---
title: "賢愚經 · 29 散檀寧品"
description: "賢愚經是北魏時期由慧覺等高僧共同翻譯編纂的一部佛教經典，屬於本緣部典籍。該經成書於5世紀，收錄了大量佛教故事，通過賢者與愚者的對比，闡述因果業報、修行解脫等佛教核心教義。全經分為十三卷，內容包含佛陀本生故事、弟子因緣及民間佛教傳說，語言通俗易懂，具有濃厚的民間文學色彩。作為漢傳佛教重要經典，賢愚經不僅是研究北魏佛教傳播的重要文獻，也對後世佛教文學、藝術產生了深遠影響，在佛教通俗教化中佔有獨特地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm9gs11sq029qhd0wzuk5mymo"
---

### （三〇）散檀寧品第二十九丹本為二十七

> Ban Tan Ning Chapter 29

如是我聞：

> Thus I have heard:

一時佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。爾時世尊與諸弟子千二百五十人俱。爾時國中有五百乞兒，常依如來，隨逐眾僧，乞匃自活，經歷年歲，厭心內發，而作是言：「我等諸人雖蒙僧福得延餘命，苦事猶多。」咸作是念：「我等今者寧可從佛求索出家。」共詣佛所，於是眾人即共白佛：「如來出世甚為難遇，我等諸人生在下賤，蒙尊遺恩，濟活身命，既受殊養，貪得出家，不審世尊寧可得不？」

> Once, the Buddha was staying in the Jeta Grove, in the garden of Anathapindika, near the city of Shravasti. At that time, the World-Honored One was accompanied by a community of twelve hundred and fifty disciples. In the city, there were five hundred beggars who constantly followed the Tathagata and the monastic community, living by begging. As years passed, they grew weary of their condition. They said to one another, "Although we have been able to stay alive thanks to the blessings of the monastic community, we still endure much hardship." They then thought, "Perhaps we should approach the Buddha and ask to become monastics." So they went together to the place where the Buddha was and spoke to him: "World-Honored One, it is extremely rare for a Tathagata to appear in the world. We were born into lowly circumstances, yet through your compassionate grace, we have received the gift of life. Having been so generously sustained, we now earnestly wish to leave home and ordain. Is it possible for us to do so?"

爾時世尊告諸乞兒：「我法清淨，無有貴賤，譬如淨水洗諸不淨，若貴若賤，若好若醜，若男若女，水之所洗，無不淨者；又復如火，所至之處，山河石壁、天地所有，無大無小，一切萬物，其被燒者，無不燋燃；又復我法猶如虛空，男女大小，貧富貴賤，有入中者，隨意自恣。」

> At that time, the World-Honored One told the beggars: "My teaching is pure, with no distinctions of high or low. It is like pure water that washes away all impurities—whether noble or humble, good-looking or ugly, man or woman—nothing it washes remains unclean. It is also like fire, which wherever it reaches, burns mountains, rivers, stone walls, and everything in heaven and earth, great or small; nothing it touches fails to be consumed. Furthermore, my teaching is like space: men and women, young and old, rich and poor, noble and lowly—whoever enters it can freely enjoy themselves as they wish."

時諸乞兒聞佛所說，普皆歡喜，信心倍隆，歸誠向佛，求索入道。世尊告曰：「善來比丘！」鬚髮自墮，法衣在身，沙門形相於是具足。佛為說法，心開意解，即盡諸漏，成阿羅漢。

> At that time, all the beggars heard what the Buddha said, and were filled with joy. Their faith grew stronger, and they sincerely turned to the Buddha, seeking to enter the path of practice. The World-Honored One said to them, "Welcome, monks!" Instantly, their hair and beards fell away, Dharma robes appeared on their bodies, and they were fully endowed with the appearance of a monastic. The Buddha then taught them the Dharma. Their minds opened and they understood, and with that, all their defilements were eradicated, and they became Arhats.

於時國中，諸豪長者、庶民之等，聞諸乞兒佛聽入道，皆興慢心，而作是言：「云何如來聽此乞匃下賤之人在眾僧次？我等諸人儻修福業，請佛、眾僧供養食時，奈何令此下賤之徒坐我床席、捉我食器？」

> At that time, when the wealthy elders and ordinary people of the land heard that the beggars had been allowed by the Buddha to join the monastic order, they all became arrogant and said, "How can the Tathagata permit these lowly beggars to be counted among the monks? When we, out of our devotion to merit-making, invite the Buddha and the Sangha for a meal offering, how could we allow these base people to sit on our seats and handle our eating vessels?"

爾時太子名曰祇陀，施設供具，請佛及僧，遣使白佛：「唯願世尊明受我請，及比丘僧！」因令白佛：「所度乞兒作比丘者，我不請之，慎勿將來！」佛便受請。

> At that time, a prince named Jeta prepared offerings and invited the Buddha and his monastic community. He sent a messenger to inform the Buddha, "I earnestly invite the World-Honored One and all the monks to accept my offerings tomorrow." Then he also instructed the messenger to tell the Buddha, "Do not bring along any beggars you have ordained as monks. I do not invite them." The Buddha accepted the invitation.

明日食時，佛及眾僧當應請時，告諸乞兒比丘：「吾等受請，汝不及例，今可往至欝多羅越取自然成熟粳米，還至其家，隨意坐次，自食粳米。」時諸比丘如命，即以羅漢神足往彼世界，各各自取，滿鉢還來，攝持威儀，自隨次第乘虛而來，如鴈王飛，至祇陀家，隨次而坐，各各自食。於時太子覩眾比丘威儀進止、神足福德，敬心歡喜，歎未曾有，而白佛言：「不審，世尊！此諸聖賢大德之眾，威神巍巍，眾相具足，為從何方而來至此？甚可欽敬，唯願如來今當為我說其徒眾本末因緣！」

> Once the mealtime arrived the next day, when the Buddha and his assembly of monks were about to accept the offering, he told the monks who had formerly been beggars: "We have been invited, but you are not included in this invitation. You may now go to the realm of Uttarakuru, gather naturally matured rice, return to \[Jeta's\] home, take your seats as you wish, and eat the rice yourselves." Following this instruction, those monks used their arhat supernatural powers to travel to that world. Each filled their own bowl and returned. Maintaining dignified deportment, they filed in order, soaring through the sky like a flock of geese, arriving at Jeta's home. They then took their seats in sequence and each ate their own rice. At that time, the prince beheld the majestic deportment, the supernatural powers, and the merits of these monks. His mind was filled with reverence and joy, and he declared that he had never seen anything like this. He then addressed the Buddha: "World-Honored One, please tell me: This assembly of great saints and virtuous ones possesses overwhelming spiritual majesty and is endowed with all excellent marks. From what realms have they come here? They are truly worthy of veneration and respect. I wish that the Tathagata would now explain to me the origins and circumstances of these disciples."

佛告祇陀：「汝若欲知者，善思聽之！當為汝說。此諸比丘正是昨日所不請者。吾及眾僧向者欲來應太子請，此諸比丘以不請故，往欝多越取自然粳米而自食之。」爾時祇陀聞說是語，極懷慚愧，懊惱自嘖：「我何愚蔽，不別明闇！」又復言曰：「世尊功德難可思議，此諸乞兒於此國中最為下賤，今日乃得稟受清化，最蒙洪潤，既受現世安樂身福，復獲永世無為之樂。如來今日所以出世，但為此輩，更不存餘。又復，世尊！不審此徒往古世時，種何善行，修何功德，今值世尊特蒙殊潤？復造何咎，從生已來，乞匃自活，困苦乃爾？世尊慈愍，幸見開示！」

> The Buddha said to Prince Jeta, "If you wish to know, listen carefully and think well, for I will explain it to you. These monks are precisely the ones who were not invited yesterday. When the Sangha and I were about to come and accept your invitation, these monks, because they were not invited, went to the northern continent of Uttarakuru, retrieved naturally grown rice, and ate it themselves." At that time, Prince Jeta, upon hearing these words, felt deeply ashamed. He reproached himself with remorse, saying, "How could I have been so ignorant and foolish, unable to distinguish the wise from the unwise?" He then added, "The virtuous merit of the World-Honored One is truly inconceivable! These beggars, who are the most lowly in this country, have now received your pure teachings and have been greatly blessed. They have both gained the happiness and good fortune of this present life and attained the enduring peace of liberation in the future. It is precisely for such beings that the Tathāgata has appeared in this world, and for no other reason. Moreover, World-Honored One, may I ask: in what wholesome deeds did these people engage in past lives, and what merit did they cultivate, that they now encounter you and receive such special grace? What faults did they commit, that from birth they have lived as beggars, enduring such hardship? In your compassion, please enlighten me!"

佛告之曰：「若欲知者，宜善聽之！吾當為汝具足解說如是本末。」「諾！當善聽。」爾時世尊便告祇陀：「過去久遠無量無數不可思議阿僧祇劫，此閻浮提有一大國，名波羅奈。國有一山，名曰利師晉言仙山，古昔諸佛多住其中；若無佛時，有辟支佛依其住止；假使復無辟支佛時，有諸五通學仙之徒復依止住，終無空廢。

> The Buddha said to him, “If you wish to understand, listen well! I shall explain the entire matter to you in full detail.” “Yes, I will listen carefully.” At that time, the World-Honored One spoke to Prince Jeta: “In the distant past, countless, incalculable, inconceivable eons ago, there was a great kingdom in this Jambudvipa called Varanasi. Within this kingdom there was a mountain named Lishi <note>(Explanatory note: known as 'Immortal Mountain' in the Jin language)</note>. In ancient times, many Buddhas dwelled there. When there was no Buddha, Pratyekabuddhas would take up residence on it. And if there were no Pratyekabuddhas either, learned practitioners with the five supernatural powers would also stay there. It was never left empty or abandoned.

「爾時山中有辟支佛二千餘人恒止其中。於時彼國有火星現，是其惡災。此星已現，十二年中，國當乾旱，無有天雨，不得種植，國必破矣。是時國內有一長者，名散陀寧，其家巨富，財穀無量，恒設供具給諸道士。

> At that time, there were over two thousand Pratyekabuddhas dwelling in the mountains. Meanwhile, a falling star appeared in that country, a sign of great misfortune. Once this star appeared, the nation would suffer drought for twelve years—no rain would fall, crops could not be planted, and the country would surely be ruined. At that time, there was a wealthy elder named Santuoning in the land. His family was extremely rich, possessing boundless wealth and grain, and he constantly provided offerings to support all the practitioners.

「時千快士往至其家，求索供養，而作是言：『我等諸人住在彼山，值國枯旱，乞食叵得，長者若能供我食者，當住於此；若不見與，當至餘方。』長者於時即問藏監：『今我藏中所有穀米足供此諸大士食不？吾欲請之。』藏監對曰：『唯願時請，所有穀食饒多足供。』長者即請千辟支佛飯食供養。

> \`At that time, a thousand Worthies came to his home, seeking offerings, and said, "We reside in those mountains abroad, and the country has been afflicted by a severe drought, making it impossible for us to obtain alms. If the elder is able to provide us with food, we will remain here; if not, we will travel elsewhere." The elder then asked his steward: "Is there enough grain and rice in our granaries to feed these reverent beings? I wish to invite them." The steward replied, "Please, by all means invite them; we have grain and rice in abundance, more than enough to sustain them." Thereupon, the elder invited the thousand Pratyekabuddhas to partake in meals and offerings.\`

「彼殘千人復詣其家，亦求供養。長者復問其藏監曰：『卿所典藏穀食多少？更有千人亦欲設供，足能辦不？』其藏監言：『所典穀食，想必足矣，若欲設供，宜可時請。』於時長者即便請之，差五百使人供設飯食。時諸使人執作食具，經積年歲，厭心便生，並作是說：『我等諸人所以辛苦皆由此諸乞兒之等。』

> That same group of a thousand people also went to the elder's home, asking for alms. The elder asked his storehouse keeper, "How much grain do you have in your care? A thousand more people have come seeking offerings. Can we provide for them?" The storehouse keeper replied, "I believe we have enough grain in storage. If you wish to make offerings, you may invite them at your convenience." So the elder invited them and assigned five hundred servants to prepare the meals. As these servants worked day after day preparing food, year after year passed, and they grew weary. They began to complain, saying, "All this hardship we endure is because of these beggars."

「爾時長者恒令一人知白時到。時此使人養一狗子，若往白時，狗子逐往，日日如是。爾時使人卒值一日，忘不往白，狗子時到，獨往常處，向諸大士高聲而吠。諸辟支佛聞其狗吠，即知來請，便至其家如法受食。因白長者：『天今當雨，宜可種殖。』長者如言，即令諸作人齎持作器，勤力耕種，大麥、小麥、一切食穀悉皆種之。經數時間，所種之物盡變為瓠。長者見已，怪而問之，諸大士曰：『此事無苦，但勤加功，隨時溉灌。』如言勤灌，其後成熟，諸瓠皆大，復加繁盛，即劈看之，隨所種物成治淨好，麥滿其中。長者歡喜，合家藏積，其家滿溢，復分親族，合國一切咸蒙恩澤。

> At that time, the elder always had a person announce the mealtime. This person kept a dog, and whenever he went to announce the time, the dog would follow him—this happened day after day. One day, the person suddenly forgot to go announce the time. The dog, as usual, went to the usual place by itself and barked loudly at the great practitioners. Hearing the dog's bark, the Pratyekabuddhas understood they were being invited. They went to the elder’s house and partook of the meal as was proper. Then they said to the elder, "It is going to rain soon, so you should plant your crops." Acting on their words, the elder had his workers bring their tools and diligently plowed and planted. They sowed barley, wheat, and all kinds of food grains. After some time, everything they had planted turned into gourds. When the elder saw this, he was puzzled and asked the great practitioners about it. They said, "There is no need to worry about this. Just work hard, and water and irrigate the crops at the proper times." Following their advice, the elder diligently watered the plants. When they ripened, the gourds grew huge and abundant. Then the elder split them open to see and found that each held the precise grain that had been planted, clean and perfectly formed, filled with grains of wheat. The elder was overjoyed. His entire family stored the harvest, and their storehouses overflowed. They also shared the surplus with relatives, and everyone in the whole kingdom received its blessings.

「是時五百作食之人念言：『斯之所獲果實之報，將由斯等大士之恩，我等云何惡言向彼？』即往其所，請求改悔。大士聽之，悔過已竟，復立誓言：『願使我等於將來世遭值賢聖，蒙得解脫。』由此之故，五百世中常作乞兒；因其改悔，復立誓故，今遭我世，蒙得過度。

「太子！當知爾時大富散檀寧者，豈異人乎？我身是也；時藏臣者，今須達是也；日日往白時到人者，優填王是；時狗子者，由其吠故，世世好音，美音長者是也；爾時五百作食之人，今此五百阿羅漢是也。」

> "Prince, you should know: Was the wealthy man Santana someone else at that time? It was me. The minister in charge of the treasury was Sudatta. The person who came daily to announce the time was King Udayana. The dog—because it barked—was reborn life after life with a beautiful voice and became the elder with the fine voice. And the five hundred cooks from back then are now these five hundred Arhats."

爾時祇陀及眾會者覩其神變，感佛功德，剋心精勤，有得初果及第四果者，復有專修快士行者，復有興心求佛道者，各各精勤，求遂本心，歡喜踊躍，頂戴奉行。

> At that time, Jeta and all those assembled witnessed these divine transformations. Moved by the Buddha's virtues and merits, they refined their minds and practiced with diligence. Some attained the first stage of enlightenment, while others reached the fourth stage. Some devoted themselves to cultivating noble conduct, and others awakened the aspiration to seek Buddhahood. Each one, in their own way, dedicated themselves earnestly, striving to fulfill their heart's longing. Filled with joy and elation, they reverently received and upheld the teachings, putting them into practice.

## 賢愚經卷第五

> Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish, Volume 5