---
title: "瑜伽師地論 · 9目 於菩薩教授中聲聞所學"
description: "瑜伽师地论是佛教大乘瑜伽行派的重要经典，相传由弥勒菩萨口述，无著菩萨记录，唐代高僧玄奘于贞观年间从印度取回并译成汉文。该论共100卷，系统阐述瑜伽行派的教义，内容包括十七地、三性、八识、修行次第等核心理论，被誉为大乘佛教的百科全书。作为唯识学的根本论典，瑜伽师地论奠定了唯识学派的理论基础，对汉传佛教和藏传佛教影响深远，在佛教思想史上具有崇高地位，是研究唯识学和瑜伽行派必读的经典著作。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma8zin5j08o8ib04wfaudoyy"
---

復次，云何於菩薩教授中聲聞所學？謂諸貪、憂毘柰耶故，是增上戒學加行；厭患作意故，是增上心學加行；補特伽羅無我性故，或法無我性故，是增上慧學加行。此中貪、憂，是能發起所有毀犯。又如正不除遣、如已不除遣、如正除遣，如已除遣，由此四相，應知自心不如理作意所起貪欲、薩迦耶見及與瞋恚。若由境界，或復由他而起妄計，如是名正不除遣。若由境界，或由他不饒益加行之所引奪，如是名已不除遣。由隨一不除遣故，當知隨一亦不除遣。由隨一除遣故，當知隨一亦復除遣。又若不除遣，雖住律儀，於增上戒尚名毀犯，何況安住不律儀者。又增上心學，於所緣境散亂錯誤，是能障礙。依補特伽羅無我修增上慧者，薩迦耶見是能障礙。依法無我修增上慧者，自性、差別分別計縛是能障礙。於此三學正修遣中，有八種違逆學法，有八種隨順學法。何等為八？一者、唐捐耽著；二者、耽著故縛；三者、縛故障礙；四者、障礙故垢；五者、垢故災雹；六者、雹故瘡皰；七者、瘡皰故熱惱；八者、熱惱故諸煩惱病難可療治。與此相違，當知即是八種隨順學法。

> Next, what does it mean within the Bodhisattva's teaching to study as a Hearer? It refers to, through the discipline of desire and worry, the practice of heightened ethical training; through the attitude of renunciation, the practice of heightened mental training; through the nature of no-self in people, or the nature of no-self in phenomena, the practice of heightened wisdom training. Here, desire and worry are what give rise to all transgressions. Furthermore, consider what has not been properly removed, what has already not been removed, what has been properly removed, and what has already been removed—through these four aspects, one should understand the desire, view of self, and anger that arise in one's own mind from improper attention. If, due to external objects, or due to others, one generates false conceptualizations, this is called "what has not been properly removed." If, due to external objects, or due to others' unbeneficial actions that divert one, this is called "what has already not been removed." When one of these is not removed, know that the other is likewise not removed. When one of these is removed, know that the other is likewise removed. Moreover, if one does not remove these, even while abiding in ethical discipline, one is still considered to be transgressing heightened ethical training—how much more so for someone who does not abide in ethical discipline. Furthermore, in heightened mental training, scattering and error regarding the object of focus are obstacles. For those cultivating heightened wisdom based on no-self in people, the view of self is an obstacle. For those cultivating heightened wisdom based on no-self in phenomena, attachment through conceptualization of intrinsic nature and distinctions is an obstacle. Within the proper cultivation and removal of these three trainings, there are eight kinds of qualities opposing the training, and eight kinds of qualities conforming to the training. What are the eight? First, wasted indulgence; second, bondage due to indulgence; third, hindrance due to bondage; fourth, defilement due to hindrance; fifth, calamity due to defilement; sixth, sores due to calamity; seventh, feverish distress due to sores; eighth, due to feverish distress, the afflictions of mental illness become difficult to cure. Opposite to these, one should know, are the eight kinds of qualities conforming to the training.