--- title: "六道集 · 舊雜譬喻經" description: "六道集是清代高僧弘贊輯錄的一部佛教經典，成書於清初。該書系統彙編了佛教關於六道輪迴的教義，詳細闡述了天道、人道、阿修羅道、畜生道、餓鬼道和地獄道的因果業報與生命形態。弘贊以嚴謹的態度輯錄諸經論要義，結合中土文化背景進行闡釋，為研究佛教輪迴思想提供了重要文獻依據。作為清代佛教重要典籍，六道集在漢傳佛教中具有承前啟後的地位，既是修行者理解業報法則的指南，也是學者研究佛教宇宙觀與生命觀的關鍵文本，對後世佛教理論發展影響深遠。" url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma7itfrc005pl20amy165nea" --- 舊雜譬喻經云。昔釋迦佛往到第二忉利天上。為母說經。時有一天。壽命垂盡。有七事應現。一者項中光滅。二者頭上傅飾華萎。三者面色變。四者衣上有塵。五者腋下汗出。六者身形瘦。七者離本座。即自思惟。壽終之後。當棄天樂。下生拘夷那竭國。受疥癩母猪腹中作子。甚預愁憂。不知何計。得免此罪。有天語言。今佛在此為母說經。佛為三世一切之救。惟佛能脫卿之重罪。何不往歸。即到佛所。稽首作禮。未及發問。佛告天子。一切萬物。皆歸無常。汝素所知。何為憂愁。天白佛言。雖知天福。不可得久。恨離此座。當墮猪胎。以是為毒。人趣受身。不敢為恐也。佛言。欲脫猪身。當三自歸言。南無佛。南無法。南無比丘僧。歸命佛。歸命法。歸命比丘僧。如是日三時。天從佛教。日夜自歸。於後七日。天命壽盡。至維耶離國。作長者子。在母胞胎。日三自歸。及生墮地。亦跪自歸。其母娩身。又無惡露。母傍侍婢。怖而棄走。母亦深怪兒墮地語。謂之熒惑。意欲殺之。退自念言。我少子息。若殺此兒。夫必罪我。即白長者。夫言。止止。此兒非凡。人生百歲。尚不曉自歸。況兒墮地。能自稱佛。好養視之。無令輕慢。兒遂長大。七歲與其同輩。於道邊戲。時舍利弗。目犍連。適過兒傍。兒言。我和尚。舍利弗等。驚怪小兒。能禮比丘。兒言。道人不識我耶。佛於天上。為母說經。我時為天。當下作猪。從佛受教。三自歸依。今得人身。舍利弗。即入禪定。觀便知之。即為呪願。因請佛及僧供養訖。佛為說法。父母及兒。內外眷屬。應時皆得阿惟越致。此是自歸之福也阿惟越致。此云不退轉。即不退菩薩地也。拘夷那竭。即拘尸國。維耶離。即毗舍離國。皆中天竺境。 > The Old Miscellaneous Parable Sutra recounts: In the past, Shakyamuni Buddha went to the Heaven of the Thirty-Three Gods to teach the Dharma for his mother. At that time, there was a deva whose lifespan was nearly exhausted, and seven signs of impending death appeared: first, the light around his neck faded; second, the flower ornaments on his head withered; third, his complexion changed; fourth, dust settled on his robes; fifth, sweat seeped from his armpits; sixth, his body grew thin; seventh, he left his seat unwillingly. He thought to himself, "After my life ends, I will lose the joys of heaven and be reborn in Kuyinaje Country as a piglet in the womb of a leprous sow." Tormented by worry, he knew not what to do to escape this fate. Another deva said to him, "The Buddha is here now, teaching the Dharma for his mother. The Buddha is the savior of all beings in the three realms of past, present, and future. Only the Buddha can release you from your grave offense. Why not go take refuge in him?" The deva immediately went to the Buddha, prostrated himself in reverence, and before he could even ask his question, the Buddha said to him, "All things in this world return to impermanence. This you have always known—why are you so troubled?" The deva replied, "Although I know celestial bliss cannot last forever, what I grieve is leaving this seat and being reborn in a pig's womb. That is my torment. To be reborn among humans, I would not fear." The Buddha said, "If you wish to escape rebirth as a pig, you should take the three refuges, saying: 'I take refuge in the Buddha. I take refuge in the Dharma. I take refuge in the Sangha of monks.' Thus, three times daily." Following the Buddha's teaching, the deva took refuge day and night. After seven days, his heavenly life ended, and he was reborn in Vaiśālī as the son of a wealthy elder. Within his mother's womb, he took refuge three times daily. When he was born and touched the ground, he knelt and took refuge as well. His mother had no postpartum discharge. The attending maidservants, terrified, fled. His mother, deeply alarmed that her child spoke upon birth, thought him possessed and considered killing him. But she reflected, "I have few children. If I kill this child, my husband will surely blame me." She told the elder, and her husband said, "Stop, stop. This child is no ordinary being. A person may live a hundred years and still not know to take refuge, yet this child, as soon as he touched the ground, could proclaim the Buddha. Raise him well. Do not slight him." The child grew up, and at age seven, while playing by the roadside with his peers, Shariputra and Maudgalyayana happened to pass by. The child said, "My masters!" Shariputra and the others were astonished that such a young child could bow to monks. The child said, "Do you not recognize me, venerable ones? When the Buddha was in heaven teaching the Dharma for his mother, I was a deva then, destined to be reborn as a pig. I received the Buddha's instruction and took the three refuges. Now I have attained human form." Shariputra entered meditation, perceived the truth of this, and knew it was so. He then pronounced blessings and invited the Buddha and the monastic community for a meal offering. After the meal, the Buddha taught the Dharma. The parents, the child, and all their relatives attained the stage of non-retrogression on the spot. This is the blessing that comes from taking refuge. Non-retrogression means the stage of irreversible progress toward enlightenment—the bodhisattva ground from which one never falls back. Kuyinaje refers to Kuśinagara, and Vaiśālī is the city of the Licchavis, both in central India.