---
title: "律抄第三卷手決 · 大妄語戒"
description: "律抄第三卷手決是佛教律宗重要典籍，相传为唐代高僧道宣律师所著。该书成书于中国佛教律学鼎盛时期，系统总结了佛教戒律的精要，尤其侧重比丘、比丘尼的日常行为规范与戒律实践。内容涵盖衣、食、住、行等僧团生活细节，并阐释持戒与修行的内在关联。作为南山律宗的核心文献之一，该手決不仅为唐宋时期僧团提供了权威戒律指南，更对汉传佛教律学体系的形成产生深远影响，至今仍被视为了解佛教戒律思想的重要参考。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwplq4a276zjs044nn5onvh"
---

### 大妄語戒

> The Precept Against False Speech

戒本七句。若比丘者。能犯人也。二實無所知者。明其境虛。三自種言我得上人法我已入聖智勝法我知是我見是。已來正障過體我得上人法。總舉過人法。我已入聖智勝法。別舉無師過人法。言勝法者。別舉有師過人法。言我知是我見是者。重語前二句。已入聖智勝法等兩句。四彼於異時若問若不問欲自清淨故作是說我實不知不見言知言見。虛誑妄語等明其自言。彼於異時者謂非妄語時。我實不知不見言知言見虛誑妄語。以道。前罪故五。除增上慢者。除開勝也。無師聖法名為增上。未得謂得。名之為慢。忍教無知聖不結罪故云除也。六結罪。是比丘波羅夷。喻云。譬如大石分為兩片。不可還合。比丘亦如是。七不共住者。謂殯也。就結章中又分三位。初諸大德我已說四波羅夷法者。告眾情也。二若比丘犯一一波羅夷乃至波羅夷不應共住。除擬執也。三今問法大德已下至是事如是持。問淨勸眾令持。

> Here is the modern English translation of the Buddhist monastic precept text: --- The seven clauses of this precept: 1. "If a monk" — this identifies the person who could commit the offense. 2. "Truly knows nothing" — this clarifies that the state being claimed is false. 3. "Claims for himself: 'I have attained superior human states, I have entered the noble wisdom and supreme Dharma, I know this, I see this'" — the phrase "I have attained superior human states" generally refers to qualities beyond ordinary human capacity. "I have entered noble wisdom" specifically refers to superior states attained without a teacher. The phrase "supreme Dharma" refers to superior states attained with a teacher. "I know this, I see this" repeats the two prior claims. 4. "Later, whether questioned or not, wishing to clear himself, he says: 'I truly did not know, did not see, but I said I knew, I said I saw'" — this refers to his own false statement. "At another time" means when he is not lying. The claim "I truly did not know, did not see, yet I said I knew, I said I saw" is a false and deceptive speech, which points to the previous offense. 5. "Except for those with overweening pride" — this is an exemption. The noble Dharma without a teacher is called "superior." Not having attained it but claiming attainment is called "pride." One who endures and teaches out of ignorance is not held guilty by the noble ones; hence the exemption. 6. "The offense" — such a monk is guilty of a defeat (pārājika). The analogy: like a great rock split into two pieces that cannot be joined again, so too is the monk. 7. "Should not dwell together" — this means expulsion. In the concluding section, there are three parts: First, "Venerable ones, I have spoken the four rules of defeat" — this informs the assembly. Second, "If a monk commits any one of these defeats, even one, he should not dwell together" — this warns against any intention to transgress. Third, from "Now I ask you, venerable ones" to "This matter is thus and thus should be upheld" — this asks for the assembly's confirmation and encourages them to uphold the precepts.

造房緣起也。世尊因呵責造過量房。引龍像二喻及賴吒事。便呵責制戒。往昔恒水邊有𧋠髻梵志。每被摩尼乾龍所纏極成憂悴。乃至佛所令乞珠云。我今須如此。頸下珠瓔珞。汝以信樂心。施我嚴好珠。龍云。我所致財寶。緣由此珠故。汝是乞求人。不後來相見。又有一比丘。在林邊坐禪。每被虫鳥驚恐。即來白佛。佛令乞翅。鳥云。我本致飲食。良由此兩翅。今者從我乞。吏我臆捨地。又有比丘。名曰賴吒。是長者子。自出家已來不從父。乞其父曰。未見有沙門。婆門不從我乞者。汝是我子。何為不從我乞。比丘說偈言。多求人不愛。不得懷怨恨。是故我不乞。恐生增減故。戒本三句。若比丘。能犯人。二自求作屋已下至無妨處無妨處來。正教比丘房量大小指受方軌也。三若比丘有難處妨處自求作屋不將等至尸沙。違教結罪。

> The origin of the building rule. The World-Honored One, after rebuking a monk for building an excessively large dwelling, cited two similes—one of a dragon and one of an elephant—along with the story of Rāṣṭrapāla. He then admonished and established the precept. In the past, by the banks of the Ganges, there lived a matted-haired ascetic who was perpetually tormented by being coiled around by a mani dragon, causing him immense distress. He went to the Buddha and asked him to request a jewel from the dragon, saying, "I now need such a thing—a necklace of jewels at the throat. Out of your faith and joy, grant me your fine jewel as a gift." The dragon replied, "All the wealth I have came about because of this jewel. You are a beggar, and we will not meet again." There was also a monk who sat in meditation by the forest's edge, constantly startled by insects and birds. He came to tell the Buddha, who instructed him to ask for the bird's wings. The bird said, "My food and drink have always come from these two wings. Now you ask them of me—I would rather fall to the ground and die." There was also a monk named Rāṣṭrapāla, a nobleman's son, who after ordaining had never begged from his father. His father said, "I have never seen a renunciant or brahmin who would not ask something of me. You are my son—why do you not ask of me?" The monk spoke this verse: "One who asks too much is not loved, and if one does not receive, one harbors resentment. Therefore I do not ask, lest I create increase or decrease." The precept text has three parts: First, "Should any monk" — the one who is capable of offending. Second, "if he himself builds a dwelling" down to "a place without hazards and without obstacles" — this instructs on the proper method and measurement of a dwelling for a monk. Third, "if a monk, in a place with hazards or obstacles, himself builds a dwelling without bringing it to the monks" down to the confession — violating this constitutes an offense.