---
title: "發菩提心經論 · 3 願誓品"
description: "发菩提心经论由古印度天亲菩萨造论，后秦高僧鸠摩罗什于公元5世纪初译成汉文。该论属大乘佛教重要典籍，系统阐述发菩提心的理论、方法及实践意义，强调慈悲与智慧并重，是修习菩萨道的基础指南。本论在汉传佛教中具有崇高地位，为信众发起和巩固菩提心提供了权威依据，对大乘佛教修行体系的形成与传播影响深远。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxu4erw01dvky04pg2fa839"
---

### 發菩提心經論願誓品第三

> Chapter 3: Vows and Aspirations

菩薩云何發趣菩提？以何業行成就菩提？發心菩薩住乾慧地，先當堅固發於正願，攝受一切無量眾生。「我求無上菩提，救護度脫令無有餘，皆令究竟無餘涅槃。」是故初始發心大悲為首，以悲心故能發轉勝十大正願。何謂為十？願我先世及以今身所種善根，以此善根施與一切無邊眾生，悉共迴向無上菩提。令我此願念念增長，世世所生常繫在心終不忘失，為陀羅尼之所守護。願我迴向大菩提已，以此善根，於一切生處常得供養一切諸佛，永必不生無佛國土。願我得生諸佛國已，常得親近隨侍左右如影隨形，無剎那頃遠離諸佛。願我得親近佛已，隨我所應為我說法，即得成就菩薩五通。願我成就菩薩五通已，即能通達世諦假名流布，解了第一義諦如真實性，得正法智。願我得正法智已，以無厭心為眾生說，示教利喜皆令開解。願我能開解諸眾生已，以佛神力遍至十方無餘世界，供養諸佛、聽受正法、廣攝眾生。願我於諸佛所受正法已，即能隨轉清淨法輪，十方世界一切眾生聽我法者、聞我名者，即得捨離一切煩惱發菩提心。願我能令一切眾生發菩提心已，常隨將護，除無利益、與無量樂，捨身命財攝受眾生、荷負正法。願我能負荷正法已，雖行正法心無所行，如諸菩薩行於正法，而無所行亦無不行。為化眾生不捨正願，是名發心菩薩十大正願。此十大願遍眾生界，攝受一切恒沙諸願。若眾生盡我願乃盡，而眾生實不可盡，我此大願亦無有盡。復次布施是菩提因，攝取一切諸眾生故。持戒是菩提因，具足眾善滿本願故。忍辱是菩提因，成就三十二相八十隨形好故。精進是菩提因，增長善行，於諸眾生勤教化故。禪定是菩提因，菩薩善自調伏，能知眾生諸心行故。智慧是菩提因，具足能知諸法性相故。取要言之，六波羅蜜是菩提正因，四無量心、三十七品、諸萬善行共相助成。若菩薩修集六波羅蜜，隨其所行，漸漸得近阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。諸佛子！求菩提者應不放逸，放逸之行能壞善根。若菩薩制伏六根不放逸者，是人能修六波羅蜜。菩薩發心先建至誠立決定誓，立誓之人終不放逸懈怠慢緩。何以故？立決定誓，有五事持故。一者能堅固其心、二者能制伏煩惱、三者能遮放逸、四者能破五蓋、五者能勤修行六波羅蜜。如佛所讚：

> How does a bodhisattva embark on the path to enlightenment? What practices lead to the fulfillment of enlightenment? A bodhisattva who has first aroused the mind of awakening abides in the stage of dry wisdom. First, they must firmly establish their sincere vow, embracing and receiving all boundless beings: "I seek supreme enlightenment, to rescue, protect, and liberate them all, without exception, guiding each to ultimate nirvana." Therefore, the initial arousal of the mind of awakening begins with great compassion. Through compassion, they generate ten supreme and ever-increasing vows. What are these ten? I vow that all virtuous roots cultivated in my past lives and this present life—I will dedicate these virtuous roots to all boundless beings, directing them together toward supreme enlightenment. May this vow grow stronger with each thought, and may it always linger in my mind in every life I am born, never forgotten, guarded by a sustaining mantra. I vow that after dedic myself to great enlightenment, through these virtuous roots, may I always be able to make offerings to all Buddhas in every place of birth, and never be born in a land without a Buddha. I vow that after being born in the Buddhas' lands, may I constantly draw near, follow, and serve them, like a shadow following its form, never parting from the Buddhas for even a single moment. I vow that after drawing near the Buddhas, may they preach the Dharma to me according to my needs, and may I immediately attain the five supernatural powers of a bodhisattva. I vow that after attaining the five supernatural powers, may I thoroughly understand conventional truth as expressed through relative designations, comprehend the ultimate truth as it truly is, and gain the wisdom of the true Dharma. I vow that after gaining the wisdom of the true Dharma, may I teach beings tirelessly, guiding, instructing, benefiting, and delighting them so that they all attain understanding and liberation. I vow that after guiding beings to understanding, through the spiritual power of the Buddhas, may I journey throughout the ten directions to all worlds without exception, making offerings to Buddhas, listening to and receiving the true Dharma, and extensively embracing all beings. I vow that after receiving the true Dharma from the Buddhas, may I immediately turn the pure wheel of the Dharma. Then, all beings in the ten directions who hear my teachings or my name may abandon all afflictions and arouse the mind of awakening. I vow that after causing all beings to arouse the mind of awakening, may I constantly accompany and protect them, removing what is harmful, granting boundless joy, and sacrificing my body, life, and possessions to embrace beings and uphold the true Dharma. I vow that after upholding the true Dharma, even as I practice it, may my mind remain unattached to any practice—just as all bodhisattvas practice the true Dharma without being attached to it, yet without neglecting it. To guide and transform beings, I will never abandon this true vow. These are called the ten great vows of a bodhisattva who has aroused the mind of awakening. These ten great vows pervade the realm of beings and embrace all countless vows. If beings could ever be exhausted, then my vows would end; but as beings are truly inexhaustible, so these great vows of mine are likewise inexhaustible. Furthermore, generosity is the cause of enlightenment, for it embraces all beings. Moral discipline is the cause of enlightenment, for it fulfills all virtues and completes original vows. Patience is the cause of enlightenment, for it accomplishes the thirty-two marks and eighty fine characteristics. Diligence is the cause of enlightenment, for it increases virtuous conduct and tirelessly instructs and transforms beings. Meditative concentration is the cause of enlightenment, for a bodhisattva skillfully calms and tames themselves and can understand the mental activities of all beings. Wisdom is the cause of enlightenment, for it fully realizes the nature and characteristics of all dharmas. To summarize, the six perfections are the direct cause of enlightenment, while the four boundless states of mind, the thirty-seven factors of awakening, and all manner of good practices support and enhance them. If a bodhisattva cultivates and accumulates the six perfections, with each step they gradually draw closer to unexcelled, perfect enlightenment. Children of the Buddha! Those who seek enlightenment should not be negligent. Negligent actions can destroy virtuous roots. If a bodhisattva restrains the six senses and is not negligent, this person can cultivate the six perfections. Before setting out, a bodhisattva should first establish sincerity and make a firm, decisive vow. One who makes such a decisive vow will never be negligent, lazy, or complacent. Why? Because holding a decisive vow is upheld by five factors: first, it can strengthen the mind; second, it can subdue afflictions; third, it can block negligence; fourth, it can break through the five hindrances; and fifth, it can encourage diligent practice of the six perfections. As the Buddha praised:

「如來大智尊， 顯說功德證，忍慧福業力， 誓願力最勝。」

> "The Thus-Come One, supremely wise and honored, Clarifies the proof of merits and virtue's path. The power of patience, wisdom, and meritorious deeds— Yet the force of vows is foremost among them all."

云何立誓？若有人來種種求索，我於爾時隨有施與，乃至不生一念慳悋之心。若生惡心如彈指頃、以施因緣求淨報者，我即欺十方世界無量無邊阿僧祇現在諸佛，於未來世亦當必定不成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。若我持戒，乃至失命，建立淨心誓無改悔。若我修忍，為他侵害乃至割截，常生慈愛誓無恚礙。若我修精進，遭逢寒暑王賊水火師子虎狼無水穀處，要必堅強其心，誓不退沒。若我修禪，為外事所嬈不得攝心，要繫念在境，誓不暫起非法亂想。若我修集智慧，觀一切法如實性，隨順受持，於善不善、有為無為、生死涅槃不起二見。若我心悔恚礙退沒亂想，起於二見如彈指頃，而以戒、忍、精進、禪、智求淨報者，我即欺十方世界無量無邊阿僧祇現在諸佛，於未來世亦當必定不成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。菩薩以十大願持正法行，以六大誓制放逸心，必能精勤修集六波羅蜜，成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。

> How does one make a solemn vow? If someone comes seeking various things, at that moment I will freely give to them without a single thought of stinginess or regret. If I should give rise to even a single evil thought for just a moment, seeking reward through the act of giving, then I would be deceiving all the countless, boundless Buddhas of the ten directions, and in the future I will surely fail to attain Supreme Perfect Enlightenment. Should I uphold the precepts, even at the cost of my life, I establish this pure resolve without any regret. Should I practice patience, even when harmed or attacked, I will always maintain compassion and never harbor hatred. Should I practice diligence, facing heat or cold, rulers, bandits, fire, water, lions, tigers, wolves, or places without food or water, I must strengthen my resolve and never retreat. Should I practice meditation, when disturbed by external matters and unable to focus my mind, I will concentrate on the object of contemplation and not indulge in even a moment of distracting thoughts. Should I develop wisdom, understanding all phenomena according to their true nature and accepting them accordingly, I will not hold dualistic views regarding good or evil, conditioned or unconditioned, birth and death, or nirvana. If my mind should waver with regret, anger, retreat, or distraction, or hold dualistic views for even a moment, yet seek reward through upholding precepts, patience, diligence, meditation, or wisdom, then I would be deceiving all the countless, boundless Buddhas of the ten directions, and in the future I will surely fail to attain Supreme Perfect Enlightenment. With the Ten Great Vows, the Bodhisattva upholds the practice of the true Dharma. With the Six Great Declarations, the Bodhisattva restrains a restless mind. Thus, he can diligently cultivate the six perfections and ultimately attain Supreme Perfect Enlightenment.