---
title: "淨土十要 · 四悲願行者"
description: "淨土十要由明代高僧成時大師評點節要，匯集了淨土宗歷代祖師的核心著述。該書輯錄了智者大師、善導大師等十種淨土教典精要，系統闡述了念佛往生西方極樂世界的理論與方法。其編撰於明末佛教復興期，旨在匡正禪淨流弊、彰顯淨土他力易行道。作為淨土宗根本教典之一，該書被譽為修學淨土法門的權威指南，在漢傳佛教中具有崇高地位，是深入理解淨土思想不可或缺的重要文獻。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxvu7610qncky04b26uu3k5"
---

### 四悲願行者

> Four Great Vows Practitioner

諸佛菩薩性海無盡。供養無盡。戒施無盡。乃至饒益無盡。如普賢十大願王。虗空界眾生界無盡。我願無盡。身語意業無有疲厭。一切諸佛無不成就。如是願王證涅槃果。故天親菩薩淨土五念門以禮拜．讚歎．作願．觀察四種為成就入功德門。回向一切煩惱眾生󳫠世間苦為成就出功德門。菩薩修五念門速得阿耨菩提。難曰。淨名經。觀眾生如夢。所見已寤等。發願利生。將無眼見空華耶。答。智度論引佛云。無佛者破著佛想。不言取無佛相。當知無眾生者破眾生想。不言取無眾生相。故淨名謂菩薩作是觀已。自言我當為眾生說無眾生法。即真實慈也。又般若經。菩薩深入大悲。如慈父見子為無所值物故死甚憐之此兒虗誑死。諸佛亦如是。知諸法空。畢竟不可得。眾生不知於空法。染著著因緣。故墮大地獄。是故深入大悲。是則諸佛慈悲。正以眾生空故。眾生誑入生死故。豈有反息悲願之理。故知菩薩種種度生是深達無眾生義。若見有眾生即有我。慈悲心劣。豈能行如是二種饒益之行。先德云。未居究竟。全是自利。妙覺佛後。普賢方是利他之行。佛告比丘。功德果報甚深。無有如我知恩分者。我本以欲心無厭得佛。今雖更無功德可得。我欲亦不休。當知行海無邊。非丈竿尺木所能探其底裏。癡兒見人指門前竿云在天半。即計量言。從地至天止兩竿許。佛法戲論亦復如是。

> The nature of all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas is an endless ocean of being. Offerings are endless. Precepts and generosity are endless. Even benefiting others is endless. This is like Samantabhadra's Ten Great Kingly Vows: as long as space and beings are endless, my vows are endless. My actions of body, speech, and mind never tire or grow weary. All Buddhas without exception realize this, and through such Kingly Vows attain Nirvana. Therefore, Bodhisattva Vasubandhu, in his Five Gates of Pure Land Practice, established worship, praise, vow-making, and contemplation as the four gates for attaining merit. Dedicating this merit to all afflicted beings suffering in the world is the gate for emerging from suffering. A Bodhisattva who cultivates these five gates quickly attains Anuttara Samyaksambodhi. \*\*Objection:\*\* The \*Vimalakirti Sutra\* says, "Contemplate beings as a dream, already awakened from what was seen," and so on. If one makes vows to benefit beings, isn't that like seeing flowers in empty space? \*\*Answer:\*\* The \*Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom\* quotes the Buddha saying, "Saying 'no Buddha' is to break attachment to the concept of Buddha, not to adopt a concept of 'no Buddha.'" One should know that saying "no beings" is to break attachment to the concept of beings, not to adopt a concept of "no beings." Therefore, Vimalakirti says that after a Bodhisattva makes this contemplation, he declares, "I should teach beings the Dharma of no-beings." This is true compassion. Furthermore, the \*Prajnaparamita Sutra\* says that a Bodhisattva enters deeply into great compassion, like a loving father who sees his child dying for something worthless. He deeply pities this child, who dies for an illusion. All Buddhas are the same. They know all dharmas are empty and ultimately unattainable. But beings, not knowing the emptiness of dharmas, become attached to causes and conditions and fall into the great hells. Therefore, they enter deeply into great compassion. So it is that the Buddhas' compassion is precisely because beings are empty. Beings are deluded into cyclic existence. How could one ever abandon the resolve for compassion and vows? Therefore, know that the Bodhisattva's various acts of liberating beings arise from deep realization of the meaning of "no beings." If one sees beings as real, that implies a self. The mind of compassion then diminishes. How could one practice such two kinds of beneficial actions? An ancient worthy said, "Before reaching the ultimate goal, everything is self-benefit. Only after becoming a perfectly enlightened Buddha does Samantabhadra engage in the practice of benefiting others." The Buddha told the monks, "The fruits and merits of karma are very deep. There is no one who knows gratitude like me. I attained Buddhahood through an insatiable desire for aspiration. Although there is no further merit to attain now, my desire \[to help beings\] never ceases." One should know that the ocean of practice is boundless. It cannot be fathomed with a measuring stick. A fool who sees someone pointing to a pole in front of a gate and saying, "It is halfway to heaven," then calculates, "From earth to heaven is only two poles high." Discussion of the Dharma as a mere game is just like this.