---
title: "天目中峰廣錄 · 拈古"
description: "天目中峰廣錄是元代高僧中峰明本的著作集，收录其语录、诗文和书信等。中峰明本为临济宗著名禅师，师承高峰原妙，提倡禅净双修，影响深远。该书系统阐述禅宗思想，强调心性觉悟与净土信仰的结合，体现了元代佛教禅净融合的特点。作为临济宗重要文献，该书对后世禅宗发展有重要影响，是研究元代佛教思想与中峰明本禅学的重要资料，在佛教史上具有重要地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxgm79m02pglc04545oakdw"
---

## 天目中峯和尚廣錄卷第三

> The Third Volume of the Extensive Records of Venerable Zhongfeng of Tianmu

叅學門人北庭臣僧慈寂　上進

> Submitted by the Northern Court Official Monk Ciji, a Student of the School

### 拈古公案畧舉詳見諸錄

> Selecting Ancient Cases

梁武帝問達磨云。如何是聖諦苐一義。磨云。廓然無聖。又問。對朕者誰。磨云。不識。

> Emperor Wu of Liang asked Bodhidharma, "What is the supreme meaning of the holy truths?" Bodhidharma replied, "Vast emptiness, nothing holy." The emperor then asked, "Who is it that stands before me?" Bodhidharma answered, "I do not know."

師拈云。缺齒老僧手󵈢泥彈子。要與東震旦人闘富。可謂不知量矣。被梁王指出照乘明珠問之。情知伊道箇不識。

> The master raised his staff and said: "This old, toothless monk holds a mud pellet in his hand, yet wants to compete in wealth with the people of the Eastern Land. Truly, he does not know his own measure. When King Liang pointed out the radiant pearl and asked about it, he knew full well that the other would say, 'I don't know.'"

馬祖見野鴨問百丈云。是什麼。丈云。野鴨子。須󱅨不見。祖云。野鴨聻。丈云。飛去也。祖扭丈鼻負痛失聲。祖云。又道飛去也。丈於言下有省。

> Mazu saw a wild duck and asked Baizhang, "What is that?" Baizhang said, "A wild duck." Mazu said, "Where is it now?" Baizhang said, "It has flown away." Mazu then twisted Baizhang's nose, and Baizhang cried out in pain. Mazu said, "You still say it has flown away?" At these words, Baizhang was suddenly awakened.

師拈云。設錦穽以陷獸。垂香餌以釣魚。惟善作者能之。馬師擬獲一禽深入荒草。費盡腕力打破半邊鐵網。豈善作者哉。

> The master picked up the staff and said, "Setting a silken trap to catch beasts, dangling fragrant bait to hook fish—only the truly skilled can manage this. But when Master Ma tried to capture a single bird, he plunged deep into the wild grass, exhausted all his strength, and ended up breaking half the iron net. Was that the work of a true master?"

石鞏凡見僧張弓架箭示之。一日三平至。鞏云。看箭。平擘胷對之云。這是殺人箭。那箇是活人箭。鞏彈弦三下。平作禮。鞏云。我三十年架一張弓兩隻箭。只接得半箇聖人。遂拗折弓箭。

> Whenever Shigong saw a monk, he would draw his bow and aim an arrow at them. One day, Sanping arrived. Shigong said, "Watch the arrow!" Sanping opened his chest to face it and said, "This is the arrow that kills. Which one is the arrow that gives life?" Shigong plucked the bowstring three times. Sanping bowed in reverence. Shigong said, "For thirty years, I have held this one bow and two arrows, yet I have only met half a sage." Then he broke his bow and arrows.

師拈云。穿百步楊透九重鼓。固是眼親手便。其如半箇聖人有隱身之術。石鞏之技窮矣。

> The master raised his staff and said, "Shooting through a hundred paces of willow leaves, piercing nine layers of drums—this indeed shows keen eyes and swift hands. But what about the half-sage who possesses the art of invisibility? Stone Bow's skill has reached its limit."

興化謂克賓維那曰。汝不久為唱導之師。賓云。我不入這保社。化曰。儞會了不入。不會了不入。賔云。緫不與麼。化便打。

> Xinghua said to Kebin, the temple administrator, "You will soon become a guiding teacher." Kebin replied, "I will not join this group." Xinghua asked, "Do you understand and refuse to join, or do you not understand and refuse to join?" Kebin said, "Either way, it's not like that." Xinghua then struck him.

來日白眾曰。夜來克賓維那法戰不勝。罰饡飯一堂。不得喫飯即便出院。

> The next day, the master announced to the assembly: "Last night, the head monk Kebin was defeated in the Dharma battle. As punishment, he must provide a meal for all, but he himself is not allowed to eat it. He must leave the monastery immediately."

師拈云。有令不行有事不斷。天下之公患也。興化既行矣。又斷矣。未免旁觀者哂。

> The master raised the case and said: "To have an order but not carry it out, to have a matter but not decide it—this is a common affliction throughout the world. Xinghua has already carried it out, and he has already decided it. Yet he still cannot avoid the scorn of onlookers."

六祖一日見二僧論風旛義。祖云。非風動非旛動仁者心動。

> One day, the Sixth Patriarch saw two monks debating the meaning of the wind and the banner. The Patriarch said, "It is not the wind that moves, nor the banner that moves. It is your mind that moves."

師拈云。嘗鼎一臠具知眾味。非風動非旛動仁者心動。可謂鼎之一臠矣。使人不覺惡心嘔吐。

> The master picked up the incense and said: "A single taste from the cauldron reveals all its flavors. It was not the wind that moved, nor the banner—it was your own mind in motion. This could be called the one taste from the cauldron. Yet it makes people feel sick to their stomach, as if they need to vomit."

大覺謂興化曰。我聞儞道。向南方行脚一遭。拄杖頭不曾撥著一箇會佛法底是否。化便喝。覺便打。化又喝。覺又打。明日覺召化曰。我直下疑儞這兩喝。化又喝。覺又打。化又喝。覺又打。化曰。某甲學得箇賓主句。總被折倒了也。覺曰。這瞎漢脫下衲衣痛與一頓。化於言下大悟。

> Master Dajue said to Xinghua, "I heard you once said that during your travels in the south, your walking staff never once tapped someone who truly understood the Dharma—is that true?" Xinghua let out a shout. Dajue struck him. Xinghua shouted again. Dajue struck him again. The next day, Dajue called Xinghua over and said, "I have a doubt about those two shouts of yours." Xinghua shouted once more. Dajue struck him. Xinghua shouted again. Dajue struck him again. Xinghua said, "I've learned all about the guest and host roles, but now I’m completely defeated." Dajue replied, "You blind fellow, take off your robe and I’ll give you a good thrashing." At these words, Xinghua was greatly enlightened.

師拈云。二虎之下獸不容蹄。兩刃之間人不容足。當大覺興化棒喝交馳之際。豈容心思意解於其間哉。雖然只如大覺云脫下衲衣痛與一頓。興化言下大悟。又悟箇甚麼道理。這裏見得。許儞作臨濟半箇兒孫。

> The master raised his staff and said: "Between two tigers, no beast can place its hoof. Between two blades, no person can set their foot. When Dajue and Xinghua were exchanging blows and shouts in their teaching, how could there be any room for intellectual analysis or conceptual understanding in that moment? Nevertheless, consider this: Dajue said, 'Take off your robe and I'll give you a good beating.' Upon hearing these words, Xinghua attained great awakening. So what truth did he awaken to? If you can see clearly here, I'll permit you to be considered half a descendant of Linji.

僧問夾山。承和尚有言。二十年住此山。未曾舉著宗門中事是否。山曰是。僧便掀倒禪牀。山休去。明日普請掘一坑。召僧至曰。老僧二十年只說無義語。便請上座打殺老僧埋向坑中。上座不然自著打殺埋此坑中始得。其僧束裝潛去。

> A monk asked Master Jiashan, "I've heard it said that you've lived on this mountain for twenty years, yet have never brought up any matters of Zen. Is this true?" Jiashan replied, "Yes, it is." The monk immediately overturned the meditation seat. Jiashan let the matter rest. The next day, during communal work, Jiashan had a pit dug. He summoned the monk and said, "For twenty years, this old monk has spoken nothing but meaningless words. Please, Venerable One, strike me dead and bury me in this pit. If you cannot do so, then you yourself must be struck dead and buried here. Only then will it be right." Hearing this, the monk packed his belongings and secretly slipped away.

師拈云。這僧始則攙旗奪鼓。終則詐敗佯輸。夾山雖有添兵減竈之謀。爭奈脚跟下泥深三尺。

> The master raised the case and said, "This monk began by seizing the drum and banner, but ended by pretending defeat and retreat. Although Jiashan had the strategy of adding troops while reducing the cooking fires, how could he avoid sinking three feet deep in the mud beneath his own feet?"

臨濟三遭黃檗痛棒。後向大愚肋下築拳。次歸見黃檗云云。

> Linji received three severe blows from Huangbo. Later, he struck Dayu in the ribs with his fist. Then he returned to see Huangbo, and so on.

師拈云。汝師黃檗非干我事。大愚肋下更合喫拳。這風顛漢敢來這裏捋虎須。黃檗面門猶欠掌在。致使尿牀鬼子邪見勃興。賺他後代兒孫一箇箇鼓粥飯氣。

> The master then said, "Your teacher Huangbo has nothing to do with me. That fellow Dayu deserved another punch in the ribs. This madman dares to come here and tug at the tiger's whiskers! Huangbo's face still lacks a slap, which allowed those bedwetting ghosts to stir up wrong views, deceiving his descendants into puffing up with nothing but porridge and rice."

溈山因劉鐵磨來。云老牸牛儞來也。磨云。來日臺山會上有齋和尚還去麼。溈山作臥勢。磨便出去。

> Master Weishan saw Liu Tiemo arriving and said, "The old cow has come." Tiemo asked, "There's a feast at Mount Tai tomorrow. Will you go, Master?" Weishan lay down as if to sleep. Tiemo immediately left.

師拈云。溈山被鐵磨一拶拶倒。要起起不得。鐵磨被溈山一推推轉。要住住不得。本上座與麼批判。多少人在背後齩斷拇指。

> The master raised the case and said: "Weishan was pressed down by Tiemo's one squeeze, and couldn't get up even when he wanted to. Tiemo was pushed and spun by Weishan's one shove, and couldn't stop even when she wanted to. With this kind of judgment from me, how many people behind are gnawing their thumbs in frustration?"

月氏國王聞師子尊者有道。乃越國往見。尊者云。大王來時好道。去時亦如來時。王有省。

> The King of the Yuezhi Kingdom heard that Master Lion possessed the Way. He crossed the border to meet him. The Master said, "Great King, when you came, you were on the right path. When you depart, it is just as when you arrived." The King understood.

師拈云。飯裏沙泥中刺。彷彿不同依稀相似。大王來時好道。去時亦如來時。尊者黃金鑄面皮。

> The master picked up the matter and said: "Grit in the rice, thorns in the mud—though they seem different, they are vaguely similar. When the great king comes, it is well said; when he leaves, it is just as when he came. The venerable one's face is cast in gold."

雲門話墮因緣。

> The story of Yunmen's slip of the tongue.

師拈云。雪上霜枷上杻。覿面無私。移星換斗。要見這僧話墮處麼。且待三十年後。

> The master raised his staff and said: "Frost upon snow, shackles upon cuffs. Face to face, no partiality—shifting stars, turning constellations. Do you want to see where this monk's words fall? Wait thirty years, then you'll know."

南泉歸宗麻谷三人同去見忠國師。至中途南泉就地畫一圓相云。道得則去。歸宗坐在圓相裏。麻谷作女人拜。泉云。恁麼則不去也。

> Nanquan, Guizong, and Magu went together to visit National Teacher Zhong. On the way, Nanquan drew a circle on the ground and said, "If you can express it, we'll go on." Guizong sat down inside the circle. Magu made a woman's bow. Nanquan said, "If that's the case, then we won't go."

師拈云。南泉畫地為牢。歸宗墮坑落壍。麻谷恭而無禮。點撿將來一人。眼空四海一人舌拄梵天。一人入地獄如箭。

> The master raised his finger and said, "Nanquan drew a circle on the ground as a prison. Guizong fell into a pit and stumbled into a ditch. Magu was respectful yet lacked propriety. Upon closer inspection, one had eyes that saw through the four seas, one had a tongue that reached the heavens, and one descended into hell as swiftly as an arrow."

百丈野狐因緣。

> The Story of Baizhang and the Wild Fox.

師拈云。非不非是不是。坐斷兩頭劒去久矣。前百丈云不落。後百丈云不昧。看來也不較多。因甚麼有墮有脫。余二十年叅學不能明此。如有人明得此者。我當舍四大為繩牀而用供養。

> The master raised the matter and said: "Neither affirming nor denying, neither being nor not being—the sword that cuts off both extremes has long been laid aside. The former Baizhang said 'do not fall,' the later Baizhang said 'do not obscure.' Looking at them now, they are not so different. Why then are there states of falling away and states of liberation? For twenty years I have studied and practiced, yet I have not been able to clarify this. If there is anyone who can make this clear, I will offer my own body as a meditation seat and use it for their support."

僧問雪峯臨濟四喝意旨。峯云。我當時初行脚時便過河北。已值大師遷化。不得見他。所以至今不知。可往見他直下子孫。僧見南院。院云。那裏來。僧具陳前意。院乃展具遙禮雪峯云。天下古佛也。

> A monk asked Xuefeng, "What is the meaning of Linji's four shouts?" Xuefeng replied, "When I first started my pilgrimage, I passed through Hebei. It was just after the great master had passed away, so I never got to meet him. That's why, to this day, I don't know. You should go and see his direct descendants." The monk went to see Nanyuan. Nanyuan asked, "Where have you come from?" The monk explained his earlier question. Nanyuan then spread out his sitting mat, bowed from a distance toward Xuefeng, and said, "He is an ancient Buddha of the world."

師拈云。言不在口語不離舌。端的有來由。特地無交涉。臨濟四喝豈但雪峯不知。縱是他直下子孫。也未夢見在。不知且置。只如南院遙禮雪峯。是有來由耶。無交涉耶。這裏定當得下。要見臨濟也不難。

> The master picked up his staff and said, "Words are not spoken by the mouth, yet speech never leaves the tongue. There is indeed a clear origin, yet it has nothing to do with ordinary understanding. Linji's four shouts—not only did Xuefeng fail to grasp them, even his direct descendants have never dreamed of them. But let that aside for now. Consider Nan Yuan, who bowed from afar to Xuefeng—was this due to a clear origin, or was it unrelated? If you can discern this clearly, then seeing Linji will not be difficult."

南泉為兩堂首座爭猫遂斬之。晚趙州歸泉舉似。州乃脫草屨頂頭上而出。泉云。子若早歸救取猫兒。

> Nanquan saw the two head monks of the halls arguing over a cat, so he cut it in two. In the evening, Zhaozhou returned. Nanquan told him what had happened. Zhaozhou then took off his straw sandals, placed them on his head, and walked out. Nanquan said, "If you had come back earlier, you could have saved the cat."

師拈云。南泉劒為不平離寶匣。趙州藥因救病出金瓶。然雖慶快一時。爭奈古佛家風掃土矣。

> The master raised his staff and said: "Nanquan's sword, drawn from its jeweled sheath to right injustice; Zhaozhou's medicine, taken from its golden vial to cure illness. Though this brings a moment of swift relief, how can it avoid sweeping away the ancient Buddha's family style like dust?"

臨濟云。有時奪人。有時奪境。有時人境兩俱奪。有時人境俱不奪。

> Linji said: Sometimes I take away the person, sometimes I take away the surroundings, sometimes I take away both person and surroundings, and sometimes I take away neither.

師拈云。有時奪人錯。有時奪境錯。有時人境兩俱奪錯。有時人境俱不奪錯。臨濟大師到這裏鎻却咽喉了也。莫有為伊出氣者麼。切忌將錯就錯。

> The master raised his staff and said: Sometimes taking away the person is wrong. Sometimes taking away the environment is wrong. Sometimes taking away both person and environment is wrong. Sometimes taking away neither person nor environment is wrong. At this point, Master Linji has locked his own throat. Is there anyone who can breathe for him? But be careful not to compound one mistake with another.

臨濟謂三聖曰。吾遷化後不得滅却吾正法眼。聖云。爭敢滅却。濟云。他後有人問伊又如何祗對。聖便喝。濟云。誰知吾正法眼向這瞎驢邊滅却。

> Linji said to Sansheng, "After I pass away, do not let my true Dharma eye be extinguished." Sansheng replied, "How could I dare to let it be extinguished?" Linji asked, "If someone later asks you about it, how will you respond?" Sansheng let out a shout. Linji said, "Who would have thought my true Dharma eye would be extinguished by this blind donkey."

師拈云。認他財為己物。將官路當人情。濟之心亦濫矣。三聖當時見他道不得滅却吾正法眼。便與掩却臭口猶較些子。遽云。爭敢滅却。噫以聖較濟。又何止濫而已哉。

> The master picked up the staff and said: "To claim another's wealth as your own, to treat a public road as a personal favor—Jizong's mind has truly overstepped its bounds. Back then, when Sansheng heard him say, 'Do you dare to extinguish my true dharma eye?' he should have just covered that foul mouth of his—that would have been somewhat better. Yet he hastily replied, 'How would I dare extinguish it?' Alas, compared to a sage, Jizong is not merely overstepping—he is far worse."

靈雲有頌云。三十年來尋劒客。幾回葉落又抽枝。自從一見桃華後。直至如今更不疑。玄沙云。諦當甚諦當。敢保老兄未徹在。

師拈云。靈雲白日青天。向桃華樹下為魅所著。玄沙雖則除邪輔正激濁揚清。殊不知又是鬼門上貼卦。

藥山和尚久不上堂。院主云。大眾久思法誨。山云。打鼓著。眾集山陞座一詞不措。主白云。和尚今日陞座因甚麼一詞不措。山云。經有經師。論有論師。

師拈云。藥山久不上堂。與對眾一詞不措。將謂將謂。末後道箇經有經師論有論師。元來元來。

溈山云。老僧遷化後往山前檀越家。做一頭水牯牛。左肋下書五字云。溈山僧某甲。正恁麼時道是溈山僧却是水牯牛。道是水牯牛却是溈山僧。

師拈云。道是溈山僧却是水牯牛好。道是水牯牛却是溈山僧好。當時有人向他面前下得這兩箇好字。教他百刦千生要脫水牯牛。也未得在。

趙州一日見文遠侍者拜佛次。州以拄杖打之。遠云。拜佛也是好事。州云。好事不如無。

師拈云。文遠云拜佛也是好事。不妨軟頑。趙州云好事不如無。話墮了也。要知趙州老人話墮處麼。待伊磕破腦門即向儞道。

僧問汾陽。如何是祖師西來意。陽云。青絹扇子足風凉。

師拈云。拈得便用道出平常。山高水闊地久天長。青絹扇子足風凉。是拈得便用耶。道出平常耶。誰人知此意。令我憶汾陽。

僧問風穴。語默涉離微如何通不犯。穴云。長憶江南三月裏。鷓鴣啼處百華香。

師拈云。這僧問處。如大浸稽天。無物不在波瀾之內。風穴固是入水不溺。爭奈全身在裏許。

真點胷見慈明。明問佛法大意。真云。無雲生嶺上有月落波心。明訶之真乃理前問。明曰。無雲生嶺上有月落波心。真於言下大悟。

師拈云。驅耕夫牛奪飢人食。慈明老人未為好手。真點胷雖則向這裏懸崖撒手絕後再蘇。若要知佛法大意。更叅三十年始得。

玉澗頌雲門北斗藏身因緣云。北斗藏身為舉揚。法身從此露堂堂。雲門賺殺他家子。直至如今謾度量。後五祖戒問其作頌之意。澗乃張目視之。戒曰。若恁麼會。雲門不直一錢。公亦當無兩目。後澗果如其言。戒暮年亦失一目。覺範和尚曰。今妄意測度先德之言。疑誤後昆亦可以少戒。

師拈云。北斗藏身話。豈但玉澗頌不出。便是五祖戒。也只得向背後义手。暮年各損其目。也是好采。覺範謂。誣謗先宗感果如是。休將閑學解埋沒祖師心。