---
title: "大唐西域記 · 羯霜那國"
description: "大唐西域记由唐代高僧玄奘口述，辩机执笔编纂，成书于贞观二十年（646年）。全书十二卷，详实记录了玄奘西行求法十九年间游历西域、印度等一百三十八国的地理风貌、政治制度、宗教文化及佛教遗迹。作为古代中外交通史的重要文献，该书保存了7世纪中亚南亚的珍贵史料，对研究佛教传播、丝路文明具有不可替代的学术价值。书中对那烂陀寺等佛教圣地的记载尤为详尽，是考证印度佛教史的核心依据，被列为汉传佛教四大旅行记之首，在世界宗教史与地理学领域享有崇高地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmbeieh7709qik1044lvuo9rb"
---

羯霜那國，周千四五百里。土宜風俗，同颯秣建國。從此西南行二百餘里，入山。山路崎嶇，谿徑危險，既絕人里，又少水草。東南山行三百餘里，入鐵門。

> The kingdom of Jie-shuang-na stretches about 1,400 to 1,500 li in circumference. Its land and customs resemble those of Sa-mo-jian. From here, traveling southwest for over 200 li, one enters the mountains. The mountain paths are rugged and dangerous, with narrow trails and steep cliffs. There are no human settlements, and water and grass are scarce. Continuing southeast through the mountains for more than 300 li, one reaches the Iron Gate.

鐵門者，左右帶山，山極峭峻，雖有狹徑，加之險阻，兩傍石壁，其色如鐵。既設門扉，又以鐵鋦，多有鐵鈴，懸諸戶扇，因其險固，遂以為名。

> The Iron Gate: To its left and right rise steep, sheer mountains. Though there is a narrow path, it is treacherous and difficult. On both sides, the stone walls are the color of iron. A gate has been built there, with iron studs, and many iron bells hang from the door panels. Because it is so dangerous and secure, it is called the Iron Gate.

出鐵門，至覩貨邏國舊曰吐火羅國，訛也。其地南北千餘里，東西三千餘里。東阨葱嶺，西接波剌斯，南大雪山，北據鐵門，縛芻大河中境西流。自數百年，王族絕嗣，酋豪力競，各擅君長，依川據險，分為二十七國。雖畫野區分，總役屬突厥。氣序既溫，疾疫亦眾。冬末春初，霖雨相繼。故此境已南，濫波已北，其國風土，並多溫疾。而諸僧徒以十二月十六日入安居，三月十五日解安居，斯乃據其多雨，亦是設教隨時也。其俗則志性恇怯；容貌鄙陋，粗知信義，不甚欺詐。語言去就，稍異諸國。字源二十五言，轉而相生，用之備物，書以橫讀，自左向右，文記漸多，逾廣窣利。多衣㲲，少服褐。貨用金、銀等錢，模樣異於諸國。

> Leaving the Iron Gate, one arrives at the country of Tuhuoluo. Its terrain stretches over a thousand li from south to north, and three thousand li from east to west. To the east it is bounded by the Congling Mountains, to the west it connects with Bolasi, to the south lies the Great Snow Mountains, and to the north it is backed by the Iron Gate. The great river Fuchu flows through its central region westward. For several hundred years, the royal lineage has died out, and local chieftains have vied for power, each claiming lordship. They divide into twenty-seven states, occupying territories according to rivers and mountains. Although they demarcate their lands, all are collectively subject to the Turkic tribes. The climate is warm, and epidemics are common. At the end of winter and beginning of spring, continuous rains fall. Thus, from this region southward to Lanbo in the north, the customs and lands are often plagued by warm-weather diseases. Monks here begin their summer retreat on the sixteenth day of the twelfth month and end it on the fifteenth day of the third month. This is based on the heavy rainfall, adapting the teaching to local conditions. The people are timid and fearful by nature, with coarse appearances. They have a rough sense of integrity and honesty, but are not particularly deceitful. Their language and expressions differ somewhat from other kingdoms. Their writing system originates from twenty-five letters, which combine to form words. These letters are used to write all things, with text read horizontally from left to right. Their written records are gradually increasing, expanding beyond the Suli script. Most wear cotton cloth, few wear wool. Their currency uses gold and silver coins, which differ in design from those of other kingdoms.

順縛芻河北下流至呾蜜國。

> Downstream from Shun River along the northern bank lies the country of Tami.