---
title: "楊仁山居士遺著 · 密宗"
description: "楊仁山居士遺著是清末著名佛教居士楊文會（1837-1911）的重要著作。楊文會是近代中國佛教復興的關鍵人物，創辦金陵刻經處，致力於佛典的整理與流通。該書收錄了他的書信、序跋、論著等，內容涵蓋佛教教義闡釋、經典校勘、佛教教育推廣等，體現了他融合各宗、重視實踐的佛教思想。楊仁山居士遺著不僅是研究近代中國佛教史的重要文獻，也對現代漢傳佛教的發展產生了深遠影響，被視為居士佛教的典範之作。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcy2gn3c01o8jv040ftsjltb"
---

### ○密宗。一名真言宗。天竺屬灌頂部。

> Mantra School (Esoteric Buddhism)

善無畏中印度人。事達摩掬多為師。通達密教。受灌頂法。至長安遵掬多之命。入唐行道。於開元四年。齎梵筴始屆長安。適符玄宗之夢。唐一行。受真傳一行禪師。姓張。鉅鹿人。久依善無畏三藏。盡得其傳。神異顯著。作疏釋。大日經毘盧遮那佛。密宗稱為大日如來。善無畏三藏譯大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經七卷。一行筆受。密宗稱為大日經。一行作疏二十卷。又作釋十四卷。共六十萬言。皆從三藏口授之義。而纂集成文者也。真言教。始得明後之學密教者。皆以大日經疏釋為宗。凡稱神變疏鈔者。即此本也。金剛智南印度人。開元七年。泛海達廣州。行道作法。皆著奇驗。翻譯祕密經典多部。及不空北印度人。依金剛智為師。盡傳其道。接踵來。廣流通以上四尊者。皆宏密教。神異超羣。當時君臣士庶奉之若佛。灌頂法。不輕授。非法器。轉獲咎受灌頂法者。毘盧遮那五智灌頂。頓入佛乘。非具金剛種性。不能傳受。立禁令。自明始。祕密宗。勅停止去聖遙遠。人情澆漓。能受此法者。甚為難得。明時特申禁令。不准傳授密教。恐非其人。反有害於法門也。佛制建壇行道。若非金剛阿闍黎傳授。即名盜法。

> Śubhākarasiṃha<note>Born in central India, he studied under Dharmagupta and became accomplished in the esoteric teachings, receiving the abhiṣeka initiation.</note> arrived at Chang'an<note>Following Dharmagupta's command to spread the Dharma in China, he came bearing Sanskrit scriptures in the 4th year of Kaiyuan. His arrival coincided with Emperor Xuanzong's dream.</note>. Yixing of the Tang dynasty received the true transmission<note>Master Yixing, whose family name was Zhang, came from Julu. He long studied under Śubhākarasiṃha, mastering all his teachings and becoming renowned for his extraordinary spiritual powers.</note>, writing commentaries on the Mahāvairocana Sūtra<note>Vairocana Buddha is known in the esoteric school as the Great Sun Tathāgata. Śubhākarasiṃha translated the Mahāvairocana Sūtra in seven fascicles, with Yixing acting as scribe. Yixing then wrote a twenty-fascicle commentary and a fourteen-fascicle sub-commentary, altogether six hundred thousand words, all compiled from the oral instructions of the master.</note>. Thus the mantra teachings began to be understood<note>Later students of esoteric Buddhism all relied on Yixing's commentaries on the Mahāvairocana Sūtra as their foundation. Whatever is called the "Divine Transformation Commentary" refers to this work.</note>. Vajrabodhi<note>Born in southern India, he arrived in Guangzhou by sea in the 7th year of Kaiyuan. His rituals and practices all produced remarkable results, and he translated numerous esoteric texts.</note> and Amoghavajra<note>Born in northern India, he studied under Vajrabodhi and fully inherited his teachings.</note> followed one after another, spreading the teachings widely<note>These four venerable masters all promoted esoteric Buddhism with extraordinary spiritual powers. Emperors, ministers, and commoners alike revered them as living Buddhas.</note>. The abhiṣeka initiation was never given lightly. Those unworthy of the Dharma would incur harm instead<note>The abhiṣeka initiation confers the fivefold wisdom of Vairocana, suddenly entering one into the Buddha's vehicle. Only those with the adamantine nature can receive it.</note>. The prohibition was established from the Ming dynasty onward. The secret teachings were ordered to cease<note>As we grow distant from the sages and human nature has become shallow, those capable of receiving these teachings are extremely rare. The Ming dynasty specifically prohibited the transmission of esoteric Buddhism, fearing that unworthy recipients would harm the Dharma. According to Buddhist regulations, constructing altars and performing rituals without authorization from a vajra ācārya constitutes "stealing the Dharma."</note>.