---
title: "入唐求法巡禮行記 · 六月"
description: "入唐求法巡礼行记是日本天台宗僧人圆仁所著的旅行日记。公元838至847年，圆仁随遣唐使入唐求法，亲历唐武宗会昌灭佛事件。该书以汉文详细记录了其近十年的旅程，涵盖唐代社会、经济、宗教、地理及中日文化交流的珍贵见闻。作为研究唐代佛教史、社会史及中日关系的第一手史料，它与玄奘的大唐西域记和马可·波罗游记齐名，是世界级的珍贵历史文献，对了解晚唐佛教状况具有不可替代的权威价值。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcy7rkc40caxl804glw88idw"
---

承和五年。六月十三日午時。第一第四兩舶。諸使駕舶。緣無順風。停宿三箇日。

> In the fifth year of the Chenghé era, on the thirteenth day of the sixth month, at noon, the officials boarded the first and fourth ships. However, due to the lack of favorable winds, they remained anchored for three days.

十七日夜半。得嵐風上帆搖艫行。巳時到志賀嶋東海。為无信風。五箇日停宿矣。

廿二日卯時。得艮風進發。更不覓澳。投夜暗行。

> On the 22nd, at the Hour of the Rabbit, we set sail with a favorable northeastern wind. We no longer searched for a harbor, but continued sailing straight through the darkness of the night.

廿三日巳時。到有救嶋。東北風吹。征留執別。比至酉時。上帆渡海。東北風吹。入夜暗行。兩舶火信相通。

> On the 23rd, at 9 AM, we arrived at the island of Salvation. A northeast wind was blowing. We stopped to rest and took our leave. By 6 PM, we raised the sails and set out to sea, still with the northeast wind blowing. As night fell, we traveled in the dark, and the two ships signaled to each other with fire.

廿四日望見第四舶在前去。與第一舶。相去卅里許。遙西方去。大使󸅴藤原常嗣始畫觀音菩薩。請益留學法師等。相共讀經誓祈。亥時火信相通。其貌如星。至曉不見。雖有艮巽風變。而無漂遷之驚。大竹蘆根烏賊貝等。隨瀾而流。下鈎取看。或生或枯。海色淺綠。人咸謂近陸地矣。申時大魚隨船遊行。

> On the 24th, we spotted the fourth vessel ahead. It was approximately thirty ri away from the first ship, heading off into the distant west. The Chief Ambassador<note>Fujiwara no Tsunesuke</note> began painting an image of Guanyin Bodhisattva. Together with the scholar-monks who had come to study the Dharma, they recited sutras and made earnest prayers. At the Hour of the Boar, signal fires could be seen communicating between the ships. Their appearance was like stars, visible until dawn, then fading away. Although the winds shifted between the northeast and southeast, we were spared the terror of being swept adrift. Bamboo, reeds, cuttlefish, and shellfish drifted along with the waves. We lowered fishing hooks to collect samples—some were alive, others dead. The sea had turned a shallow green color, and everyone felt we must be approaching land. At the Hour of the Monkey, a large fish began swimming alongside our vessel.

廿七日平鐵為波所衝悉脫落。疲󸅴疲下恐脫烏若鷺字信宿不去。或時西飛二三。又更還居。如斯數度。海色白綠。竟夜令人登桅子。見山嶋稱不見。

> On the 27th, the metal fittings were all washed away by the waves. Exhausted, they stayed for two nights without leaving. Sometimes they would fly west in twos or threes, then return again to their perch. This happened several times. The sea was white and green. All night long, people were sent up the mast to look for mountains or islands, but none were seen.

廿八日早朝。鷺鳥指西北雙飛。風猶不變。側帆指坤。巳時至白水。其色如黃泥。人眾咸云。若是揚州大江流水。令人登桅子見申云。從戊亥會直流南方。其寬廿餘里。望見前路水還淺綠。暫行不久。終如所申。大使深恠海色還為淺綠。新羅譯語金正南申云。聞導󸅴導下文皆作導。池本作道揚州掘港難過。今既踰白水。疑踰掘港歟。未時海水亦白。人咸驚恠。令人上桅󸅴桅下池本有子字東本有令字。見陸嶋。猶稱不見。風吹不變。海淺波高。衝鳴如雷。以繩結鐵沈之。僅至五丈。經少時下䥫試海淺深。唯五尋。使等懼。或云。將下石停。明日方征。或云。須半下帆馳艇。知前途淺深。方漸進行。停留之說。事似不當。論定之際。尅逮酉戌。爰東風切扇。濤波高猛。船舶卒然趍昇海渚。乍驚落帆。柂󸅴柂池本作桅下同角摧折兩度。東西之波互衝傾舶。柂葉著海底。舶艫將破。仍截桅弃柂。舶即隨濤漂蕩。東波來船西傾。西波來東側。洗流船上。不可勝計。船上一眾憑歸佛神。莫不誓祈。人人失謀。使頭以下至于水手。裸身緊逼褌船將中絕。遷走艫舳。各覓全處。結構之會。為瀾衝咸皆差脫。左右欄端。結繩把牽。競求活途淦水汎滿。船即沈居沙土。官私雜物隨淦浮沈。

> Morning of the 28th. Herons and cranes flew southwestward in pairs. The wind remained unchanged, and the sails were angled toward the southwest. By the si hour, we reached White Water, whose color was like yellow mud. The crowd all said that if this were the great Yangtze River of Yangzhou, the water would be flowing. A man was sent up the mast to observe. He reported: "From the southwest, the current flows directly south. It is over twenty li wide. The water in front still seems light green." We sailed on, and before long, it was exactly as he had said. The envoy was greatly puzzled that the sea had turned light green again. The Silla interpreter Jin Zhengnan reported: "I have heard that it is difficult to pass through the Juegang channel of Yangzhou. Now that we have already crossed White Water, I wonder if we have already passed Juegang." By the wei hour, the seawater had also turned white. Everyone was startled and alarmed. A man was sent to the mast again, but he saw only land and islands and still said he saw nothing. The wind did not change. The sea was shallow and the waves were high, crashing like thunder. We sank an iron weight tied to a rope; it only reached five zhang. After a while, we dropped the iron to test the depth of the sea. It was only five xun. The envoys were afraid. Some said: "Let us lower stone anchors and stop here. We will continue tomorrow." Others said: "We should lower half the sail and send a boat ahead to learn the depth of the waters ahead. Then we will advance gradually." It seemed unwise to listen to those who advocated stopping. As we debated, the time reached the period of you and xu. Suddenly, a strong east wind began to blow. The waves rose high and fierce, and the boat was suddenly swept toward a shoal. Startled, we quickly lowered the sails. The rudder broke twice. The waves from east and west crashed together, tilting the boat. The rudder blade struck the seabed, and the prow and stern of the boat were about to break. Therefore, we cut down the mast and abandoned the rudder. The boat drifted with the waves. When a wave came from the east, the boat capsized westward; when a wave came from the west, it capsized eastward. Water poured over the boat incalculably. Everyone on board turned to the Buddha and the spirits, vowing and praying. Everyone lost their composure, from the envoy and his officers down to the boatmen. With nearly naked bodies, squeezed together, hanging on, the boat seemed about to split in two. They scurried from prow to stern, each seeking a place of safety. At the main joints, the impact of the waves caused everything to come loose. On the left and right railings, people tied ropes and held on, vying for a way to survive. The floodwater surged, and the ship sank into the sand. Official and private goods of all kinds floated in the water.

廿九日曉潮涸。淦亦隨竭。令人見底。底悉破裂。沙埋槈𪲘󸅴槈𪲘如指船底之結搆振時誤作槈或桭袱歟𪲘池本作拽。眾人設謀。今舶已裂。若再逢潮生。恐增摧散歟。仍倒桅子。截落左右艫棚於舶四方建棹。結纜槈𪲘。󸅴𪲘池本作栧亥時望見。西方遙有火光。人人對之。莫不忻悅。通夜瞻望。山嶋不見。唯看火光。

> On the morning of the 29th, the tide receded and the water in the river also dried up, revealing the bottom. The bottom was completely cracked, with sand burying the hull joints and broken parts. Everyone discussed the situation: since the ship was already damaged, if the tide came in again, it might break apart further. So they lowered the mast, cut away the side deck structures, and set up oars on all four sides of the ship, tying ropes to the hull joints. At the hour of Hai (9-11 PM), they saw a fire in the far west. Everyone looked at it and felt joy. They watched the fire all night, but saw no mountains or islands—only the fire.