維摩詰所說經諸法言品第五
Vimalakirti Sutra, Chapter 5: The Teaching on All Dharmas
佛復告文殊師利(漢言濡首):「汝詣維摩詰問疾。」
The Buddha then said to Manjushri (which means "Gentle Majesty" in Chinese), "Go visit Vimalakirti and ask about his illness."
文殊師利白佛言:「世尊!彼維摩詰雖優婆塞,入深法要,其德至淳,以辯才立,智不可稱,一切菩薩法式悉聞,諸佛藏處無不得入,進御眾魔降之以德,務行權慧非徒戲食。然,猶復求依佛住者,欲於其中開度十方。」於是,眾菩薩、大弟子、釋梵四天王皆念:「今得文殊師利與維摩詰二人共談,不亦具足大道說哉!」即時,八千菩薩、五百弟子、百千天人同意欲行。於是,文殊師利與諸菩薩大弟子,及諸天人眷屬圍遶,俱入維耶離大城。
Manjushri said to the Buddha: "World-Honored One, although that Vimalakirti is a lay follower, he has entered the profound essentials of the Dharma. His virtue is utterly pure, he stands firm through his eloquence, and his wisdom is beyond reckoning. He has heard all the practices of the Bodhisattvas, and there is no treasury of the Buddhas that he cannot enter. He advances against the armies of Mara and subdues them through virtue. He devotes himself to practicing skillful means and wisdom, not merely to idle enjoyment. Yet he still seeks to rely on the Buddha, wishing to open the way of liberation for the ten directions."
Then all the Bodhisattvas, the great disciples, and the gods of the Shakra and Brahma heavens with the four heavenly kings thought: "Now we can hear Manjushri and Vimalakirti converse together—will this not be a complete exposition of the great Path?" At once, eight thousand Bodhisattvas, five hundred disciples, and a hundred thousand gods and humans agreed and wished to go. Then Manjushri, together with the Bodhisattvas, the great disciples, and the heavenly beings and their attendants, surrounded and accompanied by them all, entered the great city of Vaishali.
長者維摩詰心念:「今文殊師利與大眾俱來,吾將立空室,合座為一座,以疾而臥。」文殊師利既入其舍,見其室空,除去所有,更寢一床。維摩詰言:「勞乎,文殊師利!不面在昔,辱來相見。」
The elder Vimalakirti thought to himself: "Now Manjushri is coming with the whole assembly. I will empty my room, and make it into a single seat, and lie down as if ill."
When Manjushri entered his room, he saw that the room was empty, with everything removed, and only a single bed remained.
Vimalakirti said: "You have worked hard, Manjushri! It has been long since we last met face to face; I am honored that you have come to see me."
文殊師利言:「如何,居士!忍斯種作疾,寧有損不至增乎?世尊慇懃致問無量,興起輕利遊步強耶?居士!是病何所正立?其生久如,當何時滅?」
Manjushri asked, "How are you, layman? Is your illness improving? I hope it is not getting worse but getting better. The World-Honored One sends his deepest regards and asks about you without measure. Are you recovering your strength and able to walk about? Layman, where does this illness stand? How long has it arisen, and when will it cease?"
維摩詰言:「是生久矣。從癡、有愛,則我病生。用一切人病,是故我病;若一切人得不病者,則我病滅。所以者何?欲建立眾人故,菩薩入生死為之病;使一切人皆得離病,則菩薩無復病。譬如長者有一子得疾。以其病故,父母諸父為之生疾;其子病愈,父母亦愈。菩薩如是,於一切人愛之若子。彼人病,我則病;彼不病,則不病。又言,菩薩病何所立?菩薩病者,以大悲立。」
文殊師利言:「何以空無供養?」
維摩詰言:「諸佛土與此舍,皆空如空。」
又問:「何謂為空?」
答曰:「空於空。」
又問:「解一為空?」
答曰:「空無與之,為空空。」
又問:「空復誰為?」
答曰:「思想者也,彼亦為空。」
又問:「空者當於何求?」
答曰:「空者當於六十二見中求。」
又問:「六十二見當於何求?」
答曰:「當於如來解脫中求。」
又問:「如來解脫者當於何求?」
答曰:「當於眾人意行中求。又仁所問:『何無供養?』一切眾魔皆是吾養,彼諸轉者亦吾養也。所以者何?魔行者受生死,生死者則菩薩養;彼轉者受諸見,菩薩於諸見不傾動。」
文殊師利言:「居士!所疾,為何等類?」
答曰:「仁者!我病不現不可見。」
又問:「云何是病?與身合?意合乎?」
答曰:「我病身合者,身為地;意合者,意為幻法。」
又問:「四種:地種、水種、火種、風種,何等種病?」
答曰:「是種者,一切人所習也。云何,文殊師利!菩薩觀諸疾意,又以何習於有疾菩薩?」
文殊師利言:「於非常身不以泥洹,常現不婬;在身有苦,不以泥洹安而喜之;現於非身為眾人導;身之空寂,不以永寂,為現本作。恒悲彼疾,不自計疾,以識宿命,導利人物,而無所惑,念善本修淨,命不望彼,常精進,為醫王滅眾病,是為菩薩能與疾者相習。」
文殊師利又問:「何謂菩薩有疾其意不亂?」
維摩詰言:「菩薩疾者,意知是前未近之罪,住欲處故,是病皆為不誠之思,在眾勞故。又,問疾者自於其法,都不可得。所以者何?如是病者,但倚四大。又此諸大,為都無主,是所倚亦無我。是病無我,專著兩無專著。得病本者,必知精進無我人想,為起法相。身為法數,法起則起,法滅則滅。法轉轉不相念、不相知,起者不言我起,滅者不言我滅。知法想者,將養其意,而無所住。若以法想,受報大止,已離病者,我不為是。何謂斷病?謂我作非我作悉斷。何謂是我作非我作斷?謂己自無欲。何謂己自無欲?謂內無習行。何謂內無習行?謂等不動不可動。何謂為等?謂我等泥洹等。所以者何?此二皆空。何名為空?所言為空。二者如是,凡聖道成,皆從平等,病亦不異。何謂所受亦空?謂已曉了不覺諸痛,不盡於痛,以取證際,如是二者為諸痛。長一切惡道已竟,近一切人興大悲哀,吾為眾人作自省法,觀以除其病而不除法,亦不除其本病所生,知其根本而為說法。何謂為本?謂始未然。未熾然者,則病之本。何謂不然?於三界而不然。其不然何用知?謂止心。止心者,以不得也,非不然也。何以不得?二見不得,謂內見、外見是無所得。此,文殊師利!為疾菩薩其意不亂,雖有老死,菩薩覺之。若不如是,己所修治為無惠利。譬如勝怨乃可為勇,如是兼除老死苦者,菩薩之謂也。菩薩若病,當作是觀:『如我此病非真非有,亦是眾人非真非有。』已觀如是,不墮妄見,以興大悲,彼必來者,為斷其勞,以合道意為彼大悲。所以者何?菩薩墮妄見,其大悲者,有數出生,不墮妄見。大悲菩薩不以數生,彼生為脫,為脫所墮,為脫出生,為脫受身。能為彼人說佛說法,是其誓也。如佛言曰:『其自安身,不解彼縛,不得是處;而自安身,又解彼縛,斯得是處。』故曰已脫菩薩其行不縛。何謂縛?何謂解?菩薩禪定以縛諸我,以道縛我。縛者,菩薩以善權生五道解彼受。菩薩無權執智縛,行權執智解,智不執權縛,智而執權解。彼何謂無權執智縛?謂以空、無相、不願之法生,不治相及佛國以化人,是無權執智之縛也。何謂行權執智解?謂修相及佛國開化人,而曉空、無相、不願之法生,是行權執智之解也。何謂智不執權縛?謂以見行勞望受,立修行一切德善之本,是智不執權之縛也。何謂智而執權解?謂斷諸見行勞望之受,以殖眾德之本,而分布此道,是智而執權之解也。彼有疾菩薩已如是下此法,設身有病,觀其無常、為苦、為空、為非身,是為智慧。又身所受,不以斷惡生死,善利人民,心合乎道,是為權行。又若身病知異同意,彼過非新,則觀其故,是為智慧。假使身病,不以都滅,所當起者,是為權行。是,文殊師利!為疾菩薩其意不亂,亦不高住。所以者何?若高住者,是愚人法;以卑住者,是弟子法。故菩薩住不高不卑,於其中無所處,是菩薩行;不凡夫行,不賢夫行,是菩薩行;在生死行,不為污行,是菩薩行;觀泥洹行,不依泥洹,是菩薩行;行於四魔,過諸魔行,是菩薩行;博學慧行,無不知時之行,是菩薩行;於四諦行,不以諦知行,是菩薩行;觀無生行,不謂難至,是菩薩行;在緣起行,於諸見而無欲,是菩薩行;在諸人眾無勞望行,是菩薩行;在閑居行,不盡身意,是菩薩行;於三界行,不壞法情,是菩薩行;為空無行,一切眾事清德皆行,是菩薩行;行六度無極,為眾人意行而度無極,是菩薩行;行六神通,不盡漏行,是菩薩行;受道之行,不興小道,是菩薩行;以止觀知魔行,不滅迹行,是菩薩行;於弟子緣一覺所不應不現行,不為毀佛法行,是菩薩行。」說是語時,八千天人發無上正真道意,文殊師利童子甚悅。
賢者舍利弗心念:「無床座,是菩薩大弟子當於何坐?」
維摩詰知其意,即謂言:「云何賢者,為法來耶?求床座也?」
舍利弗言:「居士!我為法來,非利所安。」
維摩詰言:「唯,賢者!其利法者,不貪軀命,何況床座。唯,舍利弗!夫利法者,非有色、痛、想、行、識求,非有陰、種、諸入之求,非有欲、色、無色之求。唯!舍利弗!夫求法者,不著佛求,不著法求,不著眾求。又,舍利弗!夫求法者,無知苦求,無斷習求,無造盡證惟道之求。所以者何?法無放逸,有放逸法,當知苦習,當為盡證以惟致道;斯求法者,無放逸之求也法。舍利弗!無有塵、離婬塵,其染污者,即為在邊;斯求法者,無婬樂之求也法。舍利弗!無有壃界,在壃界者,則有分數;斯求法者,無壃界之求也。法無不淨,在不淨者,於法有取有放;斯求法者,無取放之求也。法無巢窟,有法者則為有窟;斯求法者,無窟倚之求也。法無有想,在占想者,則為堅識;斯求法者,無占想之求也。法無有漏,在流法者,為一切近;斯求法者,無一切之求也。法無見聞、無念、無知,於法有見聞念知者,則為已別;斯求法者,為無見聞之求也。是故,舍利弗!求法者,一切法唯無求也。」說是語時,五百天人諸法法眼生。