---
title: "南嶽單傳記 · 始祖釋迦牟尼佛"
description: "南嶽單傳記（弘儲表）是清代佛教文献，由弘储禅师编撰。该书主要记录南嶽衡山一脉的禅宗单传法系，详细梳理了历代祖师的传承脉络与重要事迹。清代佛教注重法脉正统性，该作品反映了当时禅宗对传承历史的重视。内容涵盖祖师语录、公案及修行要旨，具有较高的史料价值。作为南嶽禅系的重要文献，它对研究中国禅宗发展史、法脉传承及清代佛教思想具有独特意义，是了解禅宗单传体系的关键典籍之一。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma8y63iz1be9l404avgst1zx"
---

### 始祖釋迦牟尼佛賢劫第四尊

姓剎利。父淨飯王。母摩耶。剎利氏。自天地更始。閻浮洲初闢已來。世為王。佛歷刧修行。值然燈佛授記。於此刧作佛。後於迦葉佛世。以菩薩成道。上生覩史陀天。名護明大士。及應運時至。乃降神於摩耶。當此土周昭王二十四年甲寅四月初八日。自摩耶右脇誕生。生時放大智光明。照十方世界。地湧金蓮花。自然捧雙足。一手指天。一手指地。周行七步。目顧四方曰。天上天下惟吾獨尊。自降生後。種種神異。具如經言。至四十二年。年十九。二月八日。欲求出家。而自念言。當復何遇。即於四門遊觀。見生老病死四等事。心有悲喜。而作思惟。此老病死。終可厭離。於是夜子時。有淨居天人。於窓牗中。叉手白言。出家時至。可去矣。於是諸天捧所乘馬足。超然凌虗。逾城而去。曰不斷八苦。不成無上菩提。不轉法輪。終不還也。淨飯王思甚。遣其臣勸諭還宮者萬計。確然不回。入檀特山修道。始於阿藍迦藍處。三年學不用處定。知非便捨。復至鬱頭藍弗處。三年學非非想定。知非亦捨。又至象頭山。同諸外道。日食麻麥。經於六年。世尊自思曰。今此苦行。非正解脫。吾當受食而後成佛。即沐浴于尼連河。天為之偃樹。世尊援之而出。受牧牛氏女所獻乳糜。尋詣畢鉢樹下。天帝化人。擷瑞草以藉坐。景雲祥風。四起紛披。天魔念。世尊道成。且受折抑。率眾作難。窮現可怖可欲諸境。世尊泊然不動。以指按地。地大震。魔皆顛仆。於是降之。故經云。以無心意無受行。而悉摧伏諸外道。先歷試邪法。示諸方便。發諸異見。令至菩提。乃於穆王三年癸未歲二月七日之夕。入正三昧。至八日明星出時。廓然大悟。成等正覺。乃歎曰。奇哉一切眾生。具有如來智慧德相。但以妄想執著。不能證得。時年三十三矣。或云。成道于臘月八日。以周正二月。乃夏正臘月也成道後六年。歸為淨飯王說法。王大喜。遣其族五百貴子。從之出家○世尊一日陞座。大眾集定。文殊白椎曰。諦觀法王法。法王法如是。世尊便下座。

> He was born into the warrior caste, of the Shakya clan. His father was King Shuddhodana, and his mother was Queen Maya. The Shakya clan had been kings of the world since the beginning of time, when the continent of Jambudvipa first formed. The Buddha cultivated himself through countless lifetimes. He met the Buddha Dipankara, who predicted that he would become a Buddha in this era. Later, during the time of the Buddha Kashyapa, he attained enlightenment as a Bodhisattva and was reborn in the Tushita Heaven, where he was known as the Great Being Shvetaketu. When the time was right to fulfill his destiny, he descended into the womb of Queen Maya. This occurred on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, in the twenty-fourth year of King Zhao of the Zhou Dynasty (the year of the Tiger). He emerged from the right side of Queen Maya. At his birth, a brilliant light of great wisdom shone, illuminating all worlds. Golden lotuses sprang from the earth to support his feet. Pointing to the sky with one hand and to the earth with the other, he took seven steps and looked in all four directions, declaring: "In heaven above and on earth below, I alone am the honored one." From his birth onward, he displayed many miraculous signs, as described in the scriptures. When he was nineteen years old—in his forty-second year according to the calendar—on the eighth day of the second month, he wished to leave home to seek the truth. Thinking about what he might encounter, he went out and wandered through the four gates of the city. There he witnessed old age, sickness, death, and the life of a renunciant. Reflecting on these experiences, he felt both sorrow and joy, and he thought: "Old age, sickness, and death—these can ultimately be abandoned." That night, at midnight, a celestial being from the Pure Abode Heaven appeared at his window, palms together, and said: "The time for your renunciation has come. You may leave now." The devas then lifted the hooves of his horse, and he soared through the air, leaving the city behind. He vowed: "Until I end the eight kinds of suffering, I will not attain Supreme Enlightenment. Until I turn the Wheel of the Dharma, I will not return." King Shuddhodana was deeply distressed. He sent countless ministers to persuade his son to return to the palace, but the prince was steadfast and would not be swayed. He entered the Dandaloka mountain to practice the path. He began by studying with Alara Kalama, learning the concentration of nothingness for three years. Realizing it was not the ultimate truth, he let it go. Then he went to Udraka Ramaputra and studied the concentration of neither perception nor non-perception, also for three years. Recognizing that too was insufficient, he left. He then went to the Elephant Head Mountain and lived among the ascetics, eating nothing but hemp seeds and grains for six years. During this time, the World-Honored One thought to himself: "This kind of harsh practice is not true liberation. I should accept ordinary nourishment and then attain Buddhahood." He bathed in the Nairanjana River, and the devas bent a tree for him to grasp as he came out. He accepted the rice porridge offered by a young village girl. Then he went to the Bodhi tree. The Emperor of Heaven transformed himself into a cleaner who laid out auspicious grasses for him to sit on. Auspicious clouds and gentle breezes arose from all directions. Mara, the tempter, thought: "The World-Honored One is about to attain enlightenment, and I will be humbled." He gathered his forces to make trouble, conjuring terrifying and alluring visions to test the Buddha. The World-Honored One remained calm and unmoved. He touched the ground with his finger, and the earth trembled violently. All the demons fell to the ground. Thus, he conquered them. As the scripture says: "With no mind, no intention, no receiving, no acting, he completely vanquished all external paths." He first tested and exposed the errors of false teachings, demonstrated various skillful means and revealed many wrong views, leading everything toward enlightenment. Then, on the evening of the seventh day of the second month in the third year of King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty (the year of the Ram), he entered perfect samadhi. By dawn the next day, on the eighth, as the morning star appeared, he experienced a vast awakening: he became fully enlightened, a perfectly awakened one. He exclaimed: "How wondrous! All beings possess the wisdom and virtues of the Tathagata. But because of deluded thoughts and attachments, they cannot realize it." He was thirty-three years old. <note>Some say he attained enlightenment on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month (according to the Zhou calendar, the second month was equivalent to the twelfth month of the Xia calendar).</note> Six years after his enlightenment, he returned to teach the Dharma to King Shuddhodana. The king was overjoyed and sent five hundred nobles from his clan to become the Buddha's disciples. One day, the World-Honored One ascended his seat. When the great assembly had gathered and settled, Manjushri struck the gavel and said: "Observe carefully the Dharma King's Dharma. The Dharma King's Dharma is such as this." With that, the World-Honored One descended from his seat.

表曰。如今歷歷聽法者定當。堯封潛曰。一步一萬里。