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  1. Stages of Meditation on the Perfection of Chan (釋禪波羅蜜次第法門)
  2. The First Part (第一之上)
  3. Essentials of Practicing Dhyana Paramita (1 修禪波羅蜜大意)
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Stages of Meditation on the Perfection of Chan (釋禪波羅蜜次第法門)

About 釋禪波羅蜜次第法門

Sui · by 智顗說

105,457 · about 352 min

The *Śramaṇa Dhyāna-pāramitā Gradual Dharma Gate* is a significant Buddhist meditation classic composed by the eminent monk Zhiyi of the Sui dynasty. Zhiyi, the de facto founder of the Tiantai school, is revered as the Great Master Zhiyi. This work systematically expounds the stages of meditation practice, guiding practitioners step by step from foundational to profound levels in cultivating meditation, ultimately leading to the realization of Prajñā Wisdom. Its content encompasses three tiers: worldly meditation, transcendental meditation, and the supreme transcendental meditation. It offers detailed analyses of various meditative states and their corresponding methods of practice. As one of the core texts within the Tiantai system of śamatha and vipaśyanā, this treatise holds an important position in the history of Chinese Buddhism. It has profoundly influenced later theories and practices of meditation and remains an essential text for the study of Chan methods within the Chinese Buddhist tradition.


修禪波羅蜜大意第一(從此盡今一卷,大段有五,並是商略禪波羅蜜,攝一切佛法,靡所不該,欲開發行者起深信樂,歸宗有在。是中悉未論修行入證之相。)

The Essence of Cultivating Dhyana Paramita, Chapter 1

今明菩薩修禪波羅蜜,所為有二:一者、簡非;二者、正明所為。

Now, I will explain the two purposes of a bodhisattva’s practice of the Perfection of Meditation (Chan Paramita): first, to distinguish what it is not; second, to clearly describe what it truly is.

第一、簡非者,有十種行人,發心修禪不同,多墮在邪僻,不入禪波羅蜜法門。何等為十?

First, excluding what is not the true path: there are ten kinds of practitioners who, though they set their minds on cultivating meditation, differ from one another, and most of them fall into deviant and distorted ways, so that they do not enter the Dharma-gate of meditation-perfection. What are these ten?

一、為利養故,發心修禪,多屬發地獄心。

1. When people develop the intention to practice meditation for the sake of material gain, this is mostly a mind that leads to the hell realm.

二、邪偽心生,為名聞稱歎故,發心修禪,多屬發鬼神心。

Second, when a false, deceitful mind arises—motivated by the desire for fame and praise—and one resolves to practice meditation, this is mostly a case of the mind of ghosts and spirits arising.

三、為眷屬故,發心修禪,多屬發畜生心。

Third: because they want to be surrounded by followers, they set their minds on practicing meditation; this is mostly the mind of the animal realm.

四、為嫉妬勝他故,發心修禪,多屬發修羅心。

Fourth: when someone resolves to practice Chan meditation out of envy and a wish to surpass others, this is mostly the arising of an asura mindset.

五、為畏惡道苦報,息諸不善業故,發心修禪,多屬發人心。
六、為善心安樂故,發心修禪,多屬發六欲天心。
七、為得勢力自在故,發心修禪,多屬發魔羅心。
八、為得利智捷疾故,發心修禪,多屬發外道心。
九、為生梵天處故修禪,此屬發色、無色界心。
十、為度老病死苦,疾得涅槃故,發心修禪,此屬發二乘心。
就此十種行人,善惡雖殊,縛脫有異,既並無大悲正觀,發心邪僻,皆墮二邊,不趣中道。若住此心修行禪定,終不得與禪波羅蜜法門相應。
第二、正明菩薩行人修禪波羅蜜大意,即為二意:一、先明菩薩發心之相;二、正明菩薩修禪所為。
第一、云何名菩薩發心之相?所謂發菩提心。菩提心者,即是菩薩以中道正觀,以諸法實相,憐愍一切,起大悲心,發四弘誓願。四弘誓願者:
一、未度者令度,亦云眾生無邊誓願度。
二、未解者令解,亦云煩惱無數誓願斷。
三、未安者令安,亦云法門無盡誓願知。
四、未得涅槃令得涅槃,亦云無上佛道誓願成。
此之四法,即對四諦。故《纓絡經》云:「未度苦諦令度苦諦,未解集諦令解集諦,未安道諦令安道諦,未證滅諦令證滅諦。」
而此四法若在二乘心中,但受諦名,以其緣理審實不謬故;若在菩薩心中,即別受弘誓之稱。所以者何?菩薩雖知四法畢竟空寂,而為利益眾生,善巧方便,緣此四法,其心廣大,故名為弘。慈悲憐愍,志求此法,心如金剛,制心不退不沒,必取成滿,故名誓願。行者若能具足發此四願,善知四心,攝一切心,一切心即是一心,亦不得一心而具一切心,是名清淨菩提之心。因此心生,得名菩薩。故《摩訶衍論》偈說:
若初發心時, 誓願當作佛,
已過於世間, 應受世供養。
第二、正明菩薩行人修禪所為者,菩薩摩訶薩既已發菩提心,思惟為欲滿足四弘誓願,必須行菩薩道。所以者何?有願而無行,如欲度人彼岸,不肯備於船筏,當知常在此岸,終不得度。如病者須藥,得而不服,當知病者必定不差。如貧須珍寶,見而不取,當知常弊窮乏。如欲遠行,而不涉路,當知此人不至所在。菩薩發四弘誓,不修四行亦復如是。
復作是念:「我今住何法門修菩薩道,能得疾滿如此四願?」即知住深禪定,能滿四願。何以故?如無六通、四辯,以何等法而度眾生。若修六通,非禪不發,故經言:「深修禪定,得五神通。」欲斷煩惱,非禪不智。從禪發慧,能斷結使。無定之慧,如風中燈。欲知法門,當知一切功德智慧並在禪中,如《摩訶衍論》云:「若諸佛成道,起轉法輪,入般涅槃,所有種種功德悉在禪中。」
復次,菩薩入無量義處三昧,一心具足萬行,能知一切無量法門。若欲具足無上佛道,不修禪定,尚不能得色、無色界及三乘道,何況能得無上菩提?當知欲證無上妙覺,必須先入金剛三昧,而諸佛法乃現在前。菩薩如是深心思惟,審知禪定能滿四願,如《摩訶衍》偈說:
禪為利智藏, 功德之福田;
禪如清淨水, 能洗諸欲塵;
禪為金剛鎧, 能遮煩惱箭。
雖未得無為, 涅槃分已得。
得金剛三昧, 摧碎結使山。
得六神通力, 能度無量人。
囂塵蔽天日, 大雨能淹之。
覺觀風動之, 禪定能滅之。
此偈所說,即證因修禪定,滿足四願。
問曰:菩薩若欲滿足四弘誓願,應當遍行十波羅蜜,何得獨讚禪定?
答曰:前四義劣,後五因禪,今則處中而說。所以者何?菩薩修禪,即能具足增上四度,下五亦然。如菩薩發心為修禪故,一切家業內外皆捨,不惜身命,寂然閑居,無所慳吝,是名大捨。
復次,菩薩為修禪故,身心不動,關閉六情,惡無從入,名大持戒。復次,菩薩為修禪故,能忍難忍,謂一切榮辱皆能安忍,設為眾惡來加,恐障三昧,不生瞋惱,名為忍辱。復次,菩薩為修禪故,一心專精進,設身疲苦,終不退息,如鑽火之喻,常坐不臥,攝諸亂意,未甞放逸,設復經年無證,亦不退沒,是為難行之事,即是大精進也。故知修禪因緣,雖不作意別行四度,四度自成。
復次,菩薩因修禪定,具足般若波羅蜜者,菩薩修禪,一心正住,心在定故,能知世間生滅法相,智慧勇發,如石中泉,故《摩訶衍》偈說:
般若波羅蜜, 實法不顛倒。
念想觀已除, 言語法皆滅,
無量眾罪除, 清淨心常一,
如是尊妙人, 則能見般若。
復次,因禪具足方便波羅蜜者,一切方便善巧,要須見機,若不入深禪定,云何能得明見根性,起諸方便,引接眾生?復次,因禪具足力波羅蜜者,一切自在變現,諸神通力皆藉禪發,具如前辨。
復次,因禪具足願波羅蜜者,如《摩訶衍》中說:「菩薩禪定,如阿修羅琴。」當知即是大願成就之相。復次,因禪具足智波羅蜜者,若一切智、道種智、一切種智,非定不發,其義可見。行者善修禪故,即便成就十波羅蜜,滿足萬行一切法門。是故菩薩欲具一切願行諸波羅蜜,要修禪定,是事如《摩訶衍論》中說。
問曰:菩薩之法,正以度眾生為事,何故獨處空山,棄捨眾生,閑居自善?
答曰:菩薩身雖捨離,而心不捨。如人有病,將身服藥,暫息事業,病差則修業如故。菩薩亦爾,身雖暫捨眾生,而心常憐愍,於閑靜處服禪定藥,得實智慧,除煩惱病,起六神足,還生六道,廣度眾生。以如是等種種因緣,菩薩摩訶薩發意修禪波羅蜜,心如金剛,天魔、外道及諸二乘無能沮壞。

禪波羅蜜序
2 釋禪波羅蜜名

CBETA Code: T1916

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