---
title: "瑜伽師地論 · 6項 三性差別"
description: "瑜伽师地论是佛教大乘瑜伽行派的重要经典，相传由弥勒菩萨口述，无著菩萨记录，唐代高僧玄奘于贞观年间从印度取回并译成汉文。该论共100卷，系统阐述瑜伽行派的教义，内容包括十七地、三性、八识、修行次第等核心理论，被誉为大乘佛教的百科全书。作为唯识学的根本论典，瑜伽师地论奠定了唯识学派的理论基础，对汉传佛教和藏传佛教影响深远，在佛教思想史上具有崇高地位，是研究唯识学和瑜伽行派必读的经典著作。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma8zgtdv00agib0400jn4q6u"
---

又如經言：善、不善、無記者，彼差別云何？謂諸善法，或立一種。由無罪義故。或立二種。謂生得善及方便善。或立三種。謂自性善、相應善、等起善。或立四種。謂順福分善、順解脫分善、順決擇分善、及無漏善。或立五種。謂施性善、戒性善、修性善、愛果善、離繫果善。或立六種。謂善色、受、想、行、識及擇滅。或立七種。謂念住所攝善、正勤所攝善、神足所攝善、根所攝善、力所攝善、覺支所攝善、道支所攝善。或立八種。謂起迎、合掌、問訊、禮敬業所攝善，讚彼妙說、稱揚實德所攝善，供承病者所攝善，敬事師長所攝善，隨善所攝善，勸請所攝善，迴向所攝善，修無量所攝善。或立九種。謂方便、無間、解脫、勝進道所攝善，及軟、中、上、世、出世道所攝善。或立十種，謂有依善、無依善、聞所生善、思所生善、律儀所攝善、非律儀非不律儀所攝善、根本眷屬所攝善、聲聞乘所攝善、獨覺乘所攝善、大乘所攝善。又立十種。謂欲界繫善；初、二、三、四、靜慮繫善；空無邊處、識無邊處、無所有處、非想非非想處繫善；無漏所攝善。又有十種。謂十善業道。又有十種。謂無學正見，乃至正解脫、正智。又有十種。謂能感八福生，及轉輪王善，及趣不動善。如是等類，諸善差別。略說善有二種義。謂取愛果義，善了知事及彼果義。不善法者，謂與善法相違，及能為障礙，由能取不愛果故，及不正了知事故。無記法者，略有四種。謂異熟生，及一分威儀路、工巧處及變化。若諸工巧但為戲樂，不為活命，非習業想，非為簡擇，此工巧處業是染污；餘是無記。如工巧處，威儀路亦爾。變化有二種。謂善及無記。

> Again, as the scriptures say: What are the distinctions among wholesome, unwholesome, and neutral actions? Wholesome dharmas may be established in one kind: because they are free from fault. Or established in two kinds: namely, innate wholesomeness and cultivated wholesomeness. Or established in three kinds: namely, inherent wholesomeness, associated wholesomeness, and resultant wholesomeness. Or established in four kinds: namely, merit-producing wholesomeness, liberation-oriented wholesomeness, decisive insight-oriented wholesomeness, and unconditioned wholesomeness. Or established in five kinds: namely, generosity-based wholesomeness, virtue-based wholesomeness, meditation-based wholesomeness, wholesomeness resulting in pleasant fruits, and wholesomeness resulting in liberation. Or established in six kinds: namely, wholesome form, feeling, perception, mental formations, consciousness, and the cessation attained through discernment. Or established in seven kinds: namely, wholesomeness included in the foundations of mindfulness, right efforts, bases of spiritual power, faculties, powers, factors of enlightenment, and path factors. Or established in eight kinds: namely, wholesomeness included in rising to greet, joining palms in respect, inquiring after well-being, paying homage; praising excellent teachings and extolling true virtues; caring for the sick; honoring teachers and elders; following wholesome practices; requesting teachings; dedicating merit; and cultivating the immeasurables. Or established in nine kinds: namely, wholesomeness included in the paths of preparation, uninterrupted progress, liberation, and advancement, as well as the paths of weak, middling, and superior levels, worldly and transcendental paths. Or established in ten kinds: namely, wholesome actions with support and without support; wholesomeness born from hearing and from reflection; wholesomeness included in ethical discipline and in neither discipline nor non-discipline; wholesomeness of primary and supporting factors; wholesomeness of the Śrāvaka vehicle, the Pratyekabuddha vehicle, and the Mahāyāna vehicle. Also established in ten kinds: namely, wholesome actions bound to the desire realm; the first, second, third, and fourth meditative absorptions; the spheres of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, and neither perception nor non-perception; and unconditioned wholesomeness. Also ten kinds: namely, the ten wholesome courses of action. Also ten kinds: namely, the unlearned right view, up to right liberation and right knowledge. Also ten kinds: namely, wholesome actions leading to the eight fortunate rebirths, the status of a wheel-turning monarch, and rebirth in the immovable realms. Such are the various distinctions of wholesomeness. In brief, wholesomeness has two meanings: the meaning of producing desirable results, and the meaning of correctly understanding phenomena and their results. Unwholesome dharmas are those contrary to wholesome dharmas and capable of obstructing them, because they produce undesirable results and involve incorrect understanding of phenomena. Neutral dharmas are briefly of four kinds: namely, karmically produced results, and a portion of actions related to deportment, craftsmanship, and transformative powers. If craftsmanship is pursued merely for amusement, not for livelihood, without the intention of practicing a skill or making discerning choices, such craftsmanship is defiled; the rest is neutral. The same applies to deportment. Transformative powers are of two kinds: wholesome and neutral.