---
title: "舍利弗阿毘曇論 · 9 大品"
description: "《舍利弗阿毘曇論》是部派佛教重要论典，由罽宾高僧昙摩耶舍与昙摩崛多等译于姚秦弘始年间（公元5世纪初）。本论相传为佛陀大弟子舍利弗所述，系统阐述阿毘达磨对法义理，涵盖蕴、处、界、谛、道品等核心教义，体系严整。该论反映了说一切有部的哲学思想，是研究早期佛教教理的关键文献，对汉传阿毘曇学发展影响深远，为南北朝毗昙学派奠定了理论基础。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcvrmv4h0fgwl604rjy5vbc7"
---

### 舍利弗阿毘曇論問分大品第九

> Shariputra Abhidharma Treatise, Questions Section, Great Chapter 9

問曰：幾大？答曰：四。何等四？地、水、火、風大。云何地大？二地大，內地大、外地大。云何內地大？若身內別堅受堅，骨齒爪髮毛、妍膚肌皮筋、脾腎肝肺心、腸胃大腸小腸、大腹小腹糞穢，此身及餘內受堅，名內地大。云何外地大？外非受堅，銅鐵鉛錫白鑞、金銀真珠琉璃珂貝璧玉珊瑚、錢性寶貝珠、沙石土鹹鹵石、糞掃灰土地、草木枝葉莖節，及餘外非受堅，名外地大。如是內地大、外地大，名地大。

> Question: How many great elements are there? Answer: Four. What are the four? Earth, water, fire, and wind — the great elements. What is the earth element? There are two kinds: the internal earth element and the external earth element. What is the internal earth element? That which is solid and firm within the body, whether it is experienced or not, such as bones, teeth, nails, hair, skin, flesh, sinews, spleen, kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, stomach, large intestines, small intestines, the abdomen, the lower abdomen, and waste matter. Whatever else in the body is solid and firm — this is called the internal earth element. What is the external earth element? That which is solid and firm outside, not experienced by the body, such as copper, iron, lead, tin, silver, gold, pearls, crystal, conch shells, jade, coral, precious stones, sand, gravel, soil, salt flats, rocks, discarded debris, ashes, earth, grass, trees, branches, leaves, stems, and joints. Whatever else outside is solid and firm — this is called the external earth element. Thus, the internal earth element and the external earth element together are called the earth element.

云何水大？二水大，內水大、外水大。云何內水大？身內受水，膩涎癊、膽肝肪髓腦、脂𦙽涕唾膿血小便，及餘身內受水潤等，名內水大。云何外水大？若外水膩非受，蘇油生酥、蜜黑石蜜、乳酪酪漿、醪酒甘蔗酒蜜酒，及餘外水膩非受，名外水大。如是內水大、外水大，名水大。

> What is the water element? There are two aspects: internal water and external water. What is the internal water element? Within the body, it includes fluids such as sweat, saliva, mucus, bile, liver fat, marrow, brain, grease, tears, phlegm, pus, blood, urine, and other internal fluids that moisten and lubricate the body. This is called the internal water element. What is the external water element? External fluids that are not part of the body, such as butter, raw butter, honey, molasses, milk, curds, whey, fermented drinks, sugarcane wine, honey wine, and other external liquids that are moist and not part of the body. This is called the external water element. Together, the internal and external water elements constitute the water element.

云何火大？二火大，內火大、外火大。云何內火大？身內火受熱，若熱、能令熱、身熱內燋，若服食飲等消，及餘身內別受火，名內火大。云何外火大？外火非受熱，火熱日熱珠熱、舍熱牆熱山熱、穀氣熱草熱木熱、牛𡱁糞熱，及餘外火熱非受，名外火大。如是內火大、外火大，名火大。

> What is the fire element? There are two kinds of fire element: the internal fire element and the external fire element. What is the internal fire element? That which is inside the body and experienced as heat—whether it is warmth, the ability to produce warmth, inner heat that burns within the body, the heat that digests food and drink, or any other heat experienced inside the body—is called the internal fire element. What is the external fire element? That which is outside the body and not experienced as internal heat—such as the heat of fire itself, the heat of the sun, the heat of a heated gem, the heat of a heated house, the heat of a heated wall, the heat of a heated mountain, the heat of ripening grain, the heat of grass, the heat of wood, the heat of cow dung, or any other external heat not experienced within the body—is called the external fire element. Thus, the internal fire element and the external fire element together are called the fire element.

云何風大？二風大，內風大、外風大。云何內風大？身受風，上風下風、依節風攣躄風骨節遊風、出息入息風，餘內別受風，名內風大。云何外風大？外風非受，東風南風西風北風、雜塵風不雜塵風、冷風熱風、黑風旋嵐風動地風，及餘外風非受，名外風大。如是內風大、外風大，名風大。

> What is the wind element? There are two aspects: the internal wind element and the external wind element. What is the internal wind element? The wind experienced within the body—upward-moving wind, downward-moving wind, wind in the joints, wind that causes cramps and paralysis, wind circulating through the bones, and the winds of inhalation and exhalation—along with any other internal wind that is felt, is called the internal wind element. What is the external wind element? External wind that is not felt—east wind, south wind, west wind, north wind, wind carrying dust, wind without dust, cold wind, hot wind, dark storm winds, swirling gales, earth-shaking winds, and any other external wind that is not felt—is called the external wind element. In this way, the internal wind element and the external wind element together are called the wind element.

四大，幾色、幾非色？一切色。

> The four great elements — are they material or non-material? They are all material.

四大，幾可見、幾不可見？一切不可見。

> Of the four elements, how many are visible and how many are invisible? None are visible—all are invisible.

四大，幾有對、幾無對？一切有對。

> Of the four great elements, how many are tangible and how many are intangible? All are tangible.

四大，幾聖、幾非聖？一切非聖。

> The four great elements—are they sacred or not sacred? They are all not sacred.

四大，幾有漏、幾無漏？一切有漏、一切有愛、一切有求、一切當取、一切有取、一切有勝。

> Four elements: how many are defiled, and how many are undefiled? All are defiled, all are subject to craving, all are sought after, all should be clung to, all are objects of clinging, all are subject to superiority.

四大，幾受、幾非受？一切二分或受或非受。云何地大受？地大若內，名地大受。云何地大受？地大業法煩惱所生報我分攝，名地大受。云何地大非受？外地大，名地大非受。水、火、風大亦如是。

> The four great elements: how many are grasped, how many are not grasped? All of them are twofold — either grasped or not grasped. What is the grasped earth element? If the earth element is internal, it is called the grasped earth element. What is the grasped earth element? The earth element that is born from karma, dharmas, and afflictions, and is part of the self's sphere, is called the grasped earth element. What is the ungrasped earth element? The external earth element is called the ungrasped earth element. The water, fire, and wind elements are likewise.

四大，幾有報、幾無報？一切無報。

> The four great elements—how many have karmic retribution and how many do not? None of them have karmic retribution.

四大，幾心、幾非心？一切非心。

> The four great elements, how many are mind, how many are not mind? All of them are not mind.

四大，幾心相應、幾非心相應？一切非心相應。

> The four great elements — how many are associated with the mind, and how many are not? None are associated with the mind; all are not associated with the mind.

四大，幾心數、幾非心數？一切非心數。

> Of the four great elements, how many are mental factors, and how many are not mental factors? All are not mental factors.

四大，幾緣、幾非緣？一切非緣。

四大，幾共心、幾不共心？一切不共心、一切不隨心轉。

四大，幾業、幾非業？一切非業。

四大，幾業相應、幾非業相應？一切非業相應。

四大，幾共業、幾非共業？一切不共業、一切不隨業轉。

四大，幾因、幾非因？一切因。

四大，幾有因、幾無因？一切有因、一切有緒、一切有緣、一切有為。

四大，幾知、幾非知？一切知，如事知見。

四大，幾識、幾非識？一切識，如事識；一切了，如事知見。

四大，幾斷智知、幾非斷智知？一切非斷智知。

四大，幾修、幾非修？一切非修。

四大，幾證、幾非證？一切證，如事知見。

四大，幾善、幾不善、幾無記？一切無記。

四大，幾學、幾無學、幾非學非無學？一切非學非無學。

四大，幾報、幾報法、幾非報非報法？一切二分或報或非報非報法。云何地大報？地大受，名地大報。云何地大報？地大業法煩惱所生報我分攝，名地大報。云何地大非報非報法？外地大，名地大非報非報法。水、火、風大亦如是。

四大，幾見斷、幾思惟斷、幾非見斷非思惟斷？一切非見斷非思惟斷。

四大，幾見斷因、幾思惟斷因、幾非見斷非思惟斷因？一切三分或見斷因或思惟斷因或非見斷非思惟斷因。云何地大見斷因？若見斷法報地大，名地大見斷因。云何地大思惟斷因？思惟斷因法報地大，是名地大思惟斷因。云何地大非見斷非思惟斷因？善法報地大非報非報法，名地大非見斷非思惟斷因。水、火、風大亦如是。

四大，幾欲界繫、幾色界繫、幾無色界繫、幾不繫？一切二分或欲界繫或色界繫。云何地大欲界繫？欲漏有漏地大，名欲界繫。云何地大色界繫？色漏有漏地大，名色界繫。水、火、風大亦如是。

四大，幾過去、幾未來、幾現在？一切三分或過去或未來或現在。云何地大過去？地大生已滅，名過去。云何地大未來？地大未生未出，名未來。云何地大現在？地大生未滅，名現在。水、火、風大亦如是。