---
title: "法華經玄義節要 · 四開合"
description: "明末高僧智旭节录天台宗实际创始人智顗所著《法华玄义》之精要而成《法华经玄义节要》。本书基于《妙法莲华经》阐释诸法实相、开权显实、会三归一的核心教义系统论述五重玄义即名体宗用教以揭示一乘圆顿之理。作为天台宗哲学纲要性著作它浓缩了智顗大师的圆教思想为中国佛教义学高峰之作对后世影响深远是研习天台止观与法华思想的重要典籍。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcwv4izq078qle04lop7zugw"
---

四開合者，五章釋一經，種種分別令易解故。凡三種開合，謂五種、十種譬喻。五種者，釋名通論事理，顯體專論理，宗用但論事，教相分別事理。釋名通說教行，顯體非教非行，宗用但行，教相但教。釋名通說因果，顯體非因非果，宗自因果，用教他因果，教相分別上法耳。釋名通論自行化他，體非自非他，宗是自行，用是化他，教相分別自他。釋名通論說默，體非說非默，宗默用說，教相分別。十種者，釋名總論三軌，體宗用開對三軌，教相分別三軌。釋名總論三道，體宗用開對三道，教相分別三道。乃至第十，釋名總論三德，體宗用開對三德，教相分別三德。譬喻者，譬如總名人身，開身則有識命煗，分別諸身貴賤賢愚種種差降。人身譬名，識以譬體，命以譬宗，煗以譬用，分別譬教相。

> \*\*The Four Openings and Closings: Five Categories Explain the Sutra, Various Distinctions Make It Easy to Understand\*\* \*\*General Principle:\*\* There are three types of openings and closings: the five kinds, the ten kinds, and the metaphor. \*\*The Five Kinds:\*\* In explaining the title: one discusses principles and facts broadly; making the essence clear focuses solely on principles; the function and practice deal only with facts; and teaching classification distinguishes both principles and facts. In explaining the title: one discusses both teaching and practice broadly; the essence is neither teaching nor practice; function and practice are only practice; teaching classification is only teaching. In explaining the title: one discusses both cause and effect broadly; the essence is neither cause nor effect; the function has its own cause and effect; practice uses it to teach others cause and effect; teaching classification distinguishes the above teachings. In explaining the title: one discusses oneself and transforming others broadly; the essence is neither self nor other; the function is self-practice; practice is transforming others; teaching classification distinguishes self and other. In explaining the title: one discusses speaking and silence broadly; the essence is neither speaking nor silence; the function uses silence; practice uses speech; teaching classification distinguishes them. \*\*The Ten Kinds:\*\* In explaining the title: one discusses the three principles comprehensively; the essence, function, and practice are opened in response to these three principles; teaching classification distinguishes them. In explaining the title: one discusses the three paths comprehensively; the essence, function, and practice are opened in response to these three paths; teaching classification distinguishes them. Continuing in this way up to the tenth: In explaining the title: one discusses the three virtues comprehensively; the essence, function, and practice are opened in response to these three virtues; teaching classification distinguishes them. \*\*The Metaphor:\*\* It is like using the general name "human body" — when opening the body, there are consciousness, life force, and warmth; and distinguishing various bodies as noble or lowly, wise or foolish, with many kinds of differences. The human body is analogous to the title; consciousness is analogous to the essence; life force is analogous to the function; warmth is analogous to practice; distinguishing is analogous to teaching classification.