十善業道經
Sutra on the Ten Wholesome Ways of Action
大唐于闐三藏實叉難陀奉 制譯
Tang Dynasty Khotan Tripitaka Master Siksananda, by Imperial Command, Translated
如是我聞：
Thus I have heard:
一時佛在娑竭羅龍宮，與八千大比丘眾、三萬二千菩薩摩訶薩俱。
Once, the Buddha was in the Sāgara Nāga Palace together with eight thousand great monks and thirty-two thousand bodhisattva-mahāsattvas.
爾時世尊告龍王言：「一切眾生心想異故，造業亦異，由是故有諸趣輪轉。龍王！汝見此會及大海中，形色種類各別不耶？如是一切，靡不由心造善不善身業、語業、意業所致。而心無色，不可見取，但是虛妄諸法集起，畢竟無主，無我、我所。雖各隨業，所現不同，而實於中無有作者。故一切法皆不思議，自性如幻。智者知已，應修善業，以是所生蘊、處、界等，皆悉端正，見者無厭。
At that time, the World-Honored One spoke to the Dragon King, saying: "Because the thoughts and minds of all living beings differ, the karma they create also differs, and because of this, they revolve through the various realms of existence. Dragon King, do you see in this assembly and in the great ocean how the forms, appearances, and types are all different? Everything without exception—whether it is wholesome or unwholesome physical, verbal, or mental karma—is produced by the mind. Yet the mind is formless, cannot be seen or grasped, and is merely the arising and gathering of various illusory dharmas. Ultimately, it has no owner, no self, and no belonging to self. Although according to their karma, beings manifest differently, there is truly no fixed creator within any of this. Therefore, all dharmas are inconceivable, and their intrinsic nature is like an illusion. The wise, understanding this, should cultivate wholesome karma. As a result, the aggregates, sense-fields, and elements they produce will all be upright and pleasing, never causing dissatisfaction in those who see them."
「龍王！汝觀佛身，從百千億福德所生，諸相莊嚴，光明顯曜，蔽諸大眾；設無量億自在梵王，悉不復現。其有瞻仰如來身者，莫不目眩！汝又觀此諸大菩薩，妙色嚴淨，一切皆由修集善業福德而生。又諸天龍八部眾等大威勢者，亦因善業福德所生。今大海中所有眾生，形色麁鄙，或大或小，皆由自心種種想念，作身、語、意諸不善業，是故隨業各自受報。汝今當應如是修學，亦令眾生了達因果，修習善業。汝當於此正見不動，勿復墮在斷、常見中，於諸福田歡喜、敬養！是故，汝等亦得人天尊敬、供養。
"Dragon King, look upon the Buddha's body, which is born from hundreds of billions of blessings and virtues. His marks are majestic, his radiance dazzling, outshining all the assembly; even countless billions of Brahma kings would disappear in his presence. Anyone who gazes upon the Thus-Come One's form cannot help but be awestruck. Observe also these great Bodhisattvas—their exquisite, pure appearance comes entirely from cultivating good deeds and accumulating blessings. The mighty gods, dragons, and other eightfold beings likewise arise from good deeds and blessings. As for all the beings in this great ocean, their coarse, ugly shapes, whether large or small, all result from the various thoughts in their own minds, from committing unwholesome deeds through body, speech, and mind. Thus, each receives retribution according to their karma.
You should now practice accordingly, and help others understand cause and effect, cultivating good deeds. Maintain this right view without wavering; do not fall into the extremes of nihilism or eternalism. Rejoice in and honor all fields of merit. Therefore, you too will gain the respect and offerings of gods and humans."
「龍王！當知菩薩有一法，能斷一切諸惡道苦。何等為一？謂於晝夜，常念、思惟、觀察善法，令諸善法念念增長，不容毫分不善間雜。是即能令諸惡永斷、善法圓滿，常得親近諸佛、菩薩及餘聖眾。言善法者，謂人天身、聲聞菩提、獨覺菩提、無上菩提，皆依此法以為根本而得成就，故名善法。此法即是十善業道。何等為十？謂能永離殺生、偷盜、邪行、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪欲、瞋恚、邪見。
"Ocean Dragon King, you should know that there is one practice a Bodhisattva can use to end all suffering in the evil realms. What is this one practice? It is this: constantly reflecting on, contemplating, and observing wholesome qualities day and night, allowing these wholesome qualities to grow stronger with each passing moment, without allowing even a trace of unwholesomeness to mix in. This is what enables you to forever end all evil, perfect all wholesome qualities, and always be in the presence of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and other holy beings.
What are these wholesome qualities? They are the foundation for attaining a human or heavenly body, the enlightenment of a voice-hearer, the enlightenment of a solitary realizer, and unsurpassed enlightenment. Therefore, they are called wholesome qualities. These wholesome qualities are the Ten Wholesome Actions. What are the ten? They are: abandoning forever the taking of life, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, idle chatter, greed, anger, and wrong views.
「龍王！若離殺生，即得成就十離惱法。何等為十？一、於諸眾生普施無畏；二、常於眾生起大慈心；三、永斷一切瞋恚習氣；四、身常無病；五、壽命長遠；六、恒為非人之所守護；七、常無惡夢，寢覺快樂；八、滅除怨結，眾怨自解；九、無惡道怖；十、命終生天。是為十，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，得佛隨心自在壽命。
"King of the Dragons! By refraining from killing, one achieves ten qualities that free you from distress. What are these ten? First, you give fearlessness to all living beings. Second, you always feel great compassion toward others. Third, you permanently cut off all habits of anger. Fourth, your body remains free from illness. Fifth, you enjoy a long life. Sixth, you are constantly protected by unseen beings. Seventh, you have no nightmares and sleep peacefully. Eighth, conflicts dissolve and grievances naturally resolve. Ninth, you have no fear of falling into lower realms. Tenth, at death, you are reborn in heavenly realms.
These are the ten. If you dedicate this merit to attaining supreme enlightenment, when you eventually become a Buddha, you will achieve a life span that follows your heart's desire."
「復次，龍王！若離偷盜，即得十種可保信法。何等為十？一者、資財盈積，王、賊、水、火，及非愛子，不能散滅；二、多人愛念；三、人不欺負；四、十方讚美；五、不憂損害；六、善名流布；七、處眾無畏；八、財、命、色、力安樂，辯才具足無缺；九、常懷施意；十、命終生天。是為十，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，得證清淨大菩提智。
"Furthermore, Dragon King, by refraining from stealing, one gains ten kinds of trustworthy qualities. What are these ten? One: Wealth and assets accumulate abundantly, and cannot be destroyed by rulers, thieves, water, fire, or unloved children. Two: Many people hold them dear. Three: Others do not cheat or bully them. Four: They are praised in all directions. Five: They do not worry about being harmed. Six: Their good reputation spreads far and wide. Seven: They are fearless among crowds. Eight: They enjoy peace and happiness in wealth, longevity, appearance, and strength, and their eloquence is complete and flawless. Nine: They constantly have a generous spirit. Ten: At the end of life, they are reborn in heaven. These are the ten. If they dedicate this merit to unsurpassed complete enlightenment, when they later become a Buddha, they will realize the pure and great wisdom of enlightenment."
「復次，龍王！若離邪行，即得四種智所讚法。何等為四？一、諸根調順；二、永離諠掉；三、世所稱歎；四、妻莫能侵。是為四，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，得佛丈夫隱密藏相。
"Furthermore, Dragon King, if one abstains from sexual misconduct, they will attain four qualities praised by the wise. What are these four? First, the senses become calm and well-regulated. Second, one is forever free from restlessness and agitation. Third, one is praised by the world. Fourth, one's spouse will never be violated. These are the four. If one dedicates these merits to attaining unsurpassed, complete enlightenment, then when they eventually become a Buddha, they will attain the Buddha's hidden and secret mark of a great man."
「復次，龍王！若離妄語，即得八種天所讚法。何等為八？一、口常清淨、優鉢華香；二、為諸世間之所信伏；三、發言成證，人天敬愛；四、常以愛語安慰眾生；五、得勝意樂，三業清淨；六、言無誤失，心常歡喜；七、發言尊重，人天奉行；八、智慧殊勝，無能制伏。是為八，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，即得如來真實語。
Moreover, Dragon King, by refraining from false speech, one attains eight qualities praised by the gods. What are these eight? First, the mouth is constantly pure, exuding the fragrance of the blue lotus. Second, one is trusted and respected by all beings in the world. Third, one's words are taken as evidence, honored by humans and gods alike. Fourth, one always comforts others with kind speech. Fifth, one gains joyful peace of mind and purity of body, speech, and mind. Sixth, one's words are free from mistakes, and the heart is always joyful. Seventh, one's speech is respected, and humans and gods follow it. Eighth, one possesses supreme wisdom that cannot be overcome. These are the eight. If one dedicates this merit to supreme enlightenment, upon becoming a Buddha, one will attain the Tathāgata's speech of truth.
「復次，龍王！若離兩舌，即得五種不可壞法。何等為五？一、得不壞身，無能害故；二、得不壞眷屬，無能破故；三、得不壞信，順本業故；四、得不壞法行，所修堅固故；五、得不壞善知識，不誑惑故。是為五，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，得正眷屬，諸魔外道不能沮壞。
"Furthermore, Dragon King, if one refrains from divisive speech, they will gain five indestructible qualities. What are these five? First, they gain an indestructible body, as no one can harm them. Second, they gain an indestructible circle of followers, as no one can break them apart. Third, they gain indestructible trust, as they remain true to their previous actions. Fourth, they gain indestructible practice of the Dharma, as their cultivation is firmly established. Fifth, they gain indestructible good spiritual friends, as they are not deceived or misled. These are the five. If one dedicates these merits to the attainment of Supreme Perfect Enlightenment, then when they later become a Buddha, they will have a pure following that no demons or heretics can disrupt."
「復次，龍王！若離惡口，即得成就八種淨業。何等為八？一、言不乖度；二、言皆利益；三、言必契理；四、言詞美妙；五、言可承領；六、言則信用；七、言無可譏；八、言盡愛樂。是為八，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，具足如來梵音聲相。
"Moreover, Dragon King, if one refrains from harsh speech, they will achieve eight purities in their speech. What are these eight?
First: Their words never go against moderation. Second: Their words always bring benefit to others. Third: Their words are always in harmony with truth. Fourth: Their words are graceful and pleasant. Fifth: Their words can be easily accepted by others. Sixth: Their words are trustworthy. Seventh: Their words are free from blame. Eighth: Their words are loved and enjoyed by all.
These are the eight. If one dedicates this merit to the attainment of Supreme Perfect Enlightenment, when they eventually become a Buddha, they will be endowed with the sublime, flawless voice of a Tathagata."
「復次，龍王！若離綺語，即得成就三種決定。何等為三？一、定為智人所愛；二、定能以智如實答問；三、定於人天威德最勝，無有虛妄。是為三，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，即得如來諸所授記，皆不唐捐。
"Furthermore, Dragon King! If one refrains from frivolous speech, they will attain three certain outcomes. What are these three? First, they will certainly be loved by the wise. Second, they will certainly be able to answer questions truthfully and with wisdom. Third, they will certainly possess the most excellent virtue and dignity among humans and gods, free from falseness. These are the three. If one dedicates this merit to the attainment of supreme enlightenment, then when they later become a buddha, they will receive the Tathagata's prophecies, and none will be in vain."
「復次，龍王！若離貪欲，即得成就五種自在。何等為五？一、三業自在，諸根具足故；二、財物自在，一切怨賊不能奪故；三、福德自在，隨心所欲，物皆備故；四、王位自在，珍奇妙物皆奉獻故；五、所獲之物，過本所求百倍殊勝，由於昔時不慳嫉故。是為五，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，三界特尊，皆共敬養。
"Furthermore, Dragon King, if one abandons greed and desire, they will achieve five kinds of freedom. What are these five? First, freedom in body, speech, and mind, because all faculties are complete. Second, freedom in wealth, because no enemy or robber can take it away. Third, freedom in merit and virtue, because everything needed is naturally provided as desired. Fourth, freedom in kingship, because precious and rare objects are all offered. Fifth, what one obtains surpasses the original wish a hundredfold, because in the past one was not stingy or envious. These are the five. If one dedicates this merit to the supreme and perfect enlightenment, when they later become a Buddha, they will be uniquely honored in the three realms and respected and supported by all."
「復次，龍王！若離瞋恚，即得八種喜悅心法。何等為八？一、無損惱心；二、無瞋恚心；三、無諍訟心；四、柔和質直心；五、得聖者慈心；六、常作利益安眾生心；七、身相端嚴，眾共尊敬；八、以和忍故，速生梵世。是為八，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，得無礙心，觀者無厭。
"Furthermore, Dragon King, if one abandons anger and resentment, they will attain eight joyful states of mind. What are these eight?
1. A mind free from thoughts of hurting others. 2. A mind free from anger and irritation. 3. A mind free from conflict and argument. 4. A gentle and honest mind. 5. A mind filled with the loving-kindness of the saints. 6. A mind always seeking to benefit and bring peace to all beings. 7. A dignified and beautiful appearance that earns universal respect. 8. Through harmony and patience, quickly being reborn in the heavenly Brahma realm.
These are the eight. If one dedicates this merit toward the supreme perfect enlightenment, then when they eventually become a Buddha, they will attain an unobstructed mind that all who see will find endlessly inspiring.
「復次，龍王！若離邪見，即得成就十功德法。何等為十？一、得真善意樂、真善等侶；二、深信因果，寧殞身命，終不作惡；三、唯歸依佛，非餘天等；四、直心正見，永離一切吉凶疑網；五、常生人天，不更惡道；六、無量福慧，轉轉增勝；七、永離邪道，行於聖道；八、不起身見，捨諸惡業；九、住無礙見，十、不墮諸難。是為十，若能迴向阿耨多羅三藐三菩提者，後成佛時，速證一切佛法，成就自在神通。」
Furthermore, O Dragon King, if one refrains from wrong views, they will achieve ten kinds of beneficial qualities. What are these ten?
First, they will find true joy in goodness and genuine virtuous companions. Second, they deeply believe in cause and effect and would rather lose their life than commit evil. Third, they take refuge only in the Buddha, not in other heavenly beings. Fourth, with an honest heart and right understanding, they forever escape all confusion over good and bad omens. Fifth, they are always reborn among humans or in heaven, never again in the lower realms. Sixth, their merit and wisdom increase endlessly, growing ever greater. Seventh, they forever leave false paths behind and walk the noble path. Eighth, they do not cling to the idea of a self and abandon all unwholesome deeds. Ninth, they abide in unobstructed vision. Tenth, they do not fall into any form of difficulty.
These are the ten. If one dedicates this towards supreme, perfect enlightenment, when they later become a Buddha, they will quickly realize all Buddha teachings and master the miraculous powers with complete freedom.
爾時世尊復告龍王言：「若有菩薩依此善業，於修道時，能離殺害而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；長壽無夭，不為一切怨賊損害。離不與取而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；最勝無比，悉能備集諸佛法藏。離非梵行而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；其家直順，母及妻子無有能以欲心視者。離虛誑語而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；離眾毀謗，攝持正法，如其誓願，所作必果。離離間語而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；眷屬和睦，同一志樂，恒無乖諍。離麁惡語而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；一切眾會，歡喜歸依，言皆信受，無違拒者。離無義語而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；言不虛設，人皆敬受，能善方便，斷諸疑惑。離貪求心而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；一切所有，悉以慧捨，信解堅固，具大威力。離忿怒心而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；速自成就無礙心智，諸根嚴好，見皆敬愛。離邪倒心而行施故，常富財寶，無能侵奪；恒生正見敬信之家，見佛、聞法、供養眾僧，常不忘失大菩提心。是為大士修菩薩道時，行十善業，以施莊嚴，所獲大利如是。
At that time, the World-Honored One spoke again to the Dragon King: "If a Bodhisattva, in their practice of the path according to these wholesome actions, refrains from killing and also practices generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; they will live long without untimely death, never harmed by enemies or thieves. If they refrain from stealing and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; they will become supremely matched and able to fully gather all the Dharma treasuries of the Buddhas. If they refrain from sexual misconduct and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; their family will be upright and harmonious, with no one looking at their mother, wife, or daughters with lustful intentions. If they refrain from false speech and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; they will be free from slander, uphold the true Dharma, and whatever they vow will surely come to pass. If they refrain from divisive speech and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; their family and followers will be harmonious, sharing the same goals and joy, always free from discord and conflict. If they refrain from harsh speech and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; in any assembly, people will happily take refuge in them, trust and accept their words, without any opposition. If they refrain from idle talk and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; their words will never be empty, people will respect and accept them, and they will skillfully resolve all doubts. If they refrain from greed and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; they will give away everything with wisdom, have firm faith and understanding, and possess great spiritual power. If they refrain from anger and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; they will quickly attain an unobstructed mind, with excellent faculties and dignified appearance, inspiring love and respect in all who see them. If they refrain from wrong views and practice generosity, they will always enjoy wealth and treasure that no one can steal; they will always be born into families with right views and faith, see the Buddha, hear the Dharma, and support the Sangha, never losing the great Bodhi mind. These are the great benefits gained when a practitioner, cultivating the Bodhisattva path, practices the ten wholesome actions and adorns them with generosity."
「龍王！舉要言之，行十善道，以戒莊嚴故，能生一切佛法義利，滿足大願；忍辱莊嚴故，得佛圓音，具眾相好；精進莊嚴故，能破魔怨，入佛法藏；定莊嚴故，能生念、慧、慚、愧、輕安；慧莊嚴故，能斷一切分別妄見；慈莊嚴故，於諸眾生不起惱害；悲莊嚴故，愍諸眾生，常不厭捨；喜莊嚴故，見修善者，心無嫌嫉；捨莊嚴故，於順違境，無愛恚心；四攝莊嚴故，常勤攝化一切眾生；念處莊嚴故，善能修習四念處觀；正勤莊嚴故，悉能斷除一切不善法，成一切善法；神足莊嚴故，恒令身心輕安、快樂；五根莊嚴故，深信堅固，精勤匪懈，常無迷忘，寂然調順，斷諸煩惱；力莊嚴故，眾怨盡滅，無能壞者；覺支莊嚴故，常善覺悟一切諸法；正道莊嚴故，得正智慧常現在前；止莊嚴故，悉能滌除一切結使；觀莊嚴故，能如實知諸法自性；方便莊嚴故，速得成滿為、無為樂。
"Dragon King! To summarize, practicing the Ten Good Deeds, and adorning them with ethical discipline, gives rise to all the benefits of the Buddha's teachings and fulfills great aspirations. Adorning with patient endurance brings the Buddha's perfect voice and all auspicious physical marks. Adorning with diligent effort defeats demonic forces and enters the treasury of the Buddha's teachings. Adorning with meditative concentration gives rise to mindfulness, wisdom, a sense of shame, a sense of remorse, and mental tranquility. Adorning with wisdom cuts off all conceptual discrimination and false views. Adorning with loving-kindness prevents any thought of harming living beings. Adorning with compassion leads to pitying all beings without ever growing weary or giving up. Adorning with sympathetic joy brings a mind free from jealousy or resentment toward those who practice goodness. Adorning with equanimity brings a heart without attachment or aversion toward favorable or unfavorable circumstances. Adorning with the Four Methods of Guidance continuously leads and transforms all beings. Adorning with the Foundations of Mindfulness skillfully cultivates the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. Adorning with Right Effort entirely cuts off all unwholesome qualities and perfects all wholesome qualities. Adorning with the Bases of Psychic Power constantly brings physical and mental ease and happiness. Adorning with the Five Faculties brings deep and stable faith, diligent effort without slackening, constant mindfulness without delusion or forgetfulness, serene calm and disciplined peace, and freedom from all afflictions. Adorning with the Five Powers completely eliminates all adversarial forces so that nothing can overcome you. Adorning with the Factors of Awakening brings constant, clear awareness of all phenomena. Adorning with the Noble Eightfold Path brings true wisdom that is always present. Adorning with mental stillness purifies and removes all bondages and defilements. Adorning with insight leads to truly knowing the nature of all phenomena. Adorning with skillful means swiftly achieves the happiness of both the conditioned and unconditioned."
「龍王！當知此十善業，乃至能令十力、無畏、十八不共一切佛法皆得圓滿。是故汝等應勤修學！龍王！譬如一切城邑、聚落，皆依大地而得安住；一切藥草、卉木、叢林，亦皆依地而得生長。此十善道亦復如是，一切人、天依之而立，一切聲聞、獨覺菩提、諸菩薩行、一切佛法，咸共依此十善大地而得成就。」
"Ocean King, know that these ten virtuous actions can even bring to perfection the Ten Powers, the Four Fearlessnesses, the Eighteen Unique Qualities, and all the Buddha's teachings. Therefore, you should diligently cultivate and study them.
Ocean King, just as all cities and villages depend on the great earth for their stability, and all medicinal herbs, plants, trees, and forests rely on the earth for their growth, so it is with these ten virtuous actions. All human and celestial beings rely on them for their existence. All paths of the Hearers, the Solitary Realizers' enlightenment, the practices of Bodhisattvas, and all the Buddha's teachings are fully accomplished by depending on the great ground of the ten virtuous actions."
佛說此經已，娑竭羅龍王及諸大眾，一切世間天、人、阿修羅等，皆大歡喜，信受奉行。
After the Buddha had delivered this sutra, the Dragon King of the Sāgara Ocean, along with the great assembly—including all the gods, humans, and asuras in the world—were filled with great joy, accepted the teaching with faith, and put it into practice.
十善業道經
The Sutra of the Ten Wholesome Deeds