---
title: "淨土十要 · 二身城大小者"
description: "淨土十要由明代高僧成時大師評點節要，匯集了淨土宗歷代祖師的核心著述。該書輯錄了智者大師、善導大師等十種淨土教典精要，系統闡述了念佛往生西方極樂世界的理論與方法。其編撰於明末佛教復興期，旨在匡正禪淨流弊、彰顯淨土他力易行道。作為淨土宗根本教典之一，該書被譽為修學淨土法門的權威指南，在漢傳佛教中具有崇高地位，是深入理解淨土思想不可或缺的重要文獻。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcxvu7610qo9ky04a7uqsn1o"
---

### 二身城大小者

> Two Bodies City Sizes

聲王經。阿彌陀佛與聲聞俱。其城縱廣十千由旬。觀經。佛身高六十萬億那由他恒河沙由旬。眉間白毫如五須彌山。眼如四大海水。不應身城懸絕如是。海東疏釋。彼佛有眾多城。隨眾大小。城亦大小。大城示大身。小城現小身。十千由旬是與聲聞俱住之城。佛身相當而住。觀經身高大。其城亦隨廣大。先德云。淨光莊嚴土唯演頓眾。香土純菩薩。故二土佛但現高大之身。若安養土。頓漸俱談。聲聞菩薩共為僧故。佛示生身法身。三十二相通乎生法。大小共見。若八萬相局在法身。大乘賢聖得見也。是故應以藏塵尊特相得四悉檀益者。應以八萬尊特相得四益者。應以三十二尊特相得四益者。佛各為現三種尊特身。如毗盧遮那。聲聞視聽隔於對顏。不妨菩薩更見大身。何故。佛身隨所被機大小。如日光隨隙大小。而是日光無大小故。

> The King of Sutras states: "Amitabha Buddha, together with his enlightened disciples (Śrāvakas), resides in a city that spans ten thousand \*yojanas\* in length and width." The \*Contemplation Sutra\* describes the Buddha's body as being as vast as sixty trillion \*nayutas\* of \*Ganges\* sands of \*yojanas\* in height, his white curl between his brows as vast as five Mount Merus, and his eyes as vast as four great seas. It seems improbable that his manifestation body and city would be so drastically different in scale. The commentary from the East Sea explains: "That Buddha has many cities. Depending on the size of the audience, the city is also large or small. A large city manifests a large body, and a small city manifests a small body. The city of ten thousand \*yojanas\* is where he dwells with his enlightened disciples. The size of his body matches the city accordingly. In the \*Contemplation Sutra\*, his body is described as immense, so his city is also correspondingly vast." An ancient master states: "In the Land of Pure Light and Adornment, only the sudden-teaching audience is taught. The Land of Fragrance consists purely of Bodhisattvas. Hence, in those two lands, the Buddha only manifests an immense body. In the Land of Peace and Nurturing (Sukhāvatī), however, both sudden and gradual teachings are expounded, and both Śrāvakas and Bodhisattvas form the monastic community. Therefore, the Buddha manifests both a birth-body and a Dharma-body. The thirty-two major marks apply to both the birth-body and the Dharma-body, so they are seen by both the greater and lesser vehicles. As for the eighty-thousand marks, they are exclusive to the Dharma-body and are only perceived by noble beings of the Great Vehicle." Thus, for those who should attain the four benefits (四悉檀) through the manifestation of a subtle and majestic form likened to a dust mota's universe, the Buddha manifests that form. For those who should attain the four benefits through the manifestation of the eighty-thousand majestic marks, he manifests those. For those who should attain the four benefits through the manifestation of the thirty-two majestic marks, he manifests those. The Buddha respectively manifests these three types of majestic bodies for each audience, just as Vairocana does. Even if Śrāvakas perceive him at a distance, unable to see him face-to-face, it does not prevent Bodhisattvas from seeing an even larger body. Why is this? The Buddha's body adapts to the capacities of those he guides, just as sunlight adapts to the size of the gap it shines through—yet the sunlight itself has no size.