---
title: "釋迦譜 · 10 釋迦從弟調達出家緣記"
description: "僧祐法师于南朝梁代所撰《釋迦譜》是漢傳佛教史上第一部系統記述釋迦牟尼生平事蹟及僧團淵源的傳記類經典。該書廣泛輯錄佛教經律典籍中有關佛陀的記載，彙編成譜，內容涵蓋佛陀降誕、成道、說法、度眾直至涅槃的完整歷程。作為早期佛教聖傳文獻的集大成之作，它不僅為研究佛陀生平及佛教史提供了權威依據，更奠定了漢地佛陀傳記書寫的範式，對後世佛教傳記文學與信仰實踐影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcye8q1l0pfml2048p9ufyrp"
---

### 釋迦從弟調達出家緣記第十出中本起經

是時父王往詣佛所。見迦葉千人形體至陋。每心不平。此等比丘雖復心精無表容貌。當勸宗室樂無為者。令作沙門擇取端正。即令宗族明日會殿。受命即到。王告宗室曰。阿夷相言。佛不出家當作聖王。君四方天下左右侍從率當端正。今諸弟子類無恣觀。欲聘有道儀容足者。充備僧數光暉世尊。咸言大善聽令歡喜。乞退嚴辦七日乃行。調達便告行者。吾等王者子弟。今棄世榮出家居道。整頓服飾極世之妙。象馬車乘價直萬金。其日嚴出觀者填路。調達冠幘自然墮地。衢和離所可乘象。四脚布地而作鳥鳴。相工占曰。餘皆得道一人不吉。俱詣佛所求作沙門。剛強降伏莫不樂受。調達亦名提婆達多。齊言天熱。以其生時人天心皆忽驚熱。故因為名。增一阿含經云。提婆達兜白佛言。願聽在道次。佛言。汝宜在家分檀惠施。夫為沙門實為不易。復再三白。復告不宜出家。提婆達兜便生惡念。此沙門懷嫉妬心。我今宜自剃頭善修梵行。何用是沙門為。提婆達兜後犯五逆罪。惡心欲至如來所適。下足在地地中有大火。風起生繞提婆達兜。身為火所燒。便發悔心稱南無佛。然不究竟適得稱南無。便入地獄中。阿難悲泣言。提婆達在地獄中為經幾時。佛言。經一大劫命終生四天王上。展轉至他化自在天。經六十劫不墮三惡趣。最後受身成辟支佛。名曰南無。由命終之時稱南無故。時大目犍連言。我欲至阿鼻獄中。見提婆達慰勞慶賀。佛言。阿鼻罪人不解人間音響。目連白言。我解六十四音。當以此音往語彼人。目連如屈伸臂頃。至阿鼻獄上虛空中曰。提婆達兜。獄卒曰。此間亦有拘樓秦佛迦葉佛時提婆達兜。今命何者。目連曰。吾命釋迦文佛叔父兒提婆達兜。獄卒燒炙彼身使令覺悟曰。汝仰觀空中。見大目連坐寶蓮華。語目連曰。尊者何由屈此。目連曰。如來記汝。欲害世尊。緣入阿鼻。最後成辟支佛。號名南無。提婆達聞已歡喜言。我今日以右脇臥阿鼻獄中。經歷一劫終無勞倦。目連復問苦痛有增損乎。提婆達報以熱鐵輸轢我身壞。復以鐵杵㕮咀我形。有黑暴象蹈蹋我體。復有火山來鎮我面。昔日袈裟化為銅鍱極為熾然。今寄頭面禮世尊足。復禮尊者阿難。目連即攝神足遠世尊所。大智論稱提婆達弟子。俱迦離謗舍利弗及目犍連。命終墮蓮華地獄中。即衢和離也。祐拾檢調達之歷緣也。亟為戚屬恒結仇讐。豈以標明善惡影響祕教乎。是故經言。若言提婆達多造逆罪墮阿鼻者。無有是處。斯乃諸佛境界非二乘所測也。

> At that time, the king went to where the Buddha was. Seeing that the thousand disciples of Kāśyapa were very rough in appearance, he was often displeased. He thought: "Although these monks are pure in mind, they have no outward beauty. I should encourage those members of the royal family who delight in non-action to become monks, and select those of handsome appearance." He then ordered the clan to assemble at the palace the next day. They received the command and came. The king said to the clan: "The sage Asita foretold that if the Buddha did not leave home, he would become a holy king. His attendants, who would rule over all four quarters of the world, would all be handsome. Now, his disciples are not pleasing to look at. I wish to invite those who are both virtuous and beautiful in appearance to join the monastic community and bring glory to the World-Honored One." Everyone agreed and happily accepted the order. They asked to be excused to prepare and requested seven days to get ready. Devadatta then said to the travelers: "We are sons of kings. Now we have renounced worldly glory to leave home and follow the path." They prepared their ornaments to the highest worldly standard, and their elephants, horses, and carriages were worth ten thousand pieces of gold. On the day they set out, the onlookers filled the roads. Devadatta's crown and turban naturally fell to the ground. The elephant that Kūvalaya (Kuvalaya) was riding on laid its four legs flat on the ground and made bird-like sounds. The diviners prognosticated: "All the others will attain the path, but one person will be unlucky." They all went to the Buddha and asked to become monks. The stubborn were subdued, and all were happy to receive the ordination. Devadatta is also called Devadatta. In the common language, it means "heavenly heat," because at the time of his birth, the minds of men and gods were suddenly agitated and heated. Thus, this was his name. The Ekottara Āgama says: Devadatta said to the Buddha: "I wish to be allowed to enter the path." The Buddha said: "You should stay at home and engage in charity and giving. Being a monk is truly not easy." He asked a second and third time. The Buddha again told him that it was not suitable for him to leave home. Devadatta then had an evil thought: "This ascetic is jealous. I should shave my own head and cultivate the holy life. Why do I need this ascetic?" Devadatta later committed the five heinous crimes. With an evil mind, he wanted to go to the place of the Tathāgata. As he set his foot on the ground, a great fire arose from the earth, and a wind arose and wrapped around Devadatta. Being burned by the fire, he felt remorse and uttered, "Homage to the Buddha!" But he was not able to finish it; as soon as he uttered "Homage," he entered hell. Ānanda wept and said: "How long will Devadatta be in hell?" The Buddha said: "After one great eon, his life will end, and he will be reborn in the realm of the Four Heavenly Kings. From there, he will pass through to the Heaven of Controlling Others' Creations. After sixty eons, he will not fall into the three lower realms. In his final life, he will become a Pratyekabuddha named Namo (Homage), because at the time of his death, he uttered 'Homage.'" Then, Mahāmaudgalyāyana said: "I wish to go to the Avīci hell to see Devadatta and comfort and congratulate him." The Buddha said: "The sinners of Avīci do not understand human speech." Mahāmaudgalyāyana said: "I understand sixty-four kinds of sounds; I will use this language to speak to that person." Mahāmaudgalyāyana, as quickly as a strong man would extend his arm, went to the sky above the Avīci hell and said: "Devadatta!" The guard of hell said: "There is also a Devadatta from the time of Krakucchanda Buddha and Kāśyapa Buddha here. Which one are you calling?" Mahāmaudgalyāyana said: "I am calling Devadatta, the son of the uncle of Śākyamuni Buddha." The guard tortured the body of Devadatta to make him aware, saying: "Look up into the sky." He saw Mahāmaudgalyāyana seated on a jeweled lotus flower. He said to Mahāmaudgalyāyana: "Venerable Sir, why have you condescended to come here?" Mahāmaudgalyāyana said: "The Tathāgata has made a prophecy about you: because you attempted to harm the World-Honored One, you have entered the Avīci hell. In the end, you will become a Pratyekabuddha named Namo." Devadatta heard this and became joyful, saying: "Today, I will lie on my right side in the Avīci hell. Even if I pass an eon, I will never be tired." Mahāmaudgalyāyana asked again: "Has your pain increased or decreased?" Devadatta replied: "A hot iron wheel rolls over my body and destroys it. Then, an iron pestle pounds my body. A black, violent elephant tramples my body. A mountain of fire comes to cover my face. My former monastic robe has turned into copper plates, which are extremely burning hot. Now, I entrust my head and face to bow at the feet of the World-Honored One, and I also pay homage to the Venerable Ānanda." Mahāmaudgalyāyana then withdrew his supernatural power and returned to the place of the World-Honored One. The Mahāprajñāpāramitā Śāstra says that a disciple of Devadatta, Kokālika, slandered Śāriputra and Mahāmaudgalyāyana and, after his death, fell into the Lotus Hell. This is Kūvalaya. We have gathered and examined the causes and conditions of Devadatta. He was often a relative who became a constant enemy. How could this not serve to clarify good and evil and influence the secret teachings? Therefore, the sutra says: "If one says that Devadatta, having committed heinous crimes, fell into the Avīci hell, that is not the truth." This is the realm of the Buddhas and is not something that the Two Vehicles can fathom.