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  1. Volume 1 (第一)
  1. The Buddha Speaks the Nine-Colored Deer Sutra (佛說九色鹿經)
  2. Volume 1 (第一)

The Buddha Speaks the Nine-Colored Deer Sutra (佛說九色鹿經)

About 佛說九色鹿經

Wu · Source text translated by 支謙

872 · about 3 min

The Sūtra of the Nine-Colored Deer Spoken by the Buddha Translated during the Three Kingdoms period by the Kuśan translator Zhi Qian, this is an important Buddhist scripture. The sūtra narrates the story of the nine-colored deer who sacrifices itself to save others and transforms the ungrateful, promoting the bodhisattva spirit of compassion and altruism. Through vivid allegory, the scripture elucidates core Buddhist teachings such as karma and the virtue of gratitude, reflecting the literary characteristics of early Chinese Buddhism. As a representative work among the Jātaka tales, this sūtra is artistically depicted in the Dunhuang murals and holds significant value for the study of Buddhist ethical thought and transmission history. As an early translator of Buddhist scriptures, Zhi Qian’s translations profoundly influenced the process of Buddhism’s adaptation in China. To this day, this sūtra remains an essential text for Buddhists cultivating compassion.


佛說九色鹿經
吳月氏優婆塞支謙譯
佛言:「昔者,菩薩身為九色鹿;其毛九種色,其角白如雪,常在恒水邊飲食水草,常與一烏為知識。
「時,水中有溺人隨流來下,或出或沒,得著樹木,仰頭呼天:『山神、樹神、諸天龍神,何不愍傷我也?』鹿聞人喚聲,即走往水邊,語溺人言:『汝可勿怖!汝可騎我背、捉我角,我相負出上岸。』
「鹿大疲極,溺人下地,繞鹿三匝,向鹿叩頭,乞為大家作奴,給其使令採取水草。鹿言:『不用卿也,且各自去,欲報恩者,莫得道我在此間,人貪我皮角,必來殺我。』於是,溺者受教而去。
「爾時,國王夫人夜夢見九色鹿,意欲得其皮角,即託病不起。王問夫人言:『何以不起?』
「夫人答言:『昨夜夢見非常鹿,其毛九種色,其角白如雪,我思得其皮作衣裘、其角作拂柄,王當為我得之,王若不得,我當死矣。』
「王告夫人:『汝為且起,我作一國王,何所不得?』
「王即便募於國中:『若有能得九色鹿者,當與分國治,賜其金鉢盛滿銀粟,賜其銀鉢盛滿金粟。』
「溺人聞王募重,心生惡念:『我說此鹿可得富貴,鹿是畜生,死活何在?』便語募人言:『我知有九色鹿處。』
「募人便將至王所言:『此人知有九色鹿處。』
「王聞大歡喜,王言:『汝得其皮角來,報之半國。』
「於是,溺人面上即生癩瘡。溺人言:『此鹿雖是畜生,大有威神,王宜多將人兵,乃可得耳。』
「王即大出人兵往恒水邊。烏在樹上遙見王人眾來,疑當殺鹿,即呼鹿言:『且起!王來取汝。』鹿故熟臥不覺,烏復言:『知識且起。王將兵至。』鹿故復不覺,烏便下樹,居其頭上、啄其耳:『知識且起!王兵圍汝數重。』
「鹿方驚起,四顧望視,無復走地,便往趣王車邊。傍人引弓欲射之,王告:『莫射此鹿,此鹿非常,將是天神耶!』鹿即言:『莫射殺我,假我須臾,我有恩於國。』王問:『有何恩?』『我曾活王國中一人。』即長跪,重問王:『誰道我在此?』王言:『車邊癩面人也。』
「鹿舉頭看此人,眼中淚出,不能自勝:『大王!此人本溺在水中,隨流來下,或出或沒,得著樹木,仰頭呼天:「山神、樹神、諸天龍神,何不愍傷我?」我時不惜此命,自投水中,負此人出,本要誓不相道;人無反覆,不如水中浮木也。』
「王聞鹿言,有慙愧色:『我民無義。』王即三教其民:『奈何!奈何!受恩反欲殺之?』王即放鹿使去:『下國中,若有驅逐此鹿者,當誅汝五屬。』於是,王便還宮。鹿歸故處。
「是時,國中眾鹿皆來依附,數千為群,永不見害,共飲食水草,不犯人菜穀;從是之後,風雨以時,五穀豐熟,民無疾病,其時太平,畢命化去。」
佛告諸弟子:「菩薩所行,雖處畜生不捨於慈,人獸竝度。
「是時夫人者,孫陀利是也;是時烏者,阿難是也;是溺人者,調達是也;時鹿者,我身是也。調達與我世世有怨;阿難有至意得道。」
菩薩更勤苦行波羅蜜,忍辱如是。
佛說九色鹿經

CBETA Code: T0181b

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