---
title: "弘戒法儀 · 將登壇授具足戒預問難法儀第五"
description: "弘戒法儀由明代高僧法藏禅师辑录，是一部关于佛教戒律传授仪轨的重要典籍。该书编纂于明末佛教戒律重整时期，系统汇集了传戒、受戒、持戒的规范程序和仪轨细节，包括戒场布置、师承要求、羯磨作法及戒子行持等内容。它不仅是汉传佛教授戒仪式的权威指南，也对后世戒律传承与佛教制度规范化产生了深远影响，是研究明代佛教律宗和戒律思想的重要文献。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcx0440e07xdjl043wptzsp3"
---
### 將登壇授具足戒預問難法儀第五
> Ceremony for Questions and Challenges Before Ordination on the Platform, Section 5
凡諸沙彌欲求具足戒之先。敬具瓣香。詣引請師所。一觸禮乞。引至方丈大和尚前。沙彌住立一面。引請。二人向和尚作禮跪。白云彼沙彌某甲。求授具足大戒。惟願和尚大德。忍僧證明允肯。叩首起。問訊。傍立。招諸沙彌。過和尚前云來。又云一行序戒立宗。又云露頂整理衣服。又云展全具脫革屣。又云志誠頂禮三拜。胡跪合掌。其首領沙彌白云佛道難遭。戒法難得。幸逢和尚。開接凡流。願賜具足大戒。端秉受持。成佛利生。用報恩德。和尚答云善哉可爾。汝當先於闍黎處。問無遮難。方堪入戒。引請沙彌諾云敬如教命。起身再三。拜收具。引請問訊。導出。次至教授寮。引請對教授師問訊。招沙彌過師前云嚴具威儀展半具。作禮三拜。胡跪合掌。引請啟白云和尚差某甲。引請某甲。沙彌求大德。為彼問難。明白乞轉。白和尚授具足戒。惟願大德。慈悲為彼問難。教授云善哉可爾。少間俟候引請云起身觸禮禮畢。引出。引請報知行者。法堂具香燭法几偏座畢。引請率沙彌。迎請教授師。登座引請。舉香讚云
> When any novice monk wishes to seek the Full Precepts, they should first respectfully offer incense and go to the requesting teacher. After one respectful bow and request, the teacher leads them to the great abbot's quarters. The novice stands to one side while the requesting teacher and a companion bow to the abbot, kneel, and announce: This novice \[name\] seeks the Full Precepts. We humbly ask the venerable abbot, in your great virtue, to bear witness and grant your approval.They bow with forehead touching the ground, rise, and join palms in greeting. Then, standing aside, they gesture to the other novices and say:Come forward.Then say:Line up according to your ordination sequence.Then say:Remove your head coverings and straighten your robes.Then say:Spread out your full sitting cloth and take off your leather sandals.Then say:With sincere intention, bow three times in full prostration. Then kneel on one knee with palms joined.The lead novice announces:The path of Buddha is rare to encounter, and the Precepts are difficult to obtain. Fortunately, we have met the abbot, who opens the way for ordinary beings. We earnestly request the Full Precepts, to uphold them with steadfastness, to attain Buddhahood and benefit all beings, and thus repay your kindness.The abbot replies:Excellent, so be it. You should first go to the preceptor and ask about the major obstacles and hindrances. Only then are you fit to receive the Precepts.The requesting novice responds:We respectfully follow your instruction.They rise and bow again, three times, then fold away their sitting cloths.The requesting teacher bows in greeting and leads them out. Next they go to the instructor's quarters. The requesting teacher greets the instructor with a bow and gesture, then guides the novices before the teacher and says:Adjust your appearance with proper dignity and spread your half sitting cloth. Bow three times in prostration, then kneel on one knee with palms joined.The requesting teacher announces:The abbot has assigned \[name\] to request that \[name\], and these novices ask you, great teacher, to examine them. We humbly request that you ask the necessary questions and then report back to the abbot so they may receive the Full Precepts. We sincerely ask you, in your compassion, to examine them on the obstacles.The instructor says:Excellent, so be it. Wait here for a moment.The requesting teacher says:Rise and bow.After the bows are complete, they lead the novices out. The requesting teacher then informs the attendants that the incense, candles, Dharma seat, and side seats have been prepared in the Dharma Hall. The requesting teacher leads the novices to welcome the instructor, who ascends the seat. The requesting teacher raises the incense and chants the praise:
信香初蔚。上座光臨。生平遮難吐傾心。隱覆罪彌深。輕重無禁。方稱比丘身。
> The first wisps of incense rise, and the venerable one graces us with their presence. Throughout my life, I have concealed my difficulties and withheld my true heart. Hidden faults only deepen my transgressions. Whether light or heavy, no restriction—only then can one truly embody the life of a monk.
香雲葢菩薩摩訶薩
> Homage to the Bodhisattva Mahasattva of the Fragrant Cloud Canopy.
善男子。聞磬聲各禮三拜。胡跪合掌。稱自己名字。白云夫七眾以比丘為首。三聚以具戒為尊。須求淨器。受彼醍醐。合選良材。斵成梁棟。運斤在于大匠。陶冶不越輪繩。我今為汝謹請某大德。為汝作審問。遮難阿闍黎請師之語。汝合自陳。恐汝未能代為唱舉。汝當志誠隨我啟請。
> Good man, upon hearing the sound of the bell, each of you should bow three times, then kneel with your hands pressed together and state your name. This is what you should say: Among the seven groups of practitioners, the monks are foremost. Among the three sets of precepts, the complete precepts are most revered. One must seek a pure vessel to receive the finest nectar, and select good timber to be crafted into beams and pillars. The ax is wielded by the master carpenter, and the shaping never deviates from the plumb line. Now I respectfully invite the venerable master to serve as your examiner, to investigate any obstacles or hindrances \[to your ordination\]. Since you may not be able to express the request yourself, I will speak on your behalf. You should sincerely repeat after me as I make this request.
大德一心念。我某甲謹請大德。為我作審明遮難阿闍黎。願大德為我作審明遮難阿闍黎。我依大德故。得明遮難法。慈愍故一拜。慈愍故一拜。大慈愍一拜。
> Venerable Sir, with a focused mind I respectfully request. I, \[name\], humbly invite you, Venerable Sir, to serve as my preceptor for examining obstacles and hindrances. May you, Venerable Sir, consent to be my preceptor for this examination. Through your guidance, I will understand the method of clarifying obstacles. Out of compassion, \[bow\], out of compassion, \[bow\], with great compassion, \[bow\].
闍黎云未受沙彌戒者出否。答云已出。
> The Master said: Have those who have not received the Novice Precepts left? The answer said: They have left.
闍黎作白。
> The teacher makes an announcement.
善男子等。汝既殷勤伸請。我當為汝作預先問難阿闍黎所有言教。汝當諦聽。
> Good men, since you have earnestly requested, I will offer you the preliminary questions and challenges regarding the teachings of the teacher. Listen carefully.
闍黎云。
> The master said:
第一位善男子。當先問難。其餘且起。逐位次第細審。
> The first good man should begin by asking challenging questions. The rest may rise later, and proceed one by one, carefully examining each in turn.
第一位胡跪合掌
> The first one knelt on one knee, palms pressed together in reverence.
闍黎拈起三衣一鉢。示眾云。
善男子 分明記取。此是安陀會。此是多羅僧。此是僧伽黎。薩婆多云此三衣。名九十六種外道所無。唯佛法中有。今故示汝也。此是鉢多羅。十誦云。鉢是恒沙諸佛之標誌也。今問此衣。是汝製辦而有否答有。問。善男子 諦聽。今是志誠時。實語時。我今當問汝。汝隨我問。應實答。若不實答。得加故妄語之罪。實者言實。若不實者。當云不實。汝不曾犯邊罪。答云無。解云恐汝不識邊罪之名。我今明解。謂曾受佛五戒十戒已來。復破犯淫殺盜大妄語之四重。即是佛法海外來人。永不許入佛。故名邊罪。汝不有耶。答云無。問。汝今識我語否。如不識。與不問無別。不成受戒。問。汝於沙彌時及白衣時。不曾淫污淨行比丘尼之梵行耶。答云無。問。汝於沙彌時白衣時。曾盜。聽大僧說戒。妄言已受。遂受人尊敬供養。及同大僧。羯磨誦戒。同其利養。為賊住耶。答云無。問。汝非曾作外道九十六種。及此土五部六冊白蓮邪教等。及玄門種性。後既知非。入佛已。仍返行外道。如今又來求戒。謂之破內外道法。汝非其人耶。答云無。問。汝非生犍妬變半五種不男之黃門耶。男根不正。非法器故。答云無。問。汝非弒父者耶答云無。問。汝非弒母者耶。答云無。問。汝非弒阿羅漢者耶。答云無。問。汝非破和合僧者耶。答云無。問。汝非惡心出佛身血者耶。今既佛滅。當無事事。從源入流。或曾於祖師門下。曾謗曾害悟道大善知識。名為害發無上菩提心人。非其法道。絕其傳脉。亦為出佛身血。或以不信故。燒經剖斷絕僧種等。亦在其數。汝非此人耶。答云無。問。汝不是諸天鬼神變形來。此之非人耶。答云無。問。汝非龍狐畜生來授戒耶。答云無。問。汝非具男女兩根乖正法器之二形耶。答云無。問。
上來十三重難。汝既皆無。下有十六輕遮。今當問難。問。今汝法名為誰。答云某甲問。汝今授戒和尚字誰答云上某下某。問。汝今年滿二十否。答云已滿。問三衣有否。答云有。問。鉢多羅有否。答云有。問。臥具有否。答云有。問。父母聽汝否。答云聽。問。汝非負人債物不還而來受戒否。答云無。問。汝非他人家下使人否。答云無。問。汝非為官人為王家所攝否。答云無。問。今二十已滿。能耐寒暑風雨飢渴。能持戒一食。忍惡言及忍毒蟲等十事。為真丈夫否。答云是問。既是丈夫。當須無病。汝無疥癩癰疽白癩乾消癲狂。汝無此等病否。答云無。
輕遮重難。一切既無。甚是淨器。戒可得受。我今一一照詞登錄。呈復 和尚。以聽登壇授戒。倘到僧中。一如今答。毋令妄答。以取𠎝尤。汝當依教奉行。答教依奉行三稱。
善男子。且起立一面。請第二位善男子問難。
第二位胡跪合掌
闍黎從前更問。各各問畢闍黎按詞。逐名登簿。逐事開明。若有重難輕遮俱不。容受具足戒。以比丘為真佛種子。後為人天標指。不可草草者也。若有中間細事。可令志心懺悔。猶可入戒。其不容入戒者。當令懇禱懺悔。或見好相等而得授戒或得增戒益。其間若輕若重。闍黎師須按律。細為剖决。庶幾無過慎之慎之