鉢制意
The Meaning of the Bowl Rule
事鈔(下二)引僧祇云。鉢是出家人器。非俗人所宜。十誦云。鉢是恒沙諸佛標誌。不得惡用。善見云。三乘聖人皆執瓦鉢。乞食資生。四海以為家居。故名比丘。中阿含云。鉢者或名應器。言體者。律云。大要有二。泥及鐵也。五分律云。有用白銅鉢者佛言此外道法。若畜得罪。佛自作鉢坯。以為後式。十誦律云。畜金銀木石等鉢。非法得罪。言色者。四分云。應熏作黑色赤色。律文廣有熏法。素瓦白鐵油塗者。並為非法。言量者。四分云。大受三斗。小受斗半。中品可知。此律姚秦時譯。彼國用姬周之斗。若準唐斗。上鉢受一斗。下者五升。乃至云。然則諸部定量。雖無一指。然多以三斗斗半為限。但此器名應器。須依教立。律云。量腹而食度身而衣趣足而已。言通增減。必準正教。
The Commentary on the Vinaya,(second fascicle below) citing the Saṅghika Vinaya, says: "The alms bowl is a utensil for renunciants; it is not suitable for laypeople." The Ten Recitations Vinaya says: "The bowl is the emblem of the buddhas of the Ganges' sands; it must not be put to bad use." The Good Explanation says: "The saints of the Three Vehicles all carry clay bowls, sustaining life by begging for food, and take the four seas as their home—therefore they are called monks." The Middle Length Āgama says: "The bowl is also called the 'vessel of worthiness.'" As for the substance: the Vinaya says there are chiefly two kinds—clay and iron. The Five Part Vinaya says: "When some used white-copper bowls, the Buddha said, 'That is the practice of non-Buddhists. To keep one incurs an offense.' The Buddha himself made a clay bowl as a model for later generations." The Ten Recitations Vinaya says: "To keep bowls of gold, silver, wood, stone, or the like is contrary to the Dharma and incurs an offense." As for color: the Four Part Vinaya says: "They should be smoked to black or red." The Vinaya texts contain extensive methods of smoking; plain clay, white iron, and those painted with oil are all contrary to the Dharma. As for capacity: the Four Part Vinaya says: "The large holds three pecks, the small holds one and a half pecks; the middle size may be known accordingly." This Vinaya was translated in the Yao-Qin period; that country used the peck of the Ji-Zhou dynasty. Measured by the Tang peck, the large bowl holds one peck and the small holds five sheng. And further: although the various schools' fixed measures do not agree in a single finger's breadth, most take three pecks and one and a half pecks as the limit. But this vessel is called the "vessel of worthiness" and must be established according to the teaching. The Vinaya says: "Eat according to your belly, wear clothes according to your body, and merely suffice." As for the general allowance for increase or decrease, one must follow the orthodox teaching.