---
title: "大乘義章 · 123 四德處義(一一)"
description: "大乘義章是隋代高僧慧遠所著的一部重要佛教論典。該書創作於南北朝佛教義學興盛之際旨在系統闡釋大乘佛教的核心教義。全書內容廣博對名相、法數、教理等進行了精細分梳與詮釋涵蓋空有、佛性、修行等多個關鍵領域體系嚴整被譽為中國佛教史上的百科全書式著作。此書不僅總結了南北朝佛教的思想精華更對後世天台、華嚴等宗派的教理發展產生了深遠影響是研究漢傳大乘佛教思想不可或缺的權威典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwjp7dz0gp4l704z3rhe824"
---

### 四德處義三門分別辨相一　約對四家會名分別二　就位分別三

> Four Virtues in Three Sections<note>Part 1: Defining Characteristics - Comparison with Four Schools; Part 2: Classification by Position; Part 3</note>

第一辨相。四德處義如成實說。德成分齊名為德處。處別不同。一門說四。四名是何。一慧德處。二實德處。三捨德處。四寂滅德處。如論中釋聞法生慧名慧德處。依前慧故見真諦空名實德處。實猶諦也。此亦是慧。為別前門從境立稱。故名實處。見諦空故捨離煩惱名捨德處。前實德處亦捨煩惱。此捨德處亦見諦實。為別前門隱顯異名。捨煩惱故心得寂滅名寂滅德處。以離煩惱苦心滅故。論釋如是此一門竟。

> First, distinguishing the characteristics. The meaning of the four bases of virtue is as explained in the \*Satyasiddhi\* treatise. The extent of virtue established is called a "base of virtue." Since the bases differ, in one approach they are taught as four. What are these four names? First, the base of wisdom virtue. Second, the base of truth virtue. Third, the base of renunciation virtue. Fourth, the base of stilling virtue. As the treatise explains, hearing the Dharma gives rise to wisdom, which is called the base of wisdom virtue. Relying on that wisdom, seeing the truth of emptiness is called the base of truth virtue. "Truth" here also means reality. This too is wisdom; to distinguish it from the previous category, it is named after its object, hence called the "base of truth." Having seen the truth of emptiness, one lets go of afflictions, which is called the base of renunciation virtue. The previous base of truth virtue also relinquishes afflictions, and this base of renunciation virtue also sees reality truthfully. To distinguish the two categories, they differ in what is revealed or hidden. Because one has relinquished afflictions, the mind attains stilling, which is called the base of stilling virtue. Because one has departed from the afflictions and the mind is stilled, it is so explained. The treatise explains it thus—this one section ends here.

次就四家會名分別。此四德處十地論中名為四家。聖所依處名之為家。家與德處眼目之異。名字是何。一般若家。猶前第一慧德處也。二者諦家。猶前第二實德處也。三捨煩惱家。猶前第三捨德處也。四苦清淨家。猶前第四寂滅德處。名雖變改其義不殊此二門竟。

> Now, regarding the four "houses" and their names, these four virtues are called the four houses in the \*Ten Stages Sutra\*. The "house" is where the sages rely, and it is simply another term for the abode of virtues. What are their names? First, the house of wisdom, which corresponds to the first abode of the virtue of wisdom. Second, the house of truth, which corresponds to the second abode of the virtue of reality. Third, the house of abandoning afflictions, which corresponds to the third abode of the virtue of renunciation. Fourth, the house of purity from suffering, which corresponds to the fourth abode of the virtue of tranquility and cessation. Though the names differ, their meaning remains unchanged<note>These two sections are now complete</note>.

次第三門就位分別。此四行實並通上下。於中分別非無差異。異相如何。初慧德處。在見道前。以見道前依於聞法起聞思修故。說慧亦即名為般若家也。實德處者。在見道中。以見道中初見諦理從境立稱。故名實處。亦名諦家。捨德處者。在修道中。重緣諦理正能斷除貪瞋等過名捨德處。亦即名為捨煩惱家。寂滅處者。在無學道。無學聖智永盡生死。故云寂滅。亦即名為苦清淨家。大小齊然。四德處義略之云爾。

> The three stages and four gates are now distinguished individually. These four practices indeed run through both the higher and lower levels. Yet within them, differences are not absent. What are these differences? The first, the place of Wisdom Virtue, is before the path of seeing. Since before the path of seeing one relies on hearing the Dharma and cultivates hearing, reflecting, and meditating, it is called wisdom—also known as the House of Prajna. The place of True Virtue is in the path of seeing. Because in the path of seeing one first perceives the truth of reality and is named from that object, it is called the True Place, also known as the House of Truth. The place of Renunciation Virtue is in the path of cultivation. By repeatedly contemplating the truth of reality and properly cutting off attachments such as greed and aversion, it is called the Place of Renunciation Virtue—also known as the House of Abandoning Defilements. The place of Quiescent Extinction is in the path of no more learning. The sage's wisdom of no more learning forever ends birth and death, hence it is called Quiescent Extinction—also known as the House of Purifying Suffering. This applies equally to both greater and lesser vehicles. The meaning of the four virtue places is briefly summarized thus.