---
title: "摩訶般若波羅蜜經 · 22 勝出品"
description: "摩诃般若波罗蜜经是后秦时期著名译经大师鸠摩罗什翻译的大乘佛教重要经典，属于般若类经典的核心文献。该经成书于公元5世纪初，罗什在长安逍遥园译场主持翻译，系统阐述了大乘佛教空性思想与菩萨修行法门。经文以般若智慧为核心，详细论述诸法空相、无所得等深奥义理，强调通过般若波罗蜜多可达究竟涅槃。作为大乘佛教根本经典之一，该经对中国佛教天台宗、三论宗等宗派形成产生深远影响，是研究大乘空观思想的重要依据，在汉传佛教中具有崇高地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm9smgqlq12sxl00v2snat950"
---

### 摩訶般若波羅蜜經勝出品第二十二

慧命須菩提白佛言：「世尊！摩訶衍摩訶衍者，勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。世尊！是摩訶衍與虛空等，如虛空受無量無邊阿僧祇眾生，摩訶衍亦如是，受無量無邊阿僧祇眾生。世尊！是摩訶衍不見來處、不見去處、不見住處，是摩訶衍前際不可得、後際不可得、中際不可得，三世等是摩訶衍。世尊！以是故是乘名摩訶衍。」

> The elder Subhuti addressed the Buddha, saying: "World-Honored One! This 'Great Vehicle' — the Great Vehicle — surpasses all realms of existence, including gods, humans, and asuras. World-Honored One! This Great Vehicle is like space: just as space can hold countless, boundless, immeasurable beings, so too does the Great Vehicle hold countless, boundless, immeasurable beings. World-Honored One! This Great Vehicle has no discernible origin, no destination, and no fixed abode. Its past is ungraspable, its future is ungraspable, and its present is ungraspable. The Great Vehicle is identical to the three times. World-Honored One! This is why it is called the 'Great Vehicle.'"

佛告須菩提：「如是，如是！菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍，所謂六波羅蜜，檀那波羅蜜、尸羅波羅蜜、羼提波羅蜜、毘梨耶波羅蜜、禪那波羅蜜、般若波羅蜜，是名菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍。復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍，一切陀羅尼門、一切三昧門，所謂首楞嚴三昧乃至離著虛空不染三昧，是名菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍。復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍，所謂內空乃至無法有法空，是名菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍。復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍，所謂四念處乃至十八不共法，是名菩薩摩訶薩摩訶衍。如須菩提所言，是摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若欲界當有實、不虛妄、不異諦、不顛倒、有常、不壞相、非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以欲界虛妄憶想分別和合名字等，有一切無常想無法。以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！色界、無色界若當實有不虛妄、不異諦、不顛倒、有常、不壞相、非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以色界、無色界虛妄憶想分別和合名字等，有一切無常破壞相無法。以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若色當實有、不虛妄、不異諦、不顛倒、有常、不壞相、非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以色虛妄憶想分別和合名字等，有一切無常破壞相無法。以是故，是摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。受想行識亦如是。須菩提！若眼乃至意，色乃至法，眼識乃至意識，眼觸乃至意觸，眼觸因緣生受乃至意觸因緣生受，若當實有、不虛妄、不異諦、不顛倒、有常、不壞相、非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以眼乃至意觸因緣生受虛妄憶想分別和合名字等，有一切無常破壞相無法。以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若法性是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以法性無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若如、實際、不可思議性是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以如、實際、不可思議性無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若檀那波羅蜜是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以檀那波羅蜜無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。若尸羅波羅蜜、羼提波羅蜜、毘梨耶波羅蜜、禪那波羅蜜、般若波羅蜜是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以尸羅波羅蜜乃至般若波羅蜜無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若內空乃至無法有法空是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以內空乃至無法有法空無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若四念處乃至十八不共法是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以四念處乃至十八不共法無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若性人法是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以性人法無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若八人法、須陀洹法、斯陀含法、阿那含法、阿羅漢法、辟支佛法、佛法是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以八人法乃至佛法無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若性地人是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以性地人無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若八人法、須陀洹乃至佛是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以八人乃至佛無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以一切世間及諸天人阿修羅無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若菩薩摩訶薩從初發心乃至道場，於其中間諸心若是有法非無法者，是摩訶衍不能勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。以菩薩從初發心乃至道場，於其中間諸心無法非法，以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若菩薩摩訶薩如金剛慧是有法非無法者，是菩薩摩訶薩不能知一切結使及習，無法非法得一切種智。須菩提！以菩薩摩訶薩如金剛慧無法非法，是故菩薩知一切結使及習無法非法，得一切種智。以是故，摩訶衍勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若諸佛三十二相是有法非無法者，諸佛威德不能照然勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！以諸佛三十二相無法非法，以是故，諸佛威德照然勝出一切世間及諸天、人、阿修羅。須菩提！若諸佛光明是有法非無法者，諸佛光明不能普照如恒河沙等國土。須菩提！以諸佛光明無法非法，以是故，諸佛能以光明普照如恒河沙等國土。須菩提！若諸佛六十種莊嚴音聲是有法非無法者，諸佛不能以六十種莊嚴音聲遍至十方無量阿僧祇國土。須菩提！以諸佛六十種莊嚴音聲無法非法，以是故，諸佛能以六十種莊嚴音聲遍至十方無量阿僧祇國土。須菩提！諸佛法輪若當是有法非無法者，諸佛不能轉法輪，諸沙門、婆羅門，若天、若魔、若梵及世間餘眾所不能如法轉者。須菩提！以諸佛法輪無法非法，以是故，諸佛轉法輪，諸沙門、婆羅門，若天、若魔、若梵及世間餘眾不能如法轉者。須菩提！諸佛為眾生轉法輪，是眾生若實有法非無法者，不能令是眾生於無餘涅槃而般涅槃。須菩提！以諸佛為眾生轉法輪，是眾生無法非法，以是故，能令眾生於無餘涅槃中，已滅今滅當滅。」

> The Buddha told Subhuti, "Exactly so, exactly so. The great vehicle of a great bodhisattva is what is called the six perfections: the perfection of generosity, the perfection of ethical discipline, the perfection of patience, the perfection of diligence, the perfection of meditation, and the perfection of wisdom. This is called the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva. Furthermore, Subhuti, the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva consists of all gates of concentration and all gates of meditative absorption—from the absorption of heroic valor up to the absorption of non-attachment to emptiness and undefiled purity. This is called the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva. Furthermore, Subhuti, the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva consists of the inner emptiness up through the emptiness of non-existence and existence. This is called the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva. Furthermore, Subhuti, the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva consists of the four foundations of mindfulness up through the eighteen unique qualities of a Buddha. This is called the great vehicle of a great bodhisattva. As you said, Subhuti, this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the realm of desire were truly real, not false, not different, not inverted, permanent, indestructible, and not non-existent, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because the realm of desire is like an illusion, a memory, a mental construct, a combination of names, and consists of all impermanent, destructible, non-existent things, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the realm of form and the formless realm were truly real, not false, not different, not inverted, permanent, indestructible, and not non-existent, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because the realm of form and the formless realm are like an illusion, a memory, a mental construct, a combination of names, and consist of all impermanent, destructible, non-existent things, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if physical form were truly real, not false, not different, not inverted, permanent, indestructible, and not non-existent, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because physical form is like an illusion, a memory, a mental construct, a combination of names, and consists of all impermanent, destructible, non-existent things, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. The same applies to feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness. Subhuti, if the eye up through the mind, forms up through mental objects, eye consciousness up through mind consciousness, eye contact up through mind contact, and the feelings born from eye contact up through the feelings born from mind contact were truly real, not false, not different, not inverted, permanent, indestructible, and not non-existent, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because the eye up through the feelings born from mind contact are like an illusion, a memory, a mental construct, a combination of names, and consist of all impermanent, destructible, non-existent things, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the nature of reality were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because the nature of reality is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if suchness, ultimate reality, and the inconceivable nature were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because suchness, ultimate reality, and the inconceivable nature are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the perfection of generosity were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because the perfection of generosity is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. The same applies to the perfections of ethical discipline, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom. Subhuti, if inner emptiness up through the emptiness of non-existence and existence were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because inner emptiness up through the emptiness of non-existence and existence are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the four foundations of mindfulness up through the eighteen unique qualities of a Buddha were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because the four foundations of mindfulness up through the eighteen unique qualities of a Buddha are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the stage of natural disposition were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because the stage of natural disposition is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the stage of the eightfold path, the stage of stream-enterer, the stage of once-returner, the stage of non-returner, the stage of arhat, the stage of pratyekabuddha, and Buddhahood were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because the stage of the eightfold path up through Buddhahood are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if a person on the stage of natural disposition were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because a person on the stage of natural disposition is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the person of the eightfold path, the stream-enterer, up through the Buddha were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because the person of the eightfold path up through the Buddha are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras, were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras, are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the thoughts of a great bodhisattva from the first aspiration for enlightenment up to the seat of awakening were concrete existences and not non-existence, then this great vehicle could not surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Because the thoughts of a bodhisattva from the first aspiration for enlightenment up to the seat of awakening are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore this great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the vajra-like wisdom of a great bodhisattva were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then that great bodhisattva could not know that all defilements and their traces are neither existent nor non-existent and could not attain all-knowing wisdom. Subhuti, because the vajra-like wisdom of a great bodhisattva is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore the bodhisattva knows that all defilements and their traces are neither existent nor non-existent, and attains all-knowing wisdom. For this reason, the great vehicle surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the thirty-two marks of a Buddha were concrete existences and not non-existence, then the majestic virtue of the Buddhas could not brilliantly surpass all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, because the thirty-two marks of a Buddha are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore the majestic virtue of the Buddhas brilliantly surpasses all worlds, including gods, humans, and asuras. Subhuti, if the light of the Buddhas were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then the light of the Buddhas could not universally illuminate lands as numerous as the sands of the Ganges. Subhuti, because the light of the Buddhas is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore the Buddhas can universally illuminate lands as numerous as the sands of the Ganges with their light. Subhuti, if the sixty types of melodious voices of the Buddhas were concrete existences and not non-existence, then the Buddhas could not reach with their sixty types of melodious voices the countless immeasurable lands in the ten directions. Subhuti, because the sixty types of melodious voices of the Buddhas are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore the Buddhas can reach with their sixty types of melodious voices the countless immeasurable lands in the ten directions. Subhuti, if the Dharma wheel of the Buddhas were a concrete existence and not non-existence, then the Buddhas could not turn the Dharma wheel, which no ascetics, priests, gods, demons, brahmas, or any other beings in the world can properly turn. Subhuti, because the Dharma wheel of the Buddhas is neither existent nor non-existent, therefore the Buddhas can turn the Dharma wheel, which no ascetics, priests, gods, demons, brahmas, or any other beings in the world can properly turn. Subhuti, if the beings for whom the Buddhas turn the Dharma wheel were truly real existences and not non-existence, then they could not cause these beings to attain final nirvana without remainder. Subhuti, because the beings for whom the Buddhas turn the Dharma wheel are neither existent nor non-existent, therefore they can cause beings to attain final nirvana without remainder, whether already attained, currently being attained, or to be attained in the future."