---
title: "摩訶般若波羅蜜經 · 13 金剛品"
description: "摩诃般若波罗蜜经是后秦时期著名译经大师鸠摩罗什翻译的大乘佛教重要经典，属于般若类经典的核心文献。该经成书于公元5世纪初，罗什在长安逍遥园译场主持翻译，系统阐述了大乘佛教空性思想与菩萨修行法门。经文以般若智慧为核心，详细论述诸法空相、无所得等深奥义理，强调通过般若波罗蜜多可达究竟涅槃。作为大乘佛教根本经典之一，该经对中国佛教天台宗、三论宗等宗派形成产生深远影响，是研究大乘空观思想的重要依据，在汉传佛教中具有崇高地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm9smgnn612ill00vtl4ohyns"
---

### 摩訶般若波羅蜜經金剛品第十三丹本云摩訶薩品

> Chapter 13: The Diamond of Great Perfection of Wisdom

爾時須菩提白佛言：「世尊！何以故名為摩訶薩？」

> At that time, Subhuti said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One, why are they called Great Beings?"

佛告須菩提：「是菩薩於必定眾中為上首，是故名摩訶薩。」

> The Buddha said to Subhuti: "This bodhisattva is the foremost among those who are certain to attain enlightenment. Therefore, he is called a Great Being."

須菩提白佛言：「世尊！何等為必定眾，是菩薩摩訶薩而為上首？」

> Subhuti said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One! What is the assembly of those who are certain \[to attain enlightenment\], with this great bodhisattva-mahāsattva as their foremost?"

佛告須菩提：「必定眾者，性地人八人，須陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢、辟支佛，初發心菩薩乃至阿惟越致地菩薩。須菩提！是為必定眾菩薩為上首。菩薩摩訶薩於是中生大心，不可壞如金剛，當為必定眾作上首。」

> The Buddha said to Subhuti: "Those destined for enlightenment include the stable-minded ones—the eight types of individuals—Stream-Enterers, Once-Returners, Non-Returners, Arhats, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas from their first awakening of the mind up to the stage of non-retrogression. Subhuti, among these destined beings, Bodhisattvas stand as the foremost. A great Bodhisattva, upon hearing this, stirs up a heart as indestructible as diamond, vowing to become the leader of all destined beings."

須菩提白佛言：「世尊！何等是菩薩摩訶薩生大心，不可壞如金剛？」

> Subhuti said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One! What is the great mind of a Bodhisattva-Mahasattva that cannot be shattered, like a diamond?"

佛告須菩提：「菩薩摩訶薩應生如是心：『我當於無量生死中大誓莊嚴，我應當捨一切所有，我應當等心於一切眾生，我應當以三乘度脫一切眾生，令入無餘涅槃。我度一切眾生已，無有乃至一人入涅槃者。我應當解一切諸法不生相，我應當純以薩婆若心行六波羅蜜，我應當學智慧了達一切法，我應當了達諸法一相智門，我應當了達乃至無量相智門。』須菩提！是名菩薩摩訶薩生大心，不可壞如金剛。是菩薩摩訶薩住是心中，於諸必定眾而為上首，是法用無所得故。須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩應生如是心：『我當代十方一切眾生，若地獄眾生、若畜生眾生、若餓鬼眾生，受苦痛，為一一眾生無量百千億劫代受地獄中苦，乃至是眾生入無餘涅槃。以是法故，為是眾生受諸懃苦。是眾生入無餘涅槃已，然後自種善根，無量百千億阿僧祇劫當得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。』須菩提！是為菩薩摩訶薩生大心，不可壞如金剛，住是心中為必定眾作上首。復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩生大快心，住是大快心中為必定眾作上首。」

> The Buddha told Subhūti: "A great bodhisattva should generate this kind of mind: 'I will make a great vow through countless lives and deaths, I should give up everything I have, I should treat all beings with an equal mind, I should liberate all beings through the three vehicles and lead them into final nirvāṇa. Yet after I have liberated all beings, not even one person has actually entered nirvāṇa. I should understand that all phenomena are unborn in nature, I should purely practice the six perfections with the mind of all-knowing wisdom, I should learn wisdom to fully understand all phenomena, I should understand the gate of wisdom that sees all phenomena as one mark, and I should understand even the gate of wisdom that sees infinite marks.' Subhūti! This is called a great bodhisattva generating a great mind that is indestructible like a diamond. Dwelling in this mind, the great bodhisattva becomes the foremost leader among those destined for liberation—and this is achieved through non-attachment. Subhūti! A great bodhisattva should also generate this kind of mind: 'I will take upon myself the suffering of all beings in the ten directions—whether beings in hell, beings in the animal realm, or beings in the realm of hungry ghosts. For each one, I will endure the pains of hell for countless hundreds of thousands of billions of eons, until those beings enter final nirvāṇa. For the sake of this teaching, I will undergo all kinds of hardships for those beings. Only after those beings have entered final nirvāṇa will I then plant my own roots of virtue, and after countless hundreds of thousands of billions of eons beyond measure, I will attain ultimate enlightenment.' Subhūti! This is also called a great bodhisattva generating a great mind that is indestructible like a diamond—dwelling in this mind, he becomes the foremost leader among those destined for liberation. Furthermore, Subhūti! A great bodhisattva generates a greatly joyous mind, and dwelling in this joyous mind, he becomes the foremost leader among those destined for liberation."

須菩提白佛言：「世尊！何等是菩薩摩訶薩大快心？」

> Subhuti said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One! What is the great joyful mind of a Bodhisattva-Mahasattva?"

佛言：「菩薩摩訶薩從初發意乃至阿耨多羅三藐三菩提，不生染心、瞋恚心、愚癡心，不生慢心，不生聲聞、辟支佛心，是名菩薩摩訶薩大快心。住是心中為必定眾作上首，亦不念有是心。復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩應生不動心。」

> The Buddha said: "A great bodhisattva, from the very first moment of arising the aspiration for enlightenment until reaching ultimate, perfect enlightenment, does not give rise to a mind of attachment, anger, or ignorance. They do not give rise to arrogance, nor do they give rise to thoughts of seeking personal liberation as a disciple or as a solitary Buddha. This is called the great joyful mind of a great bodhisattva. Abiding in this mind, they serve as the foremost leader for those on the assured path to enlightenment, yet they do not cling to the thought of having such a mind. Furthermore, Subhuti, a great bodhisattva should cultivate an unshakable mind."

須菩提白佛言：「云何名不動心？」

佛言：「常念一切種智心，亦不念有是心，是名菩薩摩訶薩不動心。

> The Buddha said: "Always keep in mind the wisdom of all-knowing, yet do not cling to the notion of having such a mind. This is called the unwavering mind of a great bodhisattva.

「復次，須菩提。菩薩摩訶薩於一切眾生中，應生利益安樂心。云何名利益安樂心？救濟一切眾生，不捨一切眾生，是事亦不念有是心，是名菩薩摩訶薩於一切眾生中生利益安樂心。如是，須菩提！是菩薩摩訶薩行般若波羅蜜，於必定眾中最為上首。

> "Moreover, Subhuti. A great Bodhisattva should cultivate a mind of benefit and ease toward all sentient beings. What is meant by a mind of benefit and ease? It is to rescue and aid all sentient beings, never abandoning them, yet without dwelling on the thought of having such a mind. This is called the great Bodhisattva's mind of benefit and ease toward all sentient beings. Thus, Subhuti! When this great Bodhisattva practices the Perfection of Wisdom, they stand foremost among those who are certain to reach enlightenment."

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩應當行欲法喜法、樂法心。何等是法？所謂不破諸法實相是名為法。何等名欲法喜法？信法、忍法、受法，是名欲法喜法。何等名樂法？常修行是法，是名樂法。如是，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩行般若波羅蜜，於必定眾中能為上首，是法用無所得故。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩行般若波羅蜜時，住內空乃至無法有法空，能為必定眾作上首，是法用無所得故。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩行般若波羅蜜時，住四念處中乃至住十八不共法中，能為必定眾作上首，是法用無所得故。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩行般若波羅蜜時，住如金剛三昧乃至離著虛空不染三昧中住，於必定眾作上首，是法用無所得故。如是，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩住是諸法中，能為必定眾作上首。以是因緣，故名為摩訶薩。」