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  1. Sutra on the Three Grades of Disciples Spoken by the Buddha (佛說三品弟子經)
  1. Sutra on the Three Grades of Disciples Spoken by the Buddha (佛說三品弟子經)
  2. Sutra on the Three Grades of Disciples Spoken by the Buddha (佛說三品弟子經)

Sutra on the Three Grades of Disciples Spoken by the Buddha (佛說三品弟子經)

About 佛說三品弟子經

Wu · Source text translated by 支謙

990 · about 3 min

The Sutra on the Three Grades of Disciples Spoken by the Buddha, translated by the Three Kingdoms period translator Zhi Qian of the state of Wu, is one of the important early scriptures of Chinese Buddhism. As a descendant of the Yuezhi people, Zhi Qian was proficient in both Sanskrit and Chinese. With the support of Sun Quan, he undertook translation work in Jianye. This sutra primarily expounds upon the three levels of a disciple’s practice: the superior, middling, and inferior grades, detailing their respective stages of cultivation and fruition. It emphasizes the integrated path of upholding precepts, meditation, and wisdom. The sutra systematically discusses the progressive stages of a Buddhist practitioner, providing clear guidance for both lay devotees and monastics. As an early Chinese-translated Buddhist scripture, it holds significant value for the study of the spread of Buddhism during the Three Kingdoms period and the development of practice theory, occupying a unique place within the Chinese Buddhist disciplinary system and the doctrine of sequential stages of cultivation.


佛說三品弟子經

Sutra of the Three Grades of Disciples

吳月氏國居士支謙譯

Translated by the Layman Zhi Qian of the Yuezhi Kingdom

聞如是:

Thus have I heard:

一時佛在舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園,與比丘千二百五十人共會說經。

Once, the Buddha was staying at the Jeta Grove in the kingdom of Shravasti, together with a community of one thousand two hundred and fifty monks, gathered to hear him teach the Dharma.

賢者阿難從坐起,白佛言:「願欲有所問,唯天中天解說,欲決狐疑!」

The venerable Ananda rose from his seat and said to the Buddha, "I wish to ask a question. Please, O Heavenly One, explain it so that I may resolve my doubts."

佛言:「善哉!恣所問。多陀竭當為汝解說之。」
阿難問佛言:「優婆塞學道,有上、中、下輩。願佛解之!」
佛語阿難:「汝乃為當來後世發此問,如來當為汝說之。諦聽受,內著心中!」
阿難言:「諾,受教。」
佛言:「上輩優婆塞、優婆夷受持五戒,不犯如毛髮者。若行教授開解人者,皆令發菩薩心。何謂菩薩心者?念十方人如視赤子,度人入道,作摩訶衍行;具足教授,無所希望,不求供養衣被、飯食、珍寶、錢財之物;不為小道,以度人為本。」
「何謂小道?」佛言:「以入大法作摩訶衍行,求須陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢、辟支佛。是為小道,非菩薩。菩薩法者,教授一切,使入般若波羅蜜,解漚惒拘舍羅,得薩芸若慧。當知是人作行來久,是過去佛時人,供養師父如佛無異。如是行者,為上優婆塞、優婆夷也。
「中輩優婆塞、優婆夷者,亦受五戒,不犯如毛髮者;亦是過去佛時人。本學道,不值明師,不聞般若波羅蜜,不曉漚惒拘舍羅,但行一波羅蜜,布施、持戒、忍辱、精進、一心,不於經法中見慧。逮前功德,得入人道,頗有宿識,得生法門,守戒完具,視於師父如佛無異,終不犯戒。如是行者,為是中輩優婆塞、優婆夷。
「下輩優婆塞、優婆夷者,雖受五戒,悉還犯之。若見明師、曉法賢者,便從受問法要。當時歡喜,向其悔過罪,更精進五戒,尤無反復。懷恊欲意,不復持佛戒。自貢高,還自憎明師、賢者,謗說長短:『我更見明師戒深慧,當護方便!』不知是師但食供養,反信受其言,不精經、戒。是優婆塞、優婆夷為擔死人種,不當與共會同坐起。壞人好心行,開化人民,受其法戒,希望供養,欲得錢財、穀帛給活妻子。假佛威神,心不念十方五道中人,欲令度脫,反為受者作想,不語摩訶衍慧。是為不精佛正真之法,語受經人言:『當避世間人因緣,多少飲酒。佛有百味之食,不斷人酒。家不持戒者,若僮客、奴婢,請使他人平殺生耳,起手莫為。』非佛弟子,復限佛功德。」
「何等為限佛功德?」佛言:「既行開授人民,不欲令四輩聞知。」
阿難長跪問佛:「何為不欲令四輩聞知?」
「是優婆塞、優婆夷愚心不解,自謂為黠,實不曉了經中深要之慧。不恥不知,反為新學賢者作限礙,不欲令見明解好師。所以者何?欲得獨供養,反蔽障大道。是優婆塞、優婆夷雖為度人,不見般若波羅蜜,不解漚惒拘舍羅。是為盲冥專行小道,或教人作福,無四等心,施不普及。請彼置此,道法不使。爾四天王太子使者、護佛道神,一一記之,稍稍去離之,勅伺命計集、積累其罪,條疏名,錄白上帝。年壽未盡,頓遣惡神,因其犯戒之間奪其餘命。自然墮落泥犁中,當更十八獄罪,至天地燒乃出,或墮一禽獸中,或入人道。若在人道者,當在愚癡,不見法家生。」
佛言:「阿難!道宜數數聚會講說,法義不可不障,愚人道當得斷法,滅佛教罪。」
諸弟子聞佛說經,莫不戰慄,皆正心受教,為佛作禮。
佛說三品弟子經

CBETA Code: T0767

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Copyright: Original texts from CBETA
AI translation for reference only — not authoritative, not a statement of final truth. Awakening of the Dharma requires personal practice.