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Heart Sutra (佛說地藏菩薩發心因緣十王經)

About 佛說地藏菩薩發心因緣十王經

Tang · by 藏川述

4,739 · about 16 min

The Sutra on the Causes and Conditions of Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva’s Aspiration and the Ten Kings, as expounded by the Tang Dynasty Master Zangchuan, is a Buddhist scripture that primarily elucidates the causes and conditions of Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva’s vow to rescue sentient beings and the teachings related to the faith in the Ten Kings. The sutra integrates the great vows of Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva with the judgment system of the Ten Kings of the Underworld, emphasizing the principles of karmic retribution and cyclic existence, and exhorts sentient beings to cultivate virtue and accumulate merit in order to transcend the sufferings of the hell realms. This sutra holds a significant position in Chinese Buddhism, exerting a profound influence on folk beliefs in particular, and serves as a key text embodying the fusion of the faith in Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings. Master Zangchuan, as a Buddhist scholar of the Tang Dynasty, provided through his writings an important basis for the study of Buddhist concepts of the underworld during the Tang and Song periods.


佛說地藏菩薩發心因緣十王經
成都麻大聖慈恩寺沙門 藏川 述
如是我聞:一時,佛在鳩尸那城䟦提河邊沙羅雙樹入涅槃處。諸大聲聞前後圍遶,無量菩薩皆悉集會,天人大會五十二類皆來雲集,前分之後,遺教之前。
爾時,世尊放大光明,照閻魔國,嘿然而住。時閻魔王、十大王眾、獄司侯官、司命令神、司錄記神、閻魔使者、羅剎娑、無量異類、無數鬼神、部類從屬,忽然涌出,恭敬供養,合掌向佛。爾時,世尊還內光明,告閻魔法王言:是娑婆國一切眾生,根鈍障重,不孝父母,不信因果,以心為師,造作五逆、四重、十惡,皆悉墮在閻魔地獄,冥途中間都不覺知。非我,世尊!誰人起慈?孔雀等經與百年壽,雖然終盡人間八苦,猶如深樂冥塗受苦,極苦中苦我今略說。
爾時,閻魔法王及諸王等從座而起,合掌向佛而白佛言:世尊!善哉,善哉!釋迦牟尼法王!能以平等大慈大悲,為我等說照三塗闇。
爾時世尊告閻魔王及秦廣王等言:一切眾生各有六識、八識、九識,義如前說。今此經中唯有二說:魂識說三、魄識說七。三種魂識:一名胎光業魂神識、二名幽精轉魂神識、三名相靈現魂神識。於阿賴耶識開為三魂,心性、心相如水中波,不二而二。性者,三身法、報、應性。本覺如來無一眾生而不具足三身如來,依我此覺智覺樹成道,依我此理雙樹示滅。相者,三魂隨善惡業流轉生死,受苦受樂無有間斷,依造惡業受三塗苦。如今眾生依我修善令得佛道,一切眾生亦復如是。七種魄識:一名雀陰魄神識、二名天賊魄神識、三名非毒魄神識、四名尸垢魄神識、五名臭肺魄神識、六名除穢魄神識、七名伏尸魄神識。於七轉識分別性相,准魂可知。一切眾生臨命終時,閻魔法王遣閻魔卛:一名奪魂鬼、二名奪精鬼、三名縛魄鬼,即縛三魂至門關樹下。樹有荊棘宛如鋒刃,二鳥栖掌,一名無常鳥、二名䟦目鳥:我汝舊里化成𪇖𪈜,示怪語鳴別都頓宜壽(此鳥近吳語,云析家命鳴);我汝舊里化成烏鳥,示怪語鳴阿和薩加(此鳥遠吳語,病來將命盡)。爾時知否?亡人答曰:都不覺知。爾時二鳥忿怒熾盛,呵亡人曰:汝在人間不恐罪業,我為懲惡心不飲歠腦;汝在人間不恐罪業,我為懲惡心不食拔汝眼。然通樹門閻魔王國,塊死天山南門。亡人重過,兩莖相逼,破[勝-力+天]割[虎-儿+肉],析骨漏髓。死天重死,故言死天。從此亡人向入死山險坂,尋杖路石願鞋。然即男女於葬送具,三尺杖頭書地藏狀,并隨求陀羅尼具鞋一具,置魄神邊(墓處名也)。輕過亡人如通大穴,微善亡人兩莖不礙,死天冥塗間五百臾繕那。
爾時,秦廣王告亡人言:哀哉!苦哉!吊苦頌曰:
汝去過死山, 漸近閻魔王, 山路無衣食,
飢寒苦何忍。
爾時,天尊說是偈言:
一七亡人中陰身, 駈將墜墯數如塵,
且向初王齊撿點, 由來未度奈河津。
召於亡人坐門關, 死天山門集鬼神。
殺生之類先推問, 銕杖打體難通申。

第一秦廣王(不動明王)

CBETA Code: X0020

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