---
title: "瑜伽師地論 · 5目 逆順"
description: "瑜伽师地论是佛教大乘瑜伽行派的重要经典，相传由弥勒菩萨口述，无著菩萨记录，唐代高僧玄奘于贞观年间从印度取回并译成汉文。该论共100卷，系统阐述瑜伽行派的教义，内容包括十七地、三性、八识、修行次第等核心理论，被誉为大乘佛教的百科全书。作为唯识学的根本论典，瑜伽师地论奠定了唯识学派的理论基础，对汉传佛教和藏传佛教影响深远，在佛教思想史上具有崇高地位，是研究唯识学和瑜伽行派必读的经典著作。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cma8zj3ei0aj1ib04b7lmnehd"
---

復次，於毘柰耶勤學苾芻，應知有五違逆學法，應當遠離；復有五種隨順學法，應當受持。

> Furthermore, monks who diligently study the Vinaya should understand that there are five practices that go against the training rules and should be avoided; and there are five practices that align with the training rules and should be embraced.

云何為五違逆學法？一者、障礙，二者、像似正法，三者、惡友，四者、愚戇煩惱熾盛，五者、宿世資糧其力薄弱。

> What are the five things that go against the path of learning? First, obstacles. Second, things that only resemble the true Dharma. Third, harmful companions. Fourth, intense delusions arising from dull ignorance. Fifth, weakness in the strength of good karma accumulated in past lives.

云何障礙？謂有五障。一、增上戒障，二、增上心障，三、增上慧障，四、往善趣障，五、利養壽命所作事障。

> What are the obstacles? There are five kinds. First, the obstacle to higher moral discipline. Second, the obstacle to higher meditative concentration. Third, the obstacle to higher wisdom. Fourth, the obstacle to reaching a favorable rebirth. Fifth, the obstacle to the pursuit of material gains, livelihood, and worldly activities.

云何名為增上戒障？謂如有一，或是奴婢，或是獲得，或有所言，廣說一切障出家法而與相應，如是名為增上戒障。

> What is meant by “obstacles to higher precepts”? It refers to a person who is bound by circumstances that prevent them from leaving worldly life—such as being a servant or slave, being owned by another, being under obligation, or any similar situation that blocks the path to ordination. These are called obstacles to the higher precepts.

云何名為增上心障？有十一障，當知名為增上心障。謂數與眾會為初，處分居處為後。

> What is called an obstacle to the higher mind? There are eleven obstacles, which should be known as obstacles to the higher mind. They begin with frequent gatherings and end with dwelling in an improperly allocated residence.

云何名為增上慧障？謂於正法及說法師不起恭敬，陵懱正法及說法師，輕賤自己，於法慳悋，障他正法，令背正法、毀謗正法。如是等類，當知皆名增上慧障。

> What is meant by “obstacles to higher wisdom”? They are: lacking respect for the true Dharma and for those who teach it, looking down on the Dharma and its teachers, belittling oneself, being stingy with the Dharma, preventing others from accessing the true Dharma, turning others away from it, and slandering it. Know that all such actions are called obstacles to higher wisdom.

云何名為往善趣障？謂如有一，惡欲、邪見、多諸忿恨，乃至廣說。如是色類順諸惡趣受學轉法，當知是名順惡趣障。

> What is known as an obstacle to rebirth in a good destination? It refers to a person who harbors wicked desires, holds wrong views, and is prone to frequent anger and resentment, and so on—extending to all such qualities. For one of this kind, who studies and practices teachings that lead toward unfortunate realms of rebirth, it should be understood as an obstacle steering one toward lower realms.

利養障者，謂隨所行，令未信者更增不信，其已信者能令改變，不樂功德，不時時中精勤修習施福業事，不樂為他引攝所有利益安樂，如是等類。壽命障者，謂不謹慎遠避惡象，廣說乃至不善遠離有災有疫諸惡國土，又不遠離諸因諸緣，未盡壽量能令夭歿，如是等類。所作事障者，謂能障礙營衣鉢等所有事業。如是一切，總攝為一，應知說名利養壽命所作事障。

> The obstacle of gains refers to actions that, as one behaves, cause those who have not yet developed faith to grow even more distrustful, those who already have faith to be turned away, to lose interest in meritorious deeds, to fail to diligently and regularly cultivate the practice of giving and charitable acts, and to be unwilling to guide others toward benefit and well-being—and so on, in this manner. The obstacle of lifespan refers to failing to carefully avoid dangerous elephants, and more broadly, failing to steer clear of lands beset by disasters and epidemics, as well as neglecting to avoid the various causes and conditions that, before one's allotted years are complete, could bring about an untimely death—and so on, in this manner. The obstacle of activities refers to hindrances that obstruct one's daily tasks, such as preparing robes and alms bowls. All of these, taken together as one, are to be understood as the obstacles of gains, lifespan, and activities.

云何名為像似正法？謂略有二種像似正法。一、似教正法，二、似行正法。

> What is known as Dharma in appearance only? Broadly speaking, there are two kinds of Dharma that only resemble the true teaching. First, teachings that appear to be the Dharma but are not, and second, practices that appear to be the Dharma but are not.

若於非法生是法想，顯示非法以為是法，令他於中生正法想，如是法教實故、諦故，非是正法，而復像似正法顯現，是故名為似教正法。

> If one sees what is not the Dharma as the Dharma, presenting what is not the Dharma as if it were the Dharma, causing others to develop the notion that this is the true Dharma—such teachings, though they may appear real and truthful, are not the genuine Dharma. Rather, they are like an imitation of the Dharma, appearing in the guise of the true Teaching. Therefore, this is called "counterfeit Dharma disguised as the true Dharma."

若廣為他如是宣說，令他受學，亦自修行，妄起法想，習諸邪行，而自憍慢，稱言我能修是正行。應知是名似行正法。

為廣宣說像似正法，復說中間嗢拕南曰：

初法等五種、 次根等諸見、非處惡作等、 後暴惡戒等。