志問言：『諸賢！若一切男女初始生時，皆有鬼神隨逐守護；其欲死時，彼守護鬼神攝其精氣，其人則死者。今人何故有為鬼神所觸嬈者？有不為鬼神所觸嬈者？』設有此問，汝等應答彼言：『世人為非法行，邪見顛倒，作十惡業，如是人輩，若百若千，乃至有一神護耳。譬如群牛、群羊，若百若千，一人守牧，彼亦如是，為非法行，邪見顛倒，作十惡業，如是人輩，若百若千，乃有一神護耳。若有人修行善法，見正信行，具十善業，如是一人有百千神護。譬如國王、國王大臣、有百千人衛護一人。彼亦如是，修行善法，具十善業，如是一人有百千神護。以是緣故，世人有為鬼神所觸嬈者，有不為鬼神所觸嬈者。』」

佛告比丘：「閻浮提人有三事勝拘耶尼人。何等為三？一者勇猛強記，能造業行。二者勇猛強記，勤修梵行。三者勇猛強記，佛出其土。以此三事勝拘耶尼。拘耶尼人有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者多牛，二者多羊，三者多珠玉。以此三事勝閻浮提。閻浮提有三事勝弗于逮。何等為三？一者勇猛強記，能造業行。二者勇猛強記，能修梵行。三者勇猛強記，佛出其土。以此三事勝弗于逮。弗于逮有三事勝閻浮提，何等為三？一者其土極廣，二者其土極大，三者其土極妙。以此三事勝閻浮提。

「閻浮提有三事勝欝單曰。何等為三？一者勇猛強記，能造業行。二者勇猛強記，能修梵行。三者勇猛強記，佛出其土。以此三事勝欝單曰。欝單曰復有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者無所繫屬，二者無有我，三者壽定千歲。以此三事勝閻浮提。閻浮提人亦以上三事勝餓鬼趣。餓鬼趣有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者長壽，二者身大，三者他作自受。以此三事勝閻浮提。閻浮提人亦以上三事勝龍、金翅鳥。龍、金翅鳥復有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者長壽，二者身大，三者宮殿。以此三事勝閻浮提。

「閻浮提以上三事勝阿須倫。阿須倫復有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者宮殿高廣，二者宮殿莊嚴，三者宮殿清淨。以此三事勝閻浮提。閻浮提人以此三事勝四天王。四天王復有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者長壽，二者端正，三者多樂。以此三事勝閻浮提。閻浮提人亦以上三事勝忉利天、焰摩天、兜率天、化自在天、他化自在天。此諸天復有三事勝閻浮提。何等為三？一者長壽，二者端正，三者多樂。」

佛告比丘：「欲界眾生有十二種。何等為十二？一者地獄，二者畜生，三者餓鬼，四者人，五者阿須倫，六者四天王，七者忉利天，八者焰摩天，九者兜率天，十者化自在天，十一者他化自在天，十二者魔天。色界眾生有二十二種：一者梵身天，二者梵輔天，三者梵眾天，四者大梵天，五者光天，六者少光天，七者無量光天，八者光音天，九者淨天，十者少淨天，十一者無量淨天，十二者遍淨天，十三者嚴飾天，十四者小嚴飾天，十五者無量嚴飾天，十六者嚴飾果實天，十七者無想天，十八者無造天，十九者無熱天，二十者善見天，二十一者大善見天，二十二者阿迦尼吒天。無色界眾生有四種。何等為四？一者空智天，二者識智天，三者無所有智天，四者有想無想智天。」

佛告比丘：「有四大天神。何等為四？一者地神，二者水神，三者風神，四者火神。昔者，地神生惡見言：『地中無水、火、風。』時，我知此地神所念，即往語言：『汝當生念言：「地中無水、火、風。」耶？』地神報言：『地中實無水、火、風也。』我時語言：『汝勿生此念，謂地中無水、火、風。所以者何？地中有水、火、風，但地大多故，地大得名。』」

佛告比丘：「我時為彼地神次第說法，除其惡見，示教利喜，施論、戒論、生天之論，欲為不淨，上漏為患，出要為上；敷演開示，清淨梵行。我時知其心淨，柔軟歡喜，無有陰蓋，易可開化，如諸佛常法，說苦聖諦、苦集諦、苦滅諦、苦出要諦，演布開示。爾時，地神即於座上遠塵離垢，得法眼淨。譬如淨潔白衣，易為受色。彼亦如是，信心清淨，遂得法眼，無有狐疑，見法決定，不墮惡趣，不向餘道，成就無畏，而白我言：『我今歸依佛，歸依法，歸依僧，盡形壽不殺、不盜、不婬、不欺、不飲酒，聽我於正法中為優婆夷。』」

佛告比丘：「昔者，水神生惡見言：『水中無地、火、風。』時，地神知彼水神心生此見，往語水神言：『汝實起此見，言：「水中無地、火、風。」耶？』答曰：『實爾。』地神語言：『汝勿起此見，謂水中無地、火、風。所以者何？水中有地、火、風，但水大多故，水大得名。』時，地神即為說法，除其惡見，示教利喜，施論、戒論、生天之論，欲為不淨，上漏為患，出要為上；敷演開示，清淨梵行。時，地神知彼水神其心柔軟，歡喜信解，淨無陰蓋，易可開化，如諸佛常法，說苦聖諦、苦集諦、苦滅諦、苦出要諦，演布開示。時，彼水神即遠塵離垢，得法眼淨。猶如淨潔白衣，易為受色。彼亦如是，信心清淨，得法眼淨，無有狐疑，決定得果，不墮惡趣，不向餘道，成就無畏，白地神言：『我今歸依佛，歸依法，歸依僧，盡形壽不殺、不盜、不婬、不欺、不飲酒，聽我於正法中為優婆夷。』」

佛告比丘：「昔者，火神生惡見言：『火中無地、水、風。』時，地神、水神知彼火神心生此見，共語火神言：『汝實起此見耶？』答曰：『實爾。』二神語言：『汝勿起此見。所以者何？火中有地、水、風，但火大多故，火大得名耳。』時，二神即為說法，除其惡見，示教利喜，施論、戒論、生天之論，欲為不淨，上漏為患，出要為上；敷演開示，清淨梵行。二神知彼火神其心柔軟，歡喜信解，淨無陰蓋，易可開化，如諸佛常法，說苦聖諦、苦集諦、苦滅諦、苦出要諦，演布開示。時，彼火神即遠塵離垢，得法眼淨。猶如淨潔白衣，易為受色。彼亦如是，信心清淨，遂得法眼，無有狐疑，決定得果，不墮惡趣，不向餘道，成就無畏，白二神言：『我今歸依佛、法、聖眾，盡形壽不殺、不盜、不婬、不欺、不飲酒，聽我於正法中為優婆夷。』」

佛告比丘：「昔者，風神生惡見言：『風中無地、水、火。』地、水、火神知彼風神生此惡見，往語之言：『汝實起此見耶？』答曰：『實爾。』三神語言：『汝勿起此見。所以者何？風中有地、水、火，但風大多故，風大得名耳。』時，三神即為說法，除其惡見，示教利喜，施論、戒論、生天之論，欲為不淨，上漏為患，出要為上；敷演開示，清淨梵行。三神知彼風神其心柔軟，歡喜信解，淨無陰蓋，易可開化，如諸佛常法，說苦聖諦、苦集、苦滅、苦出要諦，演布開示。時，彼風神即遠塵離垢，得法眼淨。譬如淨潔白衣，易為受色。彼亦如是，信心清淨，逮得法眼，無有狐疑，決定得果，不墮惡趣，不向餘道，成就無畏，白三神言：『我今歸依佛、法、聖眾，盡形壽不殺、不盜、不婬、不欺、不飲酒，願聽我於正法中為優婆夷，慈心一切，不嬈眾生。』」

佛告比丘：「雲有四種。云何為四？一者白色，二者黑色，三者赤色。四者紅色。其白色者地大偏多，其黑色者水大偏多，其赤色者火大偏多，其紅色者風大偏多。其雲去地或十里、二十里、三十里，至四十四千里，除劫初後時雲上至光音天。電有四種。云何為四？東方電名身光，南方電名難毀，西方電名流炎，北方電名定明。以何緣故，虛空雲中有此電光？有時身光與難毀相觸，有時身光與流炎相觸，有時身光與定明相觸，有時難毀與流炎相觸，有時難毀與定明相觸，有時流炎與定明相觸。以是緣故，虛空雲中有電光起。復有何緣，虛空雲有雷聲起？虛空中有時地大與水大相觸，有時地大與火大相觸，有時地大與風大相觸，有時水大與火大相觸，有時水大與風大相觸。以是緣故，虛空雲中有雷聲起。

「相師占雨有五因緣不可定知，使占者迷惑。云何為五？一者雲有雷電，占謂當雨，以火大多故，燒雲不雨，是為占師初迷惑緣。二者雲有雷電，占謂當雨，有大風起，吹雲四散，入諸山間，以此緣故，相師迷惑。三者雲有雷電，占謂當雨，時，大阿須倫接攬浮雲，置大海中，以此因緣，相師迷惑。四者雲有雷電，占謂當雨，而雲師、雨師放逸婬亂，竟不降雨，以此因緣，相師迷惑。五者雲有雷電，占謂當雨，而世間眾庶非法放逸，行不淨行，慳貪嫉妬，所見顛倒，故使天不降雨，以此因緣，相師迷惑。是為五因緣，相師占雨不可定知。」

## 佛說長阿含經卷第二十