---
title: "淨土十要 · 三有餘教者"
description: "淨土十要由明代高僧成時大師評點節要，匯集了淨土宗歷代祖師的核心著述。該書輯錄了智者大師、善導大師等十種淨土教典精要，系統闡述了念佛往生西方極樂世界的理論與方法。其編撰於明末佛教復興期，旨在匡正禪淨流弊、彰顯淨土他力易行道。作為淨土宗根本教典之一，該書被譽為修學淨土法門的權威指南，在漢傳佛教中具有崇高地位，是深入理解淨土思想不可或缺的重要文獻。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxvu7610qmzky04p4eodizl"
---

### 三有餘教者

> Three Remaining Teachings

了二空真理。修萬行。趣大乘佛果。唯不許闡提二乘成佛。謂闡提無性。二乘定性。決不可成。未盡大乘真理。故名有餘。此經五逆二乘種不生。教義似同。然五逆不生。以謗法故。是無信心。非無性。觀經。毀戒眾生臨終惡現。聞讚佛功德。地獄猛火化清涼風。五逆十惡具足十。念見金蓮如日輪。剎那頃得往生。此自性不思議功德。仗不思議佛力顯現。若不具佛力。如頑石豈能透月。當知念能顯性。如是往生是性力。故如日能顯空。空非因日。是故一切眾生皆成佛。不同有餘之教。

> Understand the truth of the two emptinesses. Cultivate all practices. Aim for the great Dharma fruit of Buddhahood. Only those of icchantika and the two vehicles are not permitted to attain Buddhahood. It is said that icchantikas have no Buddha-nature, and those of the two vehicles have fixed nature, making it absolutely impossible for them to attain Buddhahood. This does not fully express the great truth of the Great Vehicle; therefore it is called "incomplete." This sutra states that those who commit the five heinous offenses and those of the two vehicles cannot be reborn. The teaching and meaning seem similar. However, the reason the five heinous offenders are not reborn is due to slandering the Dharma—this is a lack of faith, not a lack of nature. The Contemplation Sutra describes beings who break the precepts and, as death approaches, see evil manifestations. Hearing praise of the Buddha's merit, the blazing fire of hell transforms into a cool breeze. Even those who commit the five heinous offenses and the ten evil acts, with all ten fulfilled, can, by a single thought, see a golden lotus like the sun and be reborn in an instant. This is the inconceivable merit of self-nature, manifested through the inconceivable power of the Buddha. Without the Buddha's power, it would be like a stone—how could it let the moon shine through? You should know that mindfulness reveals self-nature. Thus, such rebirth is the power of self-nature, just as the sun reveals space—space does not exist because of the sun. Therefore, all beings can attain Buddhahood. This is different from the "incomplete" teaching.