---
title: "優婆夷志 · 凌行婆"
description: "優婆夷志由清代郭凝之彙編、圓信較定，是一部記載在家女居士（優婆夷）修行事蹟的佛教傳記集。該書成於清代，輯錄歷代虔誠女性居士的修行經歷與感應故事，反映居士佛教在民間的發展。內容以因果勸善、持戒念佛為核心，展現女性在佛教修行中的貢獻與解脫之道。此書屬於佛教史傳文獻，雖非核心經典，但為研究居士佛教尤其是女性修行者提供了重要史料，體現了佛教平等與世俗化的精神。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxkougs00cujr04wwd351za"
---

### 凌行婆

> Elderly Woman Lingxing

凌行婆。來禮拜浮盃和尚。馬祖法嗣師與坐喫茶。婆乃問。盡力道不得底句。分付阿誰。師曰。浮盃無剩語。婆曰。未到浮盃。不妨疑著。師曰。別有長處。不妨拈出。婆斂手哭曰。蒼天中更添冤苦。師無語。婆曰。語不知偏正。理不識倒邪。為人即禍生。後有僧舉似南泉。泉曰。苦哉浮盃被這老婆摧折一上。婆後聞笑曰。王老師猶少機關在。澄一禪客。逢見行婆。便問。怎生是南泉猶少機關在。婆乃哭曰。可悲可痛。一罔措。婆曰會麼。一合掌而立。婆曰。伎死禪和。如麻似粟。一舉似趙州。州曰。我若見這臭老婆。問教口瘂。一曰。未審和尚怎生問他。州便打。一曰。為甚麼却打某甲。州曰。似這伎死漢。不打更待幾時。連打數棒。婆聞却曰。趙州合喫婆手裏棒。後僧舉似趙州。趙州哭曰。可悲可痛。婆聞此語。合掌歎曰。趙州眼光爍破四天下。州令僧問。如何是趙州眼。婆乃竪起拳頭。僧回舉似趙州。州作偈曰。當機覿面提。覿面當機疾。報汝凌行婆。哭聲何得失。婆以偈答曰。哭聲師已曉。已曉復誰知。當時摩竭國。幾喪目前機憨山評云。知事少時煩惱少。識人多處是非多。據趙州初然無事分痛。真乃决烈丈夫。末後又案却詞頭。添箇字脚。可謂失錢遭罪。株及根連。冤哉苦哉。雖然。行婆也非好心。大似抱贓呌屈。畢竟如何伸理即得。蒼天蒼天。所供是實。唱云。無言抵死細爭長。天眼遙觀大放光。為勸行婆休浪哭。幾人知痛出中腸。

> Ling Xing Po came to pay respects to Master Fubei.<note>Dharma successor of Mazu</note> The master invited her to sit and drink tea. The old woman asked, "A phrase that cannot be fully spoken with all one's effort—to whom should it be entrusted?" The master said, "Fubei has no superfluous words." The old woman said, "Without reaching Fubei, I cannot help but have doubts." The master said, "If there is a special quality, by all means bring it out." The old woman folded her hands and wept, saying, "In this vast sky, more injustice and suffering is added." The master remained silent. The old woman then remarked, "When words do not distinguish correct from biased, when principles do not recognize inverted from upright, causing harm to others is the inevitable result." Later, a monk mentioned this to Nanquan. Nanquan said, "How pitiful! Fubei has been thoroughly crushed by that old woman." The old woman later heard of this and laughed, saying, "Venerable Wang still lacks a few strategic moves." The Zen guest Chengyi encountered the old woman on the path and asked, "What does it mean that Nanquan still lacks a few strategic moves?" The old woman wept and said, "How sad, how painful!" Chengyi was bewildered. The old woman asked, "Do you understand?" Chengyi stood with palms together. The old woman remarked, "Meditation-conning dead monks are as numerous as hemp and millet." Chengyi later related this to Zhaozhou. Zhaozhou said, "If I saw that stinking old woman, I would question her until she was struck dumb." Chengyi asked, "May I ask, Master, how would you question her?" Zhaozhou struck him. Chengyi said, "Why are you hitting me instead?" Zhaozhou said, "For a deadbeat like this, if not now, then when?" And he struck him several more times. When the old woman heard of this, she said, "Zhaozhou deserves to be struck by this old woman's staff!" Later a monk reported this to Zhaozhou, who wept and said, "How sad, how painful!" Hearing these words, the old woman folded her palms with a sigh and exclaimed, "Zhaozhou's eyes shine brilliantly, illuminating the entire world." Zhaozhou sent a monk to ask her, "What is Zhaozhou's eye?" The old woman immediately raised her fist. When the monk returned and reported this, Zhaozhou composed a verse: "At the crucial moment, face-to-face it's raised— Face-to-face at the crucial moment is swift. I tell you, Ling Xing Po— How could your crying voice be lost?" The old woman replied in verse: "The Master's cry, you already discern— But who else may comprehend this? In the ancient land of Magadha, The moment's vital spark was nearly lost." <note>Hanshan's commentary: When you know fewer affairs, there is less worry; when you know many people, disputes increase. Zhaozhou, at the beginning, had nothing to do with this matter of pain—truly a man of resolute action. In the end, though, he overtook the course and added a phrase-stamp, one might say he lost money and then suffered for it, dragging roots and vines connected. Unjust! Bitter! Even so, the old woman was not well-intentioned either; greatly resembling one hugging stolen goods while crying of innocence. After all, how can one set matters of justice right? Ah, heavens! Heavens! All that was stated here is true. He sings: With silent determination, over trifles contends— Heaven's eye afar surveys, great radiance descends— To urge old Ling not to weep emptily in vain: Few know the ache that issues from deep within.</note>