---
title: "大乘義章 · 46 七漏義(五末)"
description: "大乘義章是隋代高僧慧遠所著的一部重要佛教論典。該書創作於南北朝佛教義學興盛之際旨在系統闡釋大乘佛教的核心教義。全書內容廣博對名相、法數、教理等進行了精細分梳與詮釋涵蓋空有、佛性、修行等多個關鍵領域體系嚴整被譽為中國佛教史上的百科全書式著作。此書不僅總結了南北朝佛教的思想精華更對後世天台、華嚴等宗派的教理發展產生了深遠影響是研究漢傳大乘佛教思想不可或缺的權威典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwjp6kw0g9nl704abc9l76v"
---

### 七漏義

> Seven Types of Leaks

七漏之義。涅槃經中具廣分別。如成實云。七漏之義。如七漏經。當應於彼涅槃經矣。一切煩惱。流注不絕。其猶瘡漏。故名為漏。漏別不同。一門說七。七名是何。一是見漏。二是修漏。三名根漏。四名惡漏。五親近漏。六名受漏。七名念漏。言見漏者。蓋乃從於所障為名。見疑煩惱。能障見道。故名見漏。言修漏者。亦月從於所障為名。三漏煩惱。能障修道。故名修漏。言根漏者。如經中說。眼耳鼻等。能生曰根。依根生漏。故名根漏。言惡漏者。所謂一切惡象惡王惡國惡知識等。能損害人。說之為惡。惡能生漏。故名惡漏。親近漏者。衣服飲食房舍醫藥。於此四事。近而生漏。名親近漏。言受漏者。受意覺能生諸漏。故名受漏。三惡覺者。如涅槃說。欲瞋及惱。是三覺也。言念漏者。邪念名念。念能生漏。故名念漏。名義如是。七中前二。是其漏體。後五是其生漏因緣。體謂一切諸結煩惱。約道不同。故分二種。障見諦者。說為見漏。障修道者。說為修漏。就後五種漏因緣中。根惡親近。是其漏緣。受之與念。是其漏因。就彼緣中。有內有外。根漏是內。餘二是外。外有違順。惡漏是違。親近是順。此三同能遠助生漏。故說為緣。就彼因中。因受三覺而生漏故。說受為因。因於邪念而起漏故。說念為因。問曰。經說。受想觸欲同是漏因。今是何故不說為因。釋言。皆是直是聖教隱顯言耳。七漏之義。略辨如是。

> Here is the meaning of the Seven Outflows. The \*Nirvana Sutra\* explains this in full detail. As the \*Satyasiddhi Shastra\* says, the meaning of the Seven Outflows is as taught in the \*Seven Outflows Sutra\*; for that, one should refer to the \*Nirvana Sutra\*. All defilements flow forth without cease, like pus seeping from a sore, and so they are called "outflows." Though the outflows differ, they are spoken of as seven under one classification. What are these seven? First, the outflow of views; second, the outflow of cultivation; third, the outflow of the sense faculties; fourth, the outflow of evil; fifth, the outflow of attachment; sixth, the outflow of feeling; and seventh, the outflow of thought. The "outflow of views" is named after what it obstructs. Views and doubt, being defilements, can obstruct the path of insight, and so they are called the outflow of views. The "outflow of cultivation" is likewise named after what it obstructs. The three outflows of defilement can obstruct the path of cultivation, and so they are called the outflow of cultivation. The "outflow of the sense faculties" is as the sutras say: the eyes, ears, nose, and so forth are called sense faculties because they give rise to perception. Outflows arise depending on the sense faculties, and so they are called the outflow of the sense faculties. The "outflow of evil" refers to all evil appearances, evil kings, evil countries, evil teachers, and so forth. These can harm people and are called evil. Evil can give rise to outflows, and so it is called the outflow of evil. The "outflow of attachment" refers to clothing, food, shelter, and medicine. Becoming attached to these four things gives rise to outflows, and so it is called the outflow of attachment. The "outflow of feeling" is so called because feelings and perceptions give rise to all outflows. The three evil perceptions, as the \*Nirvana Sutra\* explains, are desire, anger, and vexation. The "outflow of thought" is so called because wrong thoughts give rise to outflows, and so it is called the outflow of thought. Such is the meaning of these names. Of the seven, the first two are the essence of the outflows themselves, while the latter five are the causes and conditions that give rise to outflows. The essence consists of all the fetters and defilements, which are divided into two kinds according to the path they obstruct. Those that obstruct insight into truth are called the outflow of views, and those that obstruct the path of cultivation are called the outflow of cultivation. Among the five kinds of causes and conditions, the sense faculties, evil, and attachment are the conditions for outflows, while feeling and thought are the causes. Among these conditions, there are internal and external. The outflow of the sense faculties is internal, while the other two are external. Among the external, there are adverse and favorable. The outflow of evil is adverse, while the outflow of attachment is favorable. These three all distantly contribute to giving rise to outflows, and so they are called conditions. Among the causes, outflows arise because of the three evil perceptions of feeling, so feeling is called a cause; and outflows arise because of wrong thoughts, so thought is called a cause. Someone may ask: "The sutras say that feeling, perception, contact, and desire are all causes of outflows. Why are they not all spoken of as causes here?" The explanation is that this is simply a matter of what is revealed or concealed in the sacred teachings. Thus has the meaning of the Seven Outflows been briefly explained.