---
title: "大般涅槃經 · 3 名字功德品"
description: "大般涅槃经是北凉时期著名译经师昙无谶所译的重要佛教经典，属于大乘涅槃部经典。该经主要阐述佛陀入灭前的最后教法，核心思想包括佛性论、常乐我净、涅槃四德等大乘佛教重要思想。经文详细记载了佛陀涅槃前后的经过，并系统论述了一切众生皆有佛性、皆能成佛的理论。此经在中国佛教史上影响深远，为天台宗、华严宗等宗派的重要理论依据，对汉传佛教的发展产生了重大影响。昙无谶译本语言优美流畅，是研究大乘佛教思想的重要文献。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cm9w3j1kn0299js0va7xs9x86"
---

### 大般涅槃經名字功德品第三

> The Nirvana Sutra: Chapter 3 on the Merit of the Name

爾時如來復告迦葉：「善男子！汝今應當善持是經文字、章句、所有功德。若有善男子、善女人，聞是經名，生四趣者，無有是處。何以故？如是經典，乃是無量無邊諸佛之所修習，所得功德我今當說。」

> At that time the Tathagata again said to Mahakashyapa: "Good man, you should now carefully uphold the words, phrases, and all the merit of this sutra. If a good man or good woman hears the name of this sutra and is reborn in the four lower realms, that is impossible. Why? This sutra is what immeasurable and boundless Buddhas have practiced, and the merit that comes from it I will now explain."

迦葉菩薩白佛言：「世尊！當何名此經？菩薩摩訶薩云何奉持？」

> Mahakashyapa Bodhisattva said to the Buddha, "World-Honored One, what should this sutra be called? How should great bodhisattvas uphold and practice it?"

佛告迦葉：「是經名為『大般涅槃』，上語亦善，中語亦善，下語亦善。義味深邃，其文亦善，純備具足清淨梵行，金剛寶藏滿足無缺。汝今善聽，我今當說。善男子，所言大者，名之為常，如八大河悉歸大海。此經如是，降伏一切諸結、煩惱及諸魔性，然後要於大般涅槃，放捨身命，是故名曰大般涅槃。善男子！又如醫師有一祕方，悉攝一切所有醫方。善男子！如來亦爾，所說種種妙法祕密深奧藏門，悉皆入於大般涅槃，是故名為大般涅槃。善男子！譬如農夫，春月下種，常有悕望，既收果實，眾望都息。善男子！一切眾生亦復如是，修學餘經，常悕滋味，若得聞是大般涅槃，悕望諸經所有滋味悉皆永斷。是大涅槃，能令眾生度諸有流。善男子！如諸跡中，象跡為最；此經如是，於諸經三昧最為第一。善男子！譬如耕田，秋耕為勝；此經如是，諸經中勝。善男子！如諸藥中，醍醐第一；善治眾生熱惱亂心，是大涅槃為最第一。善男子！譬如甜酥，八味具足；大般涅槃亦復如是，八味具足。云何為八？一者常，二者恒，三者安，四者清涼，五者不老，六者不死，七者無垢，八者快樂，是為八味具足。具是八味，是故名為大般涅槃。若諸菩薩摩訶薩等安住是中，復能處處示現涅槃，是故名為大般涅槃。迦葉！善男子、善女人，若欲於此大般涅槃而涅槃者，當如是學如來常住，法僧亦然。」

> The Buddha told Mahakashyapa: "This scripture is called the Mahaparinirvana. Its opening words are good, its middle words are good, and its closing words are good. Its meaning is profound, and its wording is excellent too. It is pure and complete in the holy life, a treasury of diamond jewels, full and without flaw. Now listen carefully, and I will explain it. Good man, what is meant by 'great' is permanence—just as the eight great rivers all flow into the great ocean. This scripture is like that: it subdues all bonds, afflictions, and demonic tendencies, and then leads to the Mahaparinirvana, the letting go of body and life. That is why it is called the Mahaparinirvana. Good man, it is like a physician who has one secret formula that contains within it every known medical formula. Good man, the Tathagata is like that too. The various wonderful teachings, secret and profound storehouses, all flow into the Mahaparinirvana. That is why it is called the Mahaparinirvana. Good man, it is like a farmer who plants seeds in spring and always has hopes. Once the harvest is gathered, all those hopes come to rest. Good man, all living beings are like that too. When they study other scriptures, they always long for their flavor. But once they hear the Mahaparinirvana, all their longing for the flavors of other scriptures comes to an end forever. This Mahaparinirvana can carry living beings across the stream of existence. Good man, among all footprints, the elephant's is the greatest. This scripture is like that—among all scriptures and meditative states, it is foremost. Good man, just as in farming, the autumn plowing is best, so this scripture is best among all scriptures. Good man, just as among all medicines, ghee is foremost—it well cures living beings' feverish, troubled minds—so the Mahaparinirvana is foremost of all. Good man, just as sweet cream has eight flavors complete, the Mahaparinirvana is like that too—its eight flavors are complete. What are the eight? First, permanence. Second, constancy. Third, peace. Fourth, coolness. Fifth, freedom from aging. Sixth, freedom from death. Seventh, freedom from defilement. Eighth, happiness. These are the eight complete flavors. Because it possesses these eight flavors, it is called the Mahaparinirvana. If bodhisattvas and great bodhisattvas dwell steadily within it, and can also manifest nirvana anywhere, that is why it is called the Mahaparinirvana. Mahakashyapa, if good men and good women wish to enter nirvana through this Mahaparinirvana, they should train like this: the Tathagata is permanent and unchanging, and so are the Dharma and the Sangha."

迦葉菩薩復白佛言：「甚奇，世尊！如來功德不可思議，法僧亦爾不可思議，是大涅槃亦不可思議。若有修學是經典者，得正法門，能為良醫。若未學者，當知是人，盲無慧眼，無明所覆。」

> Mahakashyapa Bodhisattva then said to the Buddha: "How wondrous, World-Honored One! The Tathagata's merit is inconceivable; so too are the Dharma and the Sangha inconceivable; and this Great Nirvana is likewise inconceivable. If anyone studies and practices this scripture, they will attain the true Dharma-gate and can become a skilled physician. But if someone has not yet studied it, you should know that such a person is blind, lacking the eye of wisdom, covered over by ignorance."

## 大般涅槃經卷第三

> The Nirvana Sutra, Volume 3