---
title: "大乘義章 · 188 菩薩十力義(一四)"
description: "大乘義章是隋代高僧慧遠所著的一部重要佛教論典。該書創作於南北朝佛教義學興盛之際旨在系統闡釋大乘佛教的核心教義。全書內容廣博對名相、法數、教理等進行了精細分梳與詮釋涵蓋空有、佛性、修行等多個關鍵領域體系嚴整被譽為中國佛教史上的百科全書式著作。此書不僅總結了南北朝佛教的思想精華更對後世天台、華嚴等宗派的教理發展產生了深遠影響是研究漢傳大乘佛教思想不可或缺的權威典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwjp7sq0gzzl704zf9fhdgq"
---

### 菩薩十力義

> The Ten Powers of a Bodhisattva

菩薩十力出大智論。行心堅固魔法不壞名之為力。力義不同。一門說十。十名是何。一發心堅固力。求一切智不退轉故。二大慈力。常能不捨諸眾生故。三大悲力。不求利養化眾生故。四精進力。能信出生諸佛法故。五禪定力。雖起智慧威儀之行不失壞故。具智慧力。遠離二邊隨十二緣。斷諸邪見滅戲論故。七不厭力。常受生死教化眾生。集諸善行無疲厭故。八無生忍力。觀法實相知無我故。九解脫力。入三解脫門。及知二乘得解脫故。十無礙智力。於法自在知眾生心所趣向故。又華嚴中更說十力。與前十種有同有異。十名是何。一直心力。一切世界無染著故。二深心力。不壞一切諸佛法故。三方便力。究竟一切菩薩行故。四智慧力。知眾生心故。五者願力。令一切眾生願滿足故。六者行力。盡未來際不斷絕故。七者乘力。出生普現一切乘故。八神通力。於一毛道示現一切清淨世界一切如來出興世故。九菩提力。覺悟菩提與一切眾生心念等故。十轉法輪力。於一句法分別演說。隨順一切眾生悕望及諸根故。此十種中初直心力是前十中具智慧力及無生忍力。第二深心是前十中精進之力。第三方便第六行力是前十中不疲厭力。第四慧力第十轉法輪力是前十中無礙智力。第五願力是前十中初發心力。第七乘力是前十中解脫之力。以知三乘解脫法故。後十種中神通力菩提力前十不論。前十種中慈悲定力後十不說。又首楞嚴中更說十力。一菩提心力。堅守不失。二於不思議佛法得深信力。深信不疑。三於多聞得不妄力。堅持不失。四往來生死得無疲力。常能處之。五於眾生得大悲力。常能攝化。六於布施得堅捨力。恒施不休。七於持戒得不壞力。堅持不犯。八於忍辱得堅受力。常能忍受。九魔不能壞得智慧力。不為魔動。十於諸深法得信樂力。樂求無厭。此之十種與大智論所說十力有同有異。初菩提心力是彼第一發心之力。第二深信是彼第四精進之力。能信出生諸佛之法。第四無疲是彼第七無厭力也。第五於生得大慈者。是彼第二大慈之力。及第三門大悲之力。第九於魔得智慧力。是彼第六具智慧力。及第十門無礙智力。第十深法得信樂者。是彼第八無生忍力。及第九門解脫之力。此中多聞布施持戒忍辱之力彼中不論。彼中定力此處不說。十力如是。

> The Ten Powers of a Bodhisattva are explained in the Great Treatise on Perfection of Wisdom. When the mind is firm and the Dharma cannot be destroyed, this is called "power." The meaning of "power" varies, so a single teaching presents ten kinds. What are these ten? 1. \*\*Power of Resolute Resolve\*\*: The resolve to seek all-knowing wisdom without turning back. 2. \*\*Power of Great Compassion\*\*: Constantly not abandoning all sentient beings. 3. \*\*Power of Great Sorrow\*\*: Teaching sentient beings without seeking personal gain. 4. \*\*Power of Diligence\*\*: Being able to believe in and bring forth all Buddha-dharmas. 5. \*\*Power of Meditative Concentration\*\*: Though engaging in the conduct of wisdom and dignified bearing, one does not lose or break it. 6. \*\*Power of Complete Wisdom\*\*: Avoiding the two extremes, following the twelve links of dependent origination, cutting off all false views, and eliminating idle speculation. 7. \*\*Power of Non-Weariness\*\*: Enduring birth and death to teach sentient beings, accumulating good deeds without fatigue or aversion. 8. \*\*Power of Patient Acceptance of Non-Arising\*\*: Observing the true nature of reality and knowing there is no self. 9. \*\*Power of Liberation\*\*: Entering the three gates of liberation and knowing that even the two lesser vehicles attain liberation. 10. \*\*Power of Unobstructed Wisdom\*\*: Being at ease with the Dharma and knowing the inclinations of sentient beings' minds. Additionally, the \*Avatamsaka Sutra\* describes ten powers that share similarities and differences with the previous ten. What are these ten? 1. \*\*Power of Upright Mind\*\*: Not being attached to any world. 2. \*\*Power of Deep Mind\*\*: Not destroying any Buddha-dharma. 3. \*\*Power of Skillful Means\*\*: Fully accomplishing all Bodhisattva practices. 4. \*\*Power of Wisdom\*\*: Knowing the minds of sentient beings. 5. \*\*Power of Vows\*\*: Fulfilling the wishes of all sentient beings. 6. \*\*Power of Practice\*\*: Continuing without interruption through all future time. 7. \*\*Power of Vehicles\*\*: Bringing forth the appearance of all vehicles. 8. \*\*Power of Spiritual Powers\*\*: In a single hair-tip, revealing all pure worlds and all Buddhas appearing in the world. 9. \*\*Power of Enlightenment\*\*: Awakening to enlightenment equally with the thoughts of all sentient beings. 10. \*\*Power of Turning the Dharma Wheel\*\*: Expounding a single phrase in various ways, conforming to all sentient beings' hopes and capacities. Among these ten, the first, the power of upright mind, corresponds to the sixth (complete wisdom) and eighth (patient acceptance of non-arising) in the earlier list. The second, deep mind, corresponds to the fourth (diligence) in the earlier list. The third, skillful means, and the sixth, practice, correspond to the seventh (non-weariness) in the earlier list. The fourth, wisdom, and the tenth, turning the Dharma wheel, correspond to the tenth (unobstructed wisdom) in the earlier list. The fifth, vows, corresponds to the first (resolute resolve) in the earlier list. The seventh, vehicles, corresponds to the ninth (liberation) in the earlier list, because it understands the liberation teachings of the three vehicles. In the latter ten, the powers of spiritual powers and enlightenment are not discussed in the earlier ten. In the earlier ten, the powers of compassion, sorrow, and meditative concentration are not mentioned in the latter ten. Furthermore, the \*Śūraṅgama Sūtra\* also presents ten powers: 1. \*\*Power of Bodhi Mind\*\*: Firmly upholding it without loss. 2. \*\*Power of Deep Faith in Unthinkable Buddha-Dharma\*\*: Believing deeply without doubt. 3. \*\*Power of Not Forgetting What Is Heard\*\*: Holding firmly without losing it. 4. \*\*Power of Non-Weariness in Birth and Death\*\*: Always able to abide in it. 5. \*\*Power of Great Compassion for Sentient Beings\*\*: Always able to embrace and transform them. 6. \*\*Power of Firm Giving in Generosity\*\*: Giving constantly without rest. 7. \*\*Power of Unbreakable Morality\*\*: Upholding precepts without violation. 8. \*\*Power of Firm Patience\*\*: Always able to endure. 9. \*\*Power of Wisdom that Māra Cannot Destroy\*\*: Not being moved by māras. 10. \*\*Power of Joyful Faith in Deep Dharma\*\*: Happily seeking it without fatigue. These ten share similarities and differences with the ten in the \*Great Treatise\*. The first, bodhi mind, corresponds to the first (resolute resolve) there. The second, deep faith, corresponds to the fourth (diligence) there, as it can believe in and bring forth the dharmas of all Buddhas. The fourth, non-weariness, corresponds to the seventh (non-weariness) there. The fifth, great compassion for sentient beings, corresponds to the second (great compassion) and the third (great sorrow) there. The ninth, wisdom against māras, corresponds to the sixth (complete wisdom) and the tenth (unobstructed wisdom) there. The tenth, joyful faith in deep Dharma, corresponds to the eighth (patient acceptance of non-arising) and the ninth (liberation) there. In this list, the powers of hearing much, giving, morality, and patience are not mentioned in the earlier list. The meditative concentration power from the earlier list is not mentioned here. Such are the ten powers.