仁王般若波羅蜜護國經菩薩教化品第三
Benevolent Kings Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Bodhisattva Teaching Chapter 3
白佛言:「世尊!護十地行菩薩云何行可行?云何行化眾生?以何相眾生可化?」佛言:「大王!五忍是菩薩法:伏忍上中下、信忍上中下、順忍上中下、無生忍上中下、寂滅忍上下,名為諸佛菩薩修般若波羅蜜。
The deva asked the Buddha, "World-Honored One! How should bodhisattvas who uphold the practice of the ten stages conduct themselves? How should they go about transforming sentient beings? By what signs can sentient beings be transformed?"
The Buddha replied, "Great King! The five kinds of patience are the bodhisattva's practice: the patience of subduing (upper, middle, and lower), the patience of faith (upper, middle, and lower), the patience of compliance (upper, middle, and lower), the patience of birthlessness (upper, middle, and lower), and the patience of tranquil cessation (upper and lower). These are what all buddhas and bodhisattvas cultivate as the perfection of wisdom."
「善男子!初發想信,恒河沙眾生修行伏忍,於三寶中生習種性十心:信心、精進心、念心、慧心、定心、施心、戒心、護心、願心、迴向心。是為菩薩能少分化眾生,已超過二乘一切善地。一切諸佛菩薩長養十心為聖胎也。
"Good man! When beginners first develop faith and aspire, countless beings—as numerous as the sands of the Ganges—practice restraint and patience. They cultivate ten minds within the seed-nature stage of the Three Jewels: the mind of faith, the mind of diligence, the mind of mindfulness, the mind of wisdom, the mind of concentration, the mind of generosity, the mind of ethical discipline, the mind of protection, the mind of aspiration, and the mind of dedication. This is how a bodhisattva can begin to guide beings, already surpassing all the virtuous grounds of the two lesser vehicles. All Buddhas and bodhisattvas nurture these ten minds as the sacred embryo."
「次第起乾慧性種性有十心,所謂四意止,身受心法,不淨、苦、無常、無我也;三意止;三善根,慈、施、慧也。三意止,所謂三世,過去因忍、現在因果忍、未來果忍。是菩薩亦能化一切眾生,已能過我人知見眾生等想,及外道倒想所不能壞。
"Gradually, one develops the nature of dry wisdom and the seed-nature, which comprises ten minds: the four foundations of mindfulness—contemplating the body, feelings, mind, and mental objects—seeing them as impure, suffering, impermanent, and without self; the three mindfulnesses; and the three wholesome roots—loving-kindness, giving, and wisdom. The three mindfulnesses refer to the three times: past causes with patience, present causes and effects with patience, and future effects with patience. Such a bodhisattva can also transform all sentient beings, having already transcended notions of self, others, and beings, and cannot be undermined by the distorted views of externalists."
「復有十道種性地,所謂觀色識想受行,得戒忍、知見忍、定忍、慧忍、解脫忍;觀三界因果,空忍、無願忍、無想忍;觀二諦虛實,一切法無常,名無常忍;一切法空,得無生忍。是菩薩十堅心作轉輪王,亦能化四天下,生一切眾生善根。
Furthermore, there are ten stages of the seed-nature path. They are: observing form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness, thereby attaining the patience of precepts, the patience of knowledge and insight, the patience of concentration, the patience of wisdom, and the patience of liberation; observing the causes and effects within the three realms, attaining the patience of emptiness, the patience of wishlessness, and the patience of signlessness; observing the true and conventional truths as they truly are — all phenomena are impermanent, known as the patience of impermanence; all phenomena are empty, attaining the patience of non-arising. A bodhisattva with these ten steadfast minds becomes a wheel-turning king, able to guide the four continents and foster the roots of goodness in all beings.
「又信忍菩薩,所謂善、達、明、中行者,斷三界色煩惱縛,能化百佛千佛萬佛國中,現百身千身萬身,神通無量功德,常以十五心為首:四攝法、四無量心、四弘願、三解脫門。是菩薩從善地至於薩婆若,以此十五心為一切行根本種子。
"Moreover, the Bodhisattva of Faith and Patience—known as the one who practices skillfully, reaches understanding, attains clarity, and walks the middle path—has severed the bonds of form and afflictions within the Three Realms. They are able to manifest across lands of a hundred, a thousand, or ten thousand Buddhas, appearing in a hundred, a thousand, or ten thousand forms. Their miraculous powers and virtues are immeasurable. They always uphold the fifteen minds as the foundation: the four methods of gathering, the four immeasurable states of mind, the four great vows, and the three gates of liberation. From the stage of goodness to ultimate awakening, this Bodhisattva regards these fifteen minds as the essential seeds for all practices."
「又順忍菩薩所謂見勝現法,能斷三界心等煩惱縛故,現一身於十方佛國中無量不可說神通化眾生。
「又無生忍菩薩所謂遠不動觀慧,亦斷三界心色等煩惱習故,現不可說不可說功德神通。
「復次,寂滅忍,佛與菩薩同用此忍入金剛三昧。下忍中行名為菩薩,上忍中行名為薩婆若,共觀第一義諦,斷三界心習,無明盡相為金剛,盡相無相為薩婆若,超度世諦第一義諦之外,為第十一地薩婆若。覺非有非無,湛然清淨,常住不變,同真際,等法性,無緣大悲,教化一切眾生,乘薩婆若乘來化三界。
「善男子!一切眾生煩惱不出三界藏,一切眾生果報二十二根不出三界,諸佛應化法身亦不出三界。三界外無眾生,佛何所化?是故我言,三界外別有一眾生界藏者,外道大有經中說,非七佛之所說。
「大王!我常語:一切眾生斷三界煩惱果報盡者,名為佛;自性清淨名覺薩婆若性。眾生本業,是諸佛菩薩本業,本所修行,五忍中十四忍具足。」
白佛言:「云何菩薩本業清淨化眾生?」佛言:「從一地乃至後一地,自所行處及佛行處,一切知見故。本業者,若菩薩住百佛國中,作閻浮四天王,修百法門,二諦平等心化一切眾生;若菩薩住千佛國中,作忉利天王,修千法門,十善道化一切眾生;若菩薩住十萬佛國中,作炎天王,修十萬法門,四禪定化一切眾生;若菩薩住百億佛國中,作兜率天王,修百億法門,行道品化一切眾生;若菩薩住千億佛國中,作化樂天王,修千億法門,二諦四諦八諦化一切眾生;若菩薩住十萬億佛國中,作他化天王,修十萬億法門,十二因緣智化一切眾生;若菩薩住百萬億佛國中,作初禪王,修百萬億法門,方便智願智化一切眾生;若菩薩住百萬微塵數佛國中,作二禪梵王,修百萬微塵數法門,雙照方便神通智化一切眾生;若菩薩住百萬億阿僧祇微塵數佛國中,作三禪大梵王,修百萬億阿僧祇微塵數法門,以四無礙智化一切眾生;若菩薩住不可說不可說佛國中,作第四禪大靜天王三界主,修不可說不可說法門,得理盡三昧,同佛行處,盡三界原,教化一切眾生,如佛境界。是故一切菩薩本業化行清淨,若十方諸如來亦修是業,登薩婆若果,作三界王,化一切無量眾生。」
爾時,百萬億恒河沙大眾,各從座起,散無量不可思議華,燒無量不可思議香,供養釋迦牟尼佛及無量大菩薩,合掌聽波斯匿王說般若波羅蜜,今於佛前以偈歎曰:
「世尊導師金剛體, 心行寂滅轉法輪,
八辯洪音為眾說, 時眾得道百億萬。
時六天人出家道, 成比丘眾菩薩行,
五忍功德妙法門, 十四正士能諦了,
三賢十聖忍中行, 唯佛一人能盡原,
佛眾法海三寶藏, 無量功德攝在中。
十善菩薩發大心, 長別三界苦輪海,
中下品善粟散王, 上品十善鐵輪王,
習種銅輪二天下, 銀輪三天性種性,
道種堅德轉輪王, 七寶金光四天下。
伏忍聖胎三十人, 十信十止十堅心,
三世諸佛於中行, 無不由此伏忍生。
一切菩薩行本原, 是故發心信心難,
若得信心必不退, 進入無生初地道,
教化眾生覺中行, 是名菩薩初發心。
善覺菩薩四天王, 雙照二諦平等道,
權化眾生遊百國, 始登一乘無相道。
入理般若名為住, 住生德行名為地,
初住一心足德行, 於第一義而不動。
離達開士忉利王, 現形六道千國土,
無緣無相第三諦, 無無無生無二照。
明慧空照炎天王, 應形萬國導群生,
忍心無二三諦中, 出有入無變化生。
善覺離明三道人, 能滅三界色煩惱,
還觀三界身口色, 法性第一無遺照。
炎慧妙光大精進, 兜率天王遊億國,
實智緣寂方便道, 達無生照空有了。
勝慧三諦自達明, 化樂天王百億國,
空空諦觀無二相, 變化六道入無間。
法現開士自在王, 無二無照達理空,
三諦現前大智光, 照千億土教一切。
焰勝法現無相定, 能洗三界迷心惑,
空慧寂然無緣觀, 還觀心空無量報。
遠達無生初禪王, 常萬億土教眾生,
未度報身一生在, 進入等觀法流地。
始入無緣金剛忍, 三界報形永不受,
觀第三義無二照, 二十一生空寂行。
三界愛習順道定, 遠達正士獨諦了,
等觀菩薩二禪王, 變生法身無量光。
入百恒土化一切, 圓照三世恒劫事,
返照樂虛無盡原, 於第三諦常寂然。
慧光開士三禪王, 能於千恒一時現,
常在無為空寂行, 恒沙佛藏一念了。
灌頂菩薩四禪王, 於億恒土化群生,
始入金剛一切了, 二十九生永已度。
寂滅忍中下忍觀, 一轉妙覺常湛然,
等慧灌頂三品士, 除前餘習無明緣。
無明習相故煩惱, 二諦理窮一切盡,
圓智無相三界王, 三十生盡等大覺。
大寂無為金剛藏, 一切報盡無極悲,
第一義諦常安隱, 窮原盡性妙智存。
三賢十聖住果報, 唯佛一人居淨土,
一切眾生暫住報, 登金剛原居淨土。
如來三業德無極, 我今月光禮三寶,
法王無上人中樹, 覆蓋大眾無量光。
口常說法非無義, 心智寂滅無緣照,
人中師子為眾說, 大眾歡喜散金華。
百億萬土六大動, 含生之類受妙報,
天尊快說十四王, 是故我今略歎佛。」
時諸大眾聞月光王歎十四王無量功德藏,得大法利,即於坐中,有十恒河沙天王,十恒河沙梵王,十恒河沙鬼神王,乃至三趣得無生法忍;八部阿須輪王現轉鬼身,天上受道,三生入正位者,或四生五生乃至十生得入正位,證聖人性,得一切無量報。
佛告諸得道果實天眾:「善男子!是月光王已於過去十千劫中,龍光王佛法中,為四住開士,我為八住菩薩。今於我前大師子吼。如是,如是!如汝所言,得真義說,不可思議,不可度量,唯佛與佛,乃知斯事。
「善男子!其所說十四般若波羅蜜,三忍地地上中下三十忍,一切行藏一切佛藏不可思議。何以故?一切諸佛是中生,是中滅,是中化,無生無滅無化,無自無他,第一無二,非化非不化,非相非無相,無來無去,如虛空故。一切眾生無生無滅,無縛解,非因非果,非不因果,煩惱我人知見受者我所者,一切苦受行空故。一切法集,幻化五陰,無合無散,法同法性,寂然空故。法境界空,空、無相,不轉、不顛倒、不順幻化,無三寶、無聖人、無六道,如虛空故。般若無知無見,不行不緣,不因不受,不得一切照相故,行道斯行道相如虛空故。法相如是,何可有心得、無心得?是以般若功德,不可眾生中行而行,不可五陰法中行而行,不可境中行而行,不可解中行而行。是故般若不可思議,而一切諸佛菩薩於中行,故亦不可思議。一切諸如來於幻化無住法中化,亦不可思議。
「善男子!此功德藏,假使無量恒河沙第十三灌頂開士說是功德,百千億分中,如王所說如海一渧。我今略述分義功德,有大利益一切眾生,亦為過去來今無量諸如來之所述可。三賢十聖讚歎無量,是月光王分義功德。
「善男子!是十四法門,三世一切眾生、一切三乘、一切諸佛之所修集,未來諸佛亦復如是。若一切諸佛菩薩不由此門得薩婆若者,無有是處。何以故?一切佛及菩薩無異路故。是故一切諸善男子,若有人聞諸忍法門:信忍、止忍、堅忍、善覺忍、離達忍、明慧忍、焰慧忍、勝慧忍、法現忍、遠達忍、等覺忍、慧光忍、灌頂忍、圓覺忍者,是人超過百劫千劫無量恒河沙生生苦難,入此法門,現身得報。」
時諸眾中有十億,同名虛空藏海菩薩,歡喜法樂,各各散華於虛空中,變成無量華臺,上有無量大眾,說十四正行。十八梵、六欲天王,亦散寶華,各坐虛空臺上,說十四正行,受持讀誦,解其義理。無量諸鬼神,現身修行般若波羅蜜。
佛告大王:「汝先言:『云何眾生相可化?』若以幻化身見幻化者,是菩薩真行化眾生。眾生識初一念識異木石,生得善、生得惡,惡為無量惡識本,善為無量善識本。初一念金剛終一念,於中生不可說不可說識,成眾生色心是眾生根本。色名色蓋,心名識蓋、想蓋、受蓋、行蓋。蓋者陰覆為用,身名積聚。
「大王!此一色法生無量色:眼所得為色,耳所得為聲,鼻所得為香,舌得為味,身得為觸,堅持名地,水名潤,火名熱,輕動名風;生五識處名根。如是一色一心有不可思議色心。
「大王!凡夫六識麤故,得假名青黃方圓等無量假色法;聖人六識淨故,得實法色香味觸一切實色法。眾生者,世諦之名也。若有若無,但生眾生憶念,名為世諦。世諦假誑幻化故有,乃至六道幻化,眾生見幻化,幻化見幻化,婆羅門、剎利、毘舍、首陀,神我等色心,名為幻諦,幻諦法無。佛未出世前,無名字,無義名;幻法幻化,無名字,無體相,無三界名字,無善惡果報六道名字。
「大王!是故佛佛出現於世,為眾生故,說作三界六道名字。是名無量名字,如空法、四大法、心法、色法。相續假法,非一非異,一亦不續,異亦不續,非一非異故,名相續諦。相待假法,一切名相待,亦名不定相待,如五色等法,有無一切等法。一切法皆緣成,假成眾生,俱時因果,異時因果,三世善惡,一切幻化,是幻諦眾生。
「大王!若菩薩如上所見眾生幻化,皆是假誑,如空中華,十住菩薩諸佛五眼,如幻諦而見,菩薩化眾生為若此。」
說此法時,有無量天子及諸大眾得伏忍者,得空無生忍,乃至一地十地不可說德行。