---
title: "六道集 · 轉輪五道經"
description: "六道集是清代高僧弘贊輯錄的一部佛教經典，成書於清初。該書系統彙編了佛教關於六道輪迴的教義，詳細闡述了天道、人道、阿修羅道、畜生道、餓鬼道和地獄道的因果業報與生命形態。弘贊以嚴謹的態度輯錄諸經論要義，結合中土文化背景進行闡釋，為研究佛教輪迴思想提供了重要文獻依據。作為清代佛教重要典籍，六道集在漢傳佛教中具有承前啟後的地位，既是修行者理解業報法則的指南，也是學者研究佛教宇宙觀與生命觀的關鍵文本，對後世佛教理論發展影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma7itfgn0057l20aotojy7l1"
---

輪轉五道經云。迦維羅衛國。舍衛國。二國之間。有一大樹。名尼俱類。樹高二十里。枝布方圓。覆六十里。其樹生子。皆數千萬斛。食之香甘。其味如蜜。甘果熟落。人民食之。眾病皆愈。眼目精明。佛在樹下。時諸比丘取果食之。佛告阿難。天下萬物。各有宿緣。阿難白佛。何等宿緣。佛言。夫人作福。譬喻此樹。稍稍漸大。收子無限。夫人豪貴國王長者。從禮事三寶中來。為人大富。財物無限。從布施中來。為人長壽。無有疾病。身體強壯姝長。從持戒中來。為人端正。顏色潔白。輝容第一。見無不喜。從忍辱中來。為人精進。樂於福事。從精進中來。為人安詳。言行審諦。從禪定中來。為人才明。達解深法。從智慧中來。得人音聲清徹。聞者樂聽。從歌歎三寶中來。為人潔淨。無有疾痛。從慈心中來。阿難白佛。云何為慈。佛言。一慈眾生。如母愛子。二悲世間。欲令解脫。三解脫道意。心常歡喜。四為能護一切不犯。是名慈心。佛言。為人姝長。恭敬人故。為人短小。輕慢人故。為人醜陋。喜瞋恚故。為人生無所知。不學問故。為人專愚。不教人故。為人瘖瘂。謗毀人故。為人聾盲。不聽法故。為人奴婢。負債不償。不禮三寶故。為人醜黑。遮佛光明故。為人生在裸國者。輕衣入精舍故。生馬蹄國者。著屐躡佛前故。生穿胸人國者。布施作福。悔惜心故。生在麞鹿麂中者。喜驚怖人故。生在龍中者。調戲忿怒人故。身生惡瘡癩疾難差。醫藥所不治。苦痛難言者。前身喜鞭打眾生故。人見歡喜者。前生見人歡喜故。人見不歡喜者。前身見人不歡悅故。喜遭縣官閉在牢獄。杻械其身者。前身喜籠繫眾生。不從意故。為人唇缺者。前身鈎魚口缺故。為人聞說法。心不聽採。於中兩舌。亂人聽受者。後生作長耳驢。及耽耳狗中。為人慳貪不恕己。好獨食者。死入地獄。墮餓鬼中。出生為人。貧窮饑餓。衣不蓋形。食不供口。為人好食獨啗。惡食施人者。後墮猪豚𧏙蜋之中。為人喜剝脫人物者。後墮羊中。生被剝皮。為人喜殺生者。後生為水上作蜉蝣之蟲。朝生暮死。為人喜偷盜人物者。後生奴婢牛馬中。為人喜妄語。傳人惡者。死入地獄。烊銅灌口。拔出其舌。以牛犂之。後墮白鳩󴅿鵅鳥中。人聞其鳴。莫不驚怖。皆言變怪。呪令其死。為人喜婬他婦女者。死入地獄。男抱銅柱。女臥鐵牀。後墮婬色鵝鴨鳥中。為人喜飲酒醉。犯三十六失者。死入地獄。墮沸屎地獄中。復墮猩猩獸中。後生為人愚癡。故無所知。為人夫婦不相和順。數共鬬諍。更相驅遣者。後墮鳩鴿中。為人喜貪人力者。後墮象中。為人不潔淨者。從猪中來。為人慳貪不恕己者。從狗中來。為人狠戾自用者。從羊中來。為人不安庠。不能忍事者。從獼猴中來。為人尤惡含毒心者。從蝮虵中來。為人好于美食。恐害眾生。無有善者。前身從豺狼狸猫中來。餘如經廣明。此不繁錄。

> The Sūtra of the Turning Wheel of Five Paths states: Between the kingdoms of Kapilavastu and Śrāvastī, there stands a great tree called Nigrodha. The tree is twenty leagues tall, its branches spreading in all directions, covering a full sixty leagues. It bears fruits in countless quantities—millions of bushels. The fruits are fragrant, sweet, and taste like honey. When the ripe fruits fall, the people eat them, and all their illnesses are cured, their eyes becoming clear and bright. The Buddha sat beneath this tree. At that time, the monks picked the fruits and ate them. The Buddha told Ananda: "All things in this world have their own karmic connections from past lives." Ananda asked the Buddha: "What are these karmic connections?" The Buddha said: "When people create blessings, it is like this tree—it grows gradually, and its fruits become boundless. People who are noble and wealthy, kings and elders, come from having respected and served the Three Jewels in past lives. People who are rich, with limitless wealth, come from generosity. People who are long-lived, free from illness, with strong and impressive bodies, come from moral discipline. People who are handsome, with clear fair complexions, whose radiant appearance is supreme, whom all delight to see, come from patience. People who are diligent, delighting in meritorious deeds, come from diligence. People who are calm and composed, careful and truthful in word and action, come from meditation. People who are intelligent, who deeply understand profound teachings, come from wisdom. Those whose voices are clear and melodious, whom people delight to hear, come from singing praises of the Three Jewels. People who are pure and clean, without pain or sickness, come from a mind of loving-kindness." Ananda asked the Buddha: "What is loving-kindness?" The Buddha said: "First, one shows kindness to all sentient beings, as a mother loves her child. Second, one feels compassion for the world, wishing to lead all to liberation. Third, one follows the path of liberation, with a heart that is always joyful. Fourth, one is able to protect all beings and commits no wrong. This is called the mind of loving-kindness." The Buddha said: "Those who are tall and impressive were respectful toward others in past lives. Those who are short and small were contemptuous of others. Those who are ugly were prone to anger. Those who are born ignorant and knowing nothing failed to pursue learning. Those who are dull-witted and foolish failed to teach others. Those who are mute and cannot speak slandered and defamed others in past lives. Those who are deaf and blind did not listen to the Dharma. Those who are born as slaves and servants owed debts they did not repay and did not honor the Three Jewels. Those who are ugly and dark obstructed the Buddha's light. Those born in a land of naked people wore light clothing into temples. Those born in a land of horse-hoofed people walked before the Buddha wearing clogs. Those born among people with holes in their chests made offerings and created merit, but later regretted and begrudged their gifts. Those born among deer and antelope delighted in frightening people. Those born among dragons delighted in teasing and angering people. Those whose bodies are afflicted with terrible sores and incurable leprosy, beyond the help of medicine, suffering unbearable pain, in past lives delighted in beating and whipping living beings. Those whom people delight to see, in past lives took delight in seeing others. Those whom people do not delight to see, in past lives did not take joy in seeing others. Those who delight in being arrested and imprisoned, bound in chains and shackles, in past lives delighted in caging and chaining living beings, not letting them follow their own will. Those born with cleft lips in past lives hooked fish, tearing their mouths. Those who hear the Dharma preached but do not take it to heart, and create divisions with divisive speech, disturbing others from receiving the teaching, are reborn as long-eared donkeys or heavy-eared dogs. Those who are miserly and greedy, unable to share with themselves, delighting in eating alone, die and descend into hell, then fall among hungry ghosts. When reborn as humans, they are poor and starving, their clothes not covering their bodies, their food not filling their mouths. Those who delight in eating fine food alone but give poor food to others fall among pigs and dung beetles. Those who delight in stripping others of their possessions fall among sheep, being skinned alive in birth. Those who delight in killing living beings are reborn as mayflies upon the water, born in the morning and dead by evening. Those who delight in stealing others' property are reborn as slaves, oxen, and horses. Those who delight in false speech and spreading others' faults die and enter hell, where molten copper is poured down their throats, their tongues pulled out and plowed with oxen. Later they fall among white doves and owls—when people hear their cries, all are frightened, saying ominous things, and curse them to die. Those who delight in committing adultery with others' wives die and enter hell—men embrace red-hot bronze pillars, women lie on iron beds. Later they fall among geese and ducks, creatures of lust. Those who delight in drunkenness and commit the thirty-six faults die and fall into the hell of boiling excrement, then into the bodies of orangutans. When later born as humans, they are foolish and know nothing. Husbands and wives who are not harmonious, who constantly quarrel and drive each other away, are born as pigeons and doves. Those who delight in exploiting others' labor are born as elephants. Those who are unclean come from pigs. Those who are miserly and unable to share with themselves come from dogs. Those who are cruel and self-willed come from sheep. Those who are restless and unable to endure things come from monkeys. Those who are vicious and poison-hearted come from vipers. Those who delight in fine food, harming living beings and having no goodness, come from wolves, jackals, and wildcats." The remaining details are extensively explained in the full sūtra and need not be repeated here.