---
title: "淨土十要 · 三淨觀者"
description: "淨土十要由明代高僧成時大師評點節要，匯集了淨土宗歷代祖師的核心著述。該書輯錄了智者大師、善導大師等十種淨土教典精要，系統闡述了念佛往生西方極樂世界的理論與方法。其編撰於明末佛教復興期，旨在匡正禪淨流弊、彰顯淨土他力易行道。作為淨土宗根本教典之一，該書被譽為修學淨土法門的權威指南，在漢傳佛教中具有崇高地位，是深入理解淨土思想不可或缺的重要文獻。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxvu7610qnzky04uv373ise"
---

### 三淨觀者

> Three Pure Precepts

眾生無始垢薉徧一切法。如󳫹入沙金在鑛。修淨業者當加種種觀行。磨鍊習氣為白法之壇壝。作往生之津梁。一淨觀。觀佛相好如十六觀經說。二不淨觀。觀身心不淨器世界不淨生厭離。三無定觀。觀一切法無定。如一美色。婬人為樂。妒婦為苦。觀行人觀之。種種惡露異類如土木。四和合觀。觀身及世界并見聞覺知。如積木為屋。積土為壘。積雜彩為畵。無實體。五對治觀。觀自身何結最重。當用何法對治。如藥草等於此病為藥。餘病非藥。如是觀察對治。六慚悔觀。觀一切眾生無量劫來互為父母兄弟姊妹男女。遞相婬毒曾不覺知。如梟獍殺父母。牛羊鴿󳭋配其親。彼不自知。諸佛菩薩見於我等亦如是。當生大愧恨。七念念觀。觀一切時中幾許憶念佛心。幾許利生心。幾許垢淨沉掉心。八平等觀。觀一切色一色無好醜。一切聲一聲無譽毀。一切受一受無恩讐。一切義一義無淺深。九微細觀。觀佛念法念起於何來。去於何往。十法界觀。觀一毛一塵皆具無量淨佛國土。行者以第一淨觀為主。餘九為伴。如石中覓珠。若不破石無緣得珠。

> All beings, from beginningless time, are covered in defilements that spread throughout all phenomena. This is like gold hiding in sand, or ore buried in rock. Those who practice the pure karma of spiritual cultivation must employ various contemplative methods to refine away habitual tendencies, clearing a sacred space for virtue and building a bridge toward rebirth in the Pure Land. \*\*First: The Pure Contemplation\*\* — Contemplate the Buddha’s auspicious marks and excellent features, as explained in the Sutra on the Contemplation of the Buddha of Infinite Life. \*\*Second: The Impure Contemplation\*\* — Contemplate that both the body and mind are impure vessels, and that the world itself is a defiled realm — thereby giving rise to a sense of renunciation and detachment. \*\*Third: The Contemplation of Absence of Fixity\*\* — Contemplate that all phenomena have no fixed nature. For instance, the same beautiful person: an infatuated person sees delight, a jealous person sees pain. A contemplative practitioner, on the other hand, sees only the body's various rotting, foul aspects — no different from clay or wood. \*\*Fourth: The Contemplation of Composite Nature\*\* — Contemplate that the body and the world, along with all seeing, hearing, sensing, and knowing, are like building a house out of blocks, stacking mud to make a wall, or arranging patterns to create a painting. There is no solid, independent reality. \*\*Fifth: The Contemplation of Antidotes\*\* — Contemplate which affliction is most dominant in yourself, and determine which Dharma method serves as its antidote. Just as certain herbs heal one disease but not another, observe and apply the remedy accordingly. \*\*Sixth: The Contemplation of Shame and Repentance\*\* — Contemplate that all beings, over countless eons, have been each other's fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, sons, and daughters — yet they have engaged in lust and harm among themselves without awareness. This is like an owl eating its parent, or a sheep, cow, or pigeon mating with its own kin — ignorant of the truth. The Buddhas and Bodhisattvas see us just the same. Therefore, we should generate profound shame and regret. \*\*Seventh: The Contemplation of Every Thought\*\* — Contemplate, at all times, how many thoughts arise focused on remembering the Buddha, how many towards benefiting sentient beings, and how many are merely defiled, clear, agitated, or withdrawn. \*\*Eighth: The Contemplation of Equality\*\* — Contemplate that all forms are ultimately one form — without distinction of beautiful or ugly. All sounds are one sound — without praise or blame. All feelings are one feeling — without favor or grievance. All principles are one principle — without shallow or deep. \*\*Ninth: The Subtle Contemplation\*\* — Contemplate that when a thought arises, from where does it come? When it vanishes, where does it go? Investigate the mind of Buddha-remembrance and Dharma-investigation. \*\*Tenth: The Contemplation of the Dharma Realm\*\* — Contemplate that every single hair and speck of dust contains countless pure Buddha-lands. The practitioner should take the First Pure Contemplation as the main practice, while the remaining nine serve as companions. This is like seeking a gem within stone — unless the stone is broken, there is no way to obtain the jewel.