Six Identities Doctrine (六即義)

About 六即義

Tang · by 行滿述

658 · about 2 min

The Doctrine of the Six Identities was expounded by the Tang dynasty Tiantai master Xingman. It is one of the key teachings of the Tiantai school. This treatise systematically explains the six stages from an ordinary being to Buddhahood: identity in principle, identity in name, identity in contemplative practice, identity in resemblance, identity in partial realization, and identity in ultimate realization. It emphasizes the inherent Buddha-nature within all beings and the gradual process of cultivation and attainment. Its roots lie in the thought of Master Zhiyi, and it played a crucial role in the development and transmission of Tiantai teachings during the Tang and Song dynasties. The Doctrine of the Six Identities precisely summarizes the stages of practice in Tiantai's perfect and sudden calm-abiding and insight. It affirms the universality of Buddha-nature while pointing out the necessity of practice. It has become one of the core theories of Tiantai doctrinal classification and practical cultivation, exerting a profound influence on the practice theory of Chinese Buddhism.