---
title: "南傳小部經典 · 序分"
description: "南傳小部經典是佛教巴利文三藏的重要組成部分，由夏丏尊翻譯成中文。該經典屬於上座部佛教傳統，歷史可追溯至公元前3世紀阿育王時期，是早期佛教文獻的珍貴結集。主要包含《法句經》《經集》《長老偈》《長老尼偈》等15部經文，內容涵蓋佛陀教誨、弟子修行體悟及佛教詩偈。作為南傳佛教基礎經典，它系統保存了原始佛教教義，在佛教典籍中佔據核心地位，為研究早期佛教思想與實踐提供了權威文本。夏丏尊的譯本語言簡練準確，深受漢語佛教學者推崇。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmawdse4t0099i904dacrdl4o"
---

### 序分

> Preface

此本生因緣．是佛在祇園精舍時．就長老婁沙迦．帝沙說的。婁沙迦．帝沙是拘薩羅國漁夫之子．是其家族最末一人．為比丘後．一無所有地生活著。據傳說。他從最後轉生的地方逝去後。在拘薩羅國一漁村中某婦人胎裏獲得了新生。那漁村為一千人家族所合居．在他受生的那日．一千個同族人拿了網到河裏或池湖裏去捕魚．終日連一條小魚都沒有得到。自此以後．漁夫們就一日窮似一日了。在他住在胎裏的十個月中．全村遭遇火災七次．村人受過七次王刑．那結果當然很是悲慘。他們想道．『我們以前並不如是的。照現在的情形下去．我們會滅亡哩。我們之中一定有一個不幸者。把全家族分為兩組吧。』於是便分為兩組。每組各五百人。分開以後．他父母所屬的一組仍衰微．其他一組則繁榮了。衰微的一組便再分為兩組．如是幾度分析．結果他的一家便到了孤立的地步．大家知道不幸者就在他的家裏．就把他們驅逐了。他母親艱難度日．懷胎期滿．在某地生產了他。原來．得到了最後存在的人是不會滅亡的。因為在他心裏燃著阿羅漢的運命．猶如瓶中的燈炷。他母親養育他．到他能走能跑的時候．交給他一個鉢道．『向人家乞食去吧。』便把他逐出．自己也逃走了。從此以後．他成了一個無依靠的孤獨的苦孩子．沿門行乞．沒有一定的居處．身不沐浴．衣服襤褸污穢．猶如一個塵聚餓鬼．勉強地維持著生命。

> This is a story told by the Buddha while he was staying at Jetavana Monastery, concerning the elder Losaka Tissa. Losaka Tissa was the son of a fisherman in the kingdom of Kosala, the last member of his family, and after becoming a monk, he lived with nothing to his name. According to legend, after passing away from his final rebirth, he was conceived in the womb of a woman in a fishing village in Kosala. That village was home to a clan of a thousand families. On the very day he was conceived, the thousand clansmen took their nets to the rivers and lakes to fish, but all day long they caught not even a single fish. From that time onward, the fishermen grew poorer day by day. During the ten months he remained in the womb, the village was struck by fire seven times, and the villagers suffered the king's punishment seven times—the results were of course disastrous. They thought, "We were not like this before. If things continue as they are now, we will be destroyed. Surely there is one unlucky person among us. Let us divide the whole clan into two groups." So they divided into two groups of five hundred each. After the division, the group to which his parents belonged continued to decline, while the other group prospered. The declining group split again into two, and so it went, dividing again and again, until at last his own family stood alone. Knowing that the unlucky one was in that household, they drove them out. His mother struggled to survive, and when her time came, she gave birth to him in a certain place. For one who has attained the final existence cannot perish, because within him burned the destiny of an arhat, like a lamp's flame within a jar. His mother raised him until he could walk and run, and then handed him a bowl, saying, "Go and beg for your food." With that, she cast him out and fled herself. From then on, he became a helpless, lonely, suffering child, going from door to door as a beggar, with no fixed abode. He never bathed, his clothes were tattered and filthy, like a hungry ghost covered in dust, barely managing to keep himself alive.

他七歲的時候．有一日．他從某家門口的洗食器的水槽裏．鳥啄食似地在拾取一粒粒的殘飯。法將舍利弗正在舍衛城巡行托鉢．見了他。覺得這孩子可憐．只不知道是甚麼地方的人。便起憐憫之念．叫道．『喂．你過來。』他來長老面前．作了禮立著。長老問道．『你是何村人．父母在那裏。』他回答道．『我是孤獨者。我的父母對我說了一句「爺娘已累死．」便把我拋棄．自己走開了。』長老道．『你不想出家嗎。』他道．『尊者啊．我想出家。但像我這種不成樣子的人．誰肯給我出家呢。』長老道．『我給你出家。』他道．『謝謝你。請給我出家。』長老給他嚼食與噉食．帶他到了寺中．親手替他沐浴．給他出家。後來到年齡及格．便給他受具足戒。

> At the age of seven, one day, he was picking up grains of leftover rice from a water trough outside someone's door, pecking at them like a bird. The Dharma General Shariputra, while walking through Shravasti on his alms round, saw him. He felt the child was pitiable but did not know where he was from. Moved by compassion, he called out, "Hey, come here." The boy came before the elder, bowed, and stood there. The elder asked, "From which village are you, and where are your parents?" He replied, "I am alone. My parents said to me, 'We are exhausted,' then abandoned me and walked away." The elder asked, "Would you like to become a monk?" He answered, "Venerable sir, I wish to. But who would ordain someone as pitiful as me?" The elder said, "I will ordain you." He replied, "Thank you. Please ordain me." The elder gave him food to chew and eat, brought him to the monastery, bathed him with his own hands, and ordained him. Later, when he came of age, he conferred full ordination upon him.

他到老年時．被稱為婁沙迦．帝沙長老。他雖然命薄．卻能寡欲知足。即使所受到的施物遠過於他人．也不喫飽．但求能維持生命就算。據說．在他的鉢裏．只要注入一瓢匙的粥去．那粥就會漲滿起來．與鉢沿相平的。施粥者見他的鉢已滿．便不再加給．按次去給其餘的人。有些人甚至於這樣說．『施粥到他的時候．施主粥桶中所有的粥就光了。』不但粥如是．別的嚼食亦是這樣。他雖後來知見成熟．成了最高果的阿羅漢．也以少許的享受自己滿足著。

> In his old age, he was known as Venerable Losaka Tissa. Though his fortunes were meager, he lived with few desires and was content with little. Even when the offerings he received far exceeded those given to others, he would not eat his fill, but only enough to sustain his life. It is said that when just a ladle of porridge was poured into his bowl, it would swell and fill to the brim, level with the edge. Seeing his bowl full, the donor would not add more and would move on to serve the others. Some even remarked, "When the porridge was served to him, all the porridge in the donor's pot was used up." It was not just porridge, but all other food as well. Although he later matured in insight and attained the highest fruit of Arahantship, he remained content with but a little.

他年壽將盡．快入涅槃了。法將舍利弗在瞑想中知道他已將入涅槃．想道．『那個婁沙迦．帝沙長老今日一定要入涅槃了．我今日該給他飽喫一頓纔好。』便帶了他入舍衛城去托鉢。長老為了他之故．向舍衛城中許多人伸出手去．可是人們居然毫不表示敬意。於是長老向他說道．『朋友．去坐在寺中吧。』長老打發他去了以後．把各處施送來的食物叫人拿去給他．說道．『把這拿給婁沙迦。』誰知拿去的人忘了婁沙迦長老．中途自己喫掉了。後來長老走到寺中去．婁沙迦長老迎上來行禮．長者當面問他道．『朋友．喫過東西了嗎。』他回答道．『尊師．我們在後再喫吧。』長老為之不安起來．看看時間．已過了食時．便道．『朋友．請坐在這裏．』自己走到拘薩羅國王宮中去。王叫人接過長老的鉢．因為食時已過．命把四甘食滿盛在鉢中奉上。長老領受了回到寺中．拿了鉢立著對他說道．『朋友帝沙啊．來喫這四甘食。』他對長老致敬．怕羞不喫。於是長老道．『朋友帝沙啊．我執鉢立在這裏呢。你就坐著喫吧。如果這鉢一離了我的手．裏面的東西就會沒有哩。』尊者婁沙迦．帝沙長老就在最上主法將手執的鉢裏喫了四甘食。因了長老的神通力．食物未曾消失．所以婁沙迦．帝沙長老得以儘量喫了一個飽。果真．他那日就入無餘涅槃了．等正覺者〔佛〕親自蒞臨．命予以厚葬．拾骨造墓。

> As his life drew to its close and he approached final liberation, the great disciple Shariputra, in meditation, realized that the elder Losaka Tissa would pass into Nirvana that very day. Thinking, "Today I must ensure he receives a proper meal," he took the elder with him on alms-round into the city of Shravasti. But as the elder stretched out his bowl to the people of the city, no one showed him any respect. So Shariputra said to him, "Friend, go back and sit in the monastery." After sending him away, Shariputra arranged for food from various donations to be brought to him, saying, "Take this to Losaka." Yet the bearer forgot the elder along the way and ate the food himself. Later, when Shariputra returned to the monastery, Losaka Tissa came forward to greet him. Shariputra asked directly, "Friend, have you eaten?" The elder replied, "Venerable sir, we will eat later." Troubled by this, Shariputra saw that the time for meals had already passed. He said, "Friend, please sit here," and went himself to the palace of the King of Kosala. The king had the bowl received from Shariputra and, seeing that the meal time had passed, had it filled with four kinds of fine foods. Shariputra brought it back to the monastery and, standing with the bowl in hand, said to him, "Friend Tissa, come and eat these fine foods." The elder, showing respect, felt too shy to eat. So Shariputra said, "Friend Tissa, I am standing here holding the bowl. You sit and eat. If this bowl leaves my hand, its contents will vanish." So the Venerable Losaka Tissa ate the four kinds of fine food from the bowl held by the foremost disciple. Thanks to Shariputra's spiritual power, the food did not disappear, and Losaka Tissa ate to his heart's content. Indeed, that very day he entered final Nirvana. The Fully Enlightened One himself came in person, ordered a proper funeral, and had the relics enshrined in a monument.

比丘眾在法堂中集坐談話．說道．『法友們啊．婁沙迦長老薄命．以寡欲自足。像那樣薄命而寡欲的人．怎麼會獲得聖法呢。』佛進法堂來．問道．『比丘們啊．你們方纔會集在此．談著甚麼。』比丘眾答道．『尊師啊．在談著如此這般的話。』佛道．『比丘們啊．那比丘的寡欲自足與獲得聖法．都是自己幹出來的事。在前生．他也曾謝絕他人的施與．寡欲自足的。世間無常．苦患無量．他因境遇適於明白這個知見．結果便獲得聖法了。』接著便講過去的事。

> The monks had gathered in the assembly hall, sitting together and talking. They said, "Friends, the elder Lushaka is of humble fortune, content with little and desiring nothing. How could someone so humble and contented have attained the holy Dharma?" The Buddha entered the assembly hall and asked, "Monks, what were you discussing just now as you gathered here?" The monks replied, "Venerable Sir, we were discussing such and such." The Buddha said, "Monks, that monk's contentment with little and his attainment of the holy Dharma are things he accomplished himself. In a past life, he also refused others' offerings and lived content with little. The world is impermanent, and suffering is immeasurable. Because his circumstances were suited to understanding this insight, he ultimately attained the holy Dharma." Then he told the story of the past.