---
title: "淨土十要 · 二止觀行者"
description: "淨土十要由明代高僧成時大師評點節要，匯集了淨土宗歷代祖師的核心著述。該書輯錄了智者大師、善導大師等十種淨土教典精要，系統闡述了念佛往生西方極樂世界的理論與方法。其編撰於明末佛教復興期，旨在匡正禪淨流弊、彰顯淨土他力易行道。作為淨土宗根本教典之一，該書被譽為修學淨土法門的權威指南，在漢傳佛教中具有崇高地位，是深入理解淨土思想不可或缺的重要文獻。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxvu7610qnaky04fk4wyshr"
---

### 二止觀行者

> Two Types of Calm and Insight Practitioners

如圓覺．楞嚴．華嚴諸方等經。古今學者廣設觀門。唯台宗三觀最為直捷。示一心之筌蹄。撮諸法之要領。修行徑路無踰於此。西方十六觀。一一具此三義。妙宗鈔曰。性中三德體。是諸佛三身。即此三德三身。是我一心三觀。若不然者。則觀外有佛。境不即心。何名圓宗絕待之觀。亦可彌陀三身以為法身。我之三觀以為般若。觀成見佛即是解脫。舉一具三。如新伊字。觀佛既爾。觀諸依正理非異塗。廣如疏鈔不能具述。知此則知念佛一聲具足三觀。了能念之心。非肉團。非緣影。是空觀。了所念之佛。若依若正。各各主伴圓融。豎窮橫徧。是假觀。了能所絕待。雙亡雙照。是中觀。又能念即一心三觀。所念即一境三諦。能所不二即諦。觀不二三諦即法身。三觀即般若。諦觀不二。念佛相應即解脫。舉一即三。如新伊字。是則念佛一聲能淨四土。如拈一微塵變大地作黃金。是謂法界圓融不可思議觀門。

> In scriptures such as the \*Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment\*, the \*Shurangama Sutra\*, and the \*Avatamsaka Sutra\*, scholars throughout history have developed various methods of contemplation. Among them, the Three Contemplations of the Tiantai School are the most direct and accessible. They serve as a guide to the One Mind and capture the essential points of all phenomena. There is no path of cultivation more excellent than this. The Sixteen Contemplations of the Western Pure Land each embody these Three Contemplations. The \*Wonderful Doctrine Commentary\* states: "The three virtues within our nature are the substance of the Buddhas' three bodies. These very three virtues and three bodies constitute the Three Contemplations of my own One Mind. If this were not the case, then the Buddha would exist apart from contemplation, and the object would not be identical with the mind. How could this be called the perfect, non-dual contemplation of the Complete Teaching?" We may also say that the Three Bodies of Amitabha serve as the Dharma Body, while my Three Contemplations serve as Prajna (wisdom). Accomplishing the contemplation and seeing the Buddha then becomes Liberation. Raising one includes the other three, like the letter '伊' in Sanskrit. If this is true for contemplating the Buddha, then contemplating all the pure lands and their adorned realities follows the same principle. The details are extensively explained in the \*Commentary on the Amitabha Sutra\* and cannot be fully described here. Understanding this, one realizes that a single recitation of the Buddha's name fully encompasses the Three Contemplations. One understands that the mind that recites is neither a physical lump of flesh nor a mental construct of shadows—this is the Contemplation of Emptiness. One understands that the Buddha being recited, whether in His own person or in His pure land, and all accompanying sages, perfectly interpenetrate, extending vertically throughout time and horizontally throughout space—this is the Contemplation of Illusory Existence. One understands that the subject (the one reciting) and the object (the Buddha recited) are non-dual, with both aspects simultaneously absent and present—this is the Middle Contemplation. Furthermore, the act of reciting itself is the One Mind's Three Contemplations. The object being recited is the One Realm's Three Truths. The non-duality of subject and object is the non-duality of Truth and Contemplation. The Three Truths are the Dharma Body, the Three Contemplations are Prajna. Truth and Contemplation are non-dual—reciting the Buddha in accord with reality is Liberation. Raising one includes the other three, like the letter '伊.' Thus, a single recitation of the Buddha's name can purify the Four Lands, just as picking up a speck of dust can turn the great earth into gold. This is called the inconceivable contemplation of the perfectly interpenetrating Dharma Realm.