佛說出家緣經
The Sutra on the Causes of Renunciation
後漢安息國三藏安世高譯
Translation by An Shigao, Tripitaka Master from Parthia, Later Han Dynasty
如是我聞：
Thus have I heard:
一時婆伽婆在王舍城耆闍崛山，與大比丘僧俱，千二百五十。是時，難提優婆塞與五百優婆塞出王舍城，上耆闍崛山往詣佛所，頭面禮足，長跪叉手問佛：「大德！願聞優婆塞五戒；毀犯正戒有何惡事？」
At one time, the Blessed One was residing on Vulture Peak in Rajagriha, together with a large assembly of monks, twelve hundred and fifty in number. At that time, the lay disciple Nandi, accompanied by five hundred lay disciples, left Rajagriha and climbed Vulture Peak to visit the Buddha. After prostrating at his feet with their heads touching the ground, they knelt upright with palms pressed together and asked the Buddha: "Great Sage, we wish to hear about the five precepts for lay disciples—what are the harmful consequences of breaking these virtuous precepts?"
佛答：「難提優婆塞！楚害生命有十惡事。何等十？現世常懷害心；後世毒心隆赫，恒被痛害；怨怨不息，人不喜見；思慮多惡，見者怖懼；眠不安寐；夢則惶怖；覺則驚悸；死時狂勃，種短命栽；身壞命終生地獄中；設得為人多病少命。是為十惡事。
The Buddha replied, "Nandi, the lay devotee! Taking life brings ten terrible consequences. What are these ten? In this life, one constantly harbors harmful intentions; in the next life, a venomous mind grows fierce, and one is always afflicted with pain; grudges never end, and people dislike seeing you; your thoughts are filled with evil, and those who see you are frightened; sleep brings no peace; dreams are filled with terror; waking brings shock and alarm; at death, one rages wildly, planting the seeds of a short life; when the body perishes and life ends, one falls into hell; and if one is reborn as a human, one suffers from many illnesses and a short lifespan. These are the ten terrible consequences."
「偷劫他財，有十惡事。何等十？貪餮深重，恒為眾疑；能興重惡，行則非時，動則非法；親友惡逆，賢良踈遠；敗戒果敢；常懼王伺，須財市命；種遺寶物；貧弊之業；身壞命終生地獄中；設得為人，飢寒困苦，致財良難，雖獲少財，五事共之——王、賊、水、火及惡妻子；今乃藏埋，會亦當失。是為十惡事。
Stealing others' property brings ten evil consequences. What are the ten? Deep greed and craving, always arousing suspicion from others; able to create grave wrongdoing, acting at improper times, moving in unlawful ways; friends and relatives turn against you, virtuous people distance themselves; breaking precepts with boldness; constantly fearing the king's punishment, needing wealth to save one's life; leaving behind hidden treasures; the occupation of poverty and hardship; when the body breaks and life ends, one falls into hell; even if reborn as a human, one suffers hunger, cold, and misery—acquiring wealth is extremely difficult, and even if one gains a little, it is shared by five forces: the king, thieves, water, fire, and wicked wives and children; though one may bury it now, it will inevitably be lost. These are the ten evil consequences.
「邪婬有十惡事。何等十？常為其夫伺捕楚毒，室家不和；善法消竭，不善法增；危敗軀身；不檢其妻，不守財賄；常為人疑，宗親不信；種業如是；門不貞潔；身壞命終生地獄中；設得為女，非獨一主；設得為男，馳騁邪婬，自失其妻。是十惡事。
"Indulging in illicit sexual conduct brings ten evils. What are these ten? One is constantly being watched and punished by one's spouse, leading to discord at home. Two is that virtuous qualities diminish while unwholesome qualities increase. Three is that it endangers and destroys one's body. Four is that one fails to manage their spouse and protect their wealth. Five is that one is constantly suspected by others and not trusted by relatives. Six is that such karmic consequences follow. Seven is that the household loses its purity and honor. Eight is that upon death of the body, one falls into hell. Nine is that if reborn as a woman, one will not have a single master; if reborn as a man, one will indulge in reckless lust and lose one's own spouse. These are the ten evils."
「妄語中有十惡事。何等十？口常臭爛；善神背叛，凶鬼易陵；實言流世，眾所不信；俗為重事，不在言議；未有實事，惡名遠聞，為人輕毀，不起恭肅；雖言有實，人不奉用；多懷愁怖；種誹謗業；身死命終生地獄中；設得為人，常被誹謗。是十惡事。
Lying brings ten kinds of harm. What are these ten? One's mouth often has a foul odor; protective spirits turn away, and malicious ghosts easily harass one; even if one speaks the truth, people do not believe it; in important matters, one's words carry no weight; without having done anything wrong, one's reputation is ruined, and people despise and belittle one, showing no respect; even if one's words are true, others refuse to accept or follow them; one is often filled with worry and fear; one creates the karma of slander; at death, one falls into hell; and if reborn as a human, one is constantly slandered. These are the ten harms of lying.
「飲酒有三十五惡。何等三十五？散盡財賄；致眾苦患；怨諍增重；裸露形軀；惡名遐邇；慧明日減；應得不得；已得便失；顯揚惡事；要務頓發憂慼之本；恍惚變沒；顏貌鄙惡；輕慢尊長；不知供養沙門、婆羅門；自於室家不辨尊卑；不宗敬佛；不崇大法；不敬事僧；返親惡人；遠離明能；崩墜邪道；無慚愧心；不護根門；惛荒婬欲；眾所不愛；人不喜見；德士宿舊咸來咎責；集造眾惡；要用之勢，不豫識任；智德隱避；像類不別；去泥洹遠；種狂惑業；身死命終生地獄中；設得為人，愚癡頑瞶。」
Drinking alcohol brings thirty-five kinds of harm. What are these thirty-five? It drains away your wealth and possessions; it brings countless suffering and hardship; it stirs up resentment and conflict; it leaves you exposed and shameless; it spreads a bad reputation far and wide; it dims your wisdom and insight day by day; what should be gained is not gained; what has already been gained is soon lost; it puts your misdeeds on public display; it becomes the root of worry and sorrow that strikes without warning; it causes confusion and instability; it makes your appearance coarse and unpleasant; it leads you to disrespect elders and superiors; it makes you neglect offering support to monks and holy men; it blurs the lines of respect within your own household; it turns you away from revering the Buddha; it makes you disregard the profound Dharma; it leads you to neglect serving the monastic community; instead, it draws you close to evil people; it drives you far from the wise and capable; it makes you fall into wrong paths; it erases any sense of shame; it leaves your senses unguarded; it fuels reckless lust; it makes you unloved by others; people no longer wish to see you; virtuous elders and old friends all come to rebuke you; it piles up evil deeds; it destroys your ability to manage important matters with foresight; it hides away wisdom and virtue; it blurs the distinction between what is proper and improper; it pulls you far from liberation; it plants seeds of confusion and madness; and when your life ends, you will fall into the hell realms. Even if you are reborn as a human, you will be dull, foolish, and stubborn.
是時，難提優婆塞及五百清信士、諸天、世人、四輩之眾，聞佛所說，畢命受持，頭面遶竟，踊悅而去。
At that time, the lay devotee Nanti, along with five hundred faithful male disciples, the gods, celestial beings, humans, and the fourfold assembly, heard what the Buddha had said. They accepted it wholeheartedly and upheld it to the end of their lives. After paying homage by prostrating and circumambulating him, they departed with great joy.
佛說出家緣經
The Sutra on the Causes of Renunciation