---
title: "釋迦譜 · 12 釋迦從弟孫陀羅難陀出家緣記"
description: "僧祐法师于南朝梁代所撰《釋迦譜》是漢傳佛教史上第一部系統記述釋迦牟尼生平事蹟及僧團淵源的傳記類經典。該書廣泛輯錄佛教經律典籍中有關佛陀的記載，彙編成譜，內容涵蓋佛陀降誕、成道、說法、度眾直至涅槃的完整歷程。作為早期佛教聖傳文獻的集大成之作，它不僅為研究佛陀生平及佛教史提供了權威依據，更奠定了漢地佛陀傳記書寫的範式，對後世佛教傳記文學與信仰實踐影響深遠。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcye8q1l0pfol20433696qpq"
---

### 釋迦從弟孫陀羅難陀出家緣記第十二出普曜經

佛在迦維羅竭國尼拘類園。將侍者阿難入城乞食。童子難陀在高樓上遙見。即下來至佛所。作禮白言。如來之姓轉輪聖王。何謂自辱持鉢乞食。自取佛鉢入家。內盛甘美飲食。佛即還尼拘類園。即語侍者。難陀若出勿自取鉢。勅語難陀躬自送來。難陀受教從後送鉢。婦出語言。速還勿久須還。乃食前進。未久重更遣信時還勿停。所以鄭重恐出家故。難陀至佛所。手自奉鉢唯願時受。今欲還家。佛告難陀。卿已至此。今宜剃除鬚髮。服三法衣。何為欲還。是時如來以威神力。逼迫難陀度令出家。閉在靜室。久久之後。次第當直。難陀歡喜。我今當直事。因此閑暇逃走還家。是時難陀隨所應作。事事不闕天神侍衛。難陀汲水至滿。自然翻棄。淨地之中草土更滋。關閉門戶戶自然開。難陀自念。我家王種多饒財寶。設有漏失即可償之。今當竊隨小徑還家。行大塗者儻值如來。即脫三法衣更被餘衣而去。行未經時正值如來。奔趣大樹欲自隱身。佛神力故。樹神拔樹懸在虛空。難陀入樹根處隱蔽自身。如來尋往問言何為至此。默然慚愧。佛再三告汝欲何趣。難陀言。暫欲還家與婦相見。佛告難陀。夫人學道貪著欲心。不顧後世燒身之禍。我今將汝天上遊觀。宜自專心勿懷恐怖。佛以神力接至天上。見一宮殿眾寶莊嚴。玉女營從不可稱計。唯無夫主。難陀問佛。此何天宮。種種娛樂快樂昔所未見。而無夫主唯願說之。佛告難陀。汝可自問。難陀奉教自往。問之。天女答曰。汝不知乎。迦維羅竭國釋迦文佛並父弟難陀。後當生此為我夫主。難陀聞之密自歡喜。還至佛所具以白佛。佛告難陀。快修梵行如是不久。當來至此受福自然。是時世尊。復以神力接引難陀。將至地獄路經鐵圍山。表見瞎獼猴。佛問難陀。汝婦孫陀利何如瞎獼猴。難陀白佛。止止勿復說。此孫陀利者。女中英妙。百千萬倍豈得類乎。佛言。以孫陀利比諸天女。亦億千萬倍不可為比。於是世尊復接難陀。遍至地獄見種種苦痛。有一大鑊獄卒圍繞。湯沸火熾不見罪人。難陀白佛。是何人獄不見罪人。佛言。汝自問之。難陀往問獄卒。報言。閻浮利地真淨王家兒。得成佛道。並父弟甘露王兒。名曰難陀。為人放逸婬欲情多。自恃豪族輕忽萬民。彼命終後當來此中。難陀聞已。衣毛皆竪顏色變異。往趣世尊白言。唯然大師三界大護。今覩此變倍懷恐懼。求離地獄願說泥洹。爾時世尊。漸與難陀說微妙法。安處無為令至道場。

> The Buddha was staying in the Kapilavastu region, at the Nyagrodha Grove. He took his attendant Ananda into the city to beg for alms. A young man named Nanda saw them from a high tower, came down at once, and approached the Buddha. He bowed and said, "You are of the lineage of a Wheel-Turning Sage King. Why would you humble yourself by carrying a bowl and begging for food?" He took the Buddha's bowl, went into a house, and filled it with fine food. The Buddha then returned to the Nyagrodha Grove and told his attendant, "When Nanda comes out, do not take the bowl yourself. Instruct Nanda to bring it to me in person." Nanda followed this instruction and brought the bowl from behind. His wife came out and said, "Come back quickly, don't stay long. You must return before eating." Soon after, she sent another messenger urging him not to delay. She was so insistent because she feared he might become a monk. When Nanda reached the Buddha, he presented the bowl saying, "Please accept this now. I wish to return home." The Buddha said to Nanda, "Now that you have come, you should shave your head and beard and wear the three robes. Why do you want to return?" At that moment, the Tathagata used his spiritual power to compel Nanda to become a monk and confined him to a quiet room. After a long time, it was Nanda's turn for duty. Nanda was delighted: "Now I have duties to attend to. I can take this chance to slip away and return home." Then Nanda did whatever needed to be done without missing a single task, and heavenly beings guarded him. When Nanda filled a bucket with water, it would naturally spill. On clean ground, grass and weeds would grow again. Doors he closed would open by themselves. Nanda thought, "My family is of royal lineage with much wealth. Even if I lose something, I can repay it. Now I will secretly take a small path home. If I take the main road, I might run into the Tathagata." So he took off the three robes and put on other clothes and left. Before he had gone far, he ran into the Tathagata. He ran toward a large tree to hide himself. But by the Buddha's power, the tree spirit uprooted the tree and held it in midair. Nanda hid inside the tree's root space. The Tathagata came and asked, "Why are you here?" Nanda was silent and ashamed. The Buddha asked him a second and third time, "Where are you going?" Nanda replied, "I just want to go home for a moment to see my wife." The Buddha said to Nanda, "Those who study the Way but are greedy for worldly desires do not consider the disaster of being burned in future lives. I will now take you on a tour of heaven. You should focus your mind and not be afraid." Using his spiritual power, the Buddha brought Nanda up to heaven. They saw a palace adorned with many jewels, and countless celestial maidens in attendance, but there was no husband ruling over them. Nanda asked the Buddha, "Whose heavenly palace is this, full of joys I've never seen, yet with no master? Please tell me." The Buddha said, "Ask them yourself." Following the instruction, Nanda went and asked them. The heavenly maidens replied, "Don't you know? Shakya, the Buddha from the Kapilavastu kingdom, has a younger brother of the same father named Nanda. He will later be reborn here as our husband." When Nanda heard this, he was secretly delighted. He returned to the Buddha and told him everything. The Buddha told Nanda, "If you diligently cultivate the holy life, you will soon come here and enjoy natural happiness." Then the World-Honored One used his spiritual power to bring Nanda to see the hells. On the way, they passed the Iron Ring Mountains and saw a blind monkey. The Buddha asked Nanda, "How does your wife Sundari compare to this blind monkey?" Nanda replied, "Stop, please don't say that. Sundari is the most beautiful among women, incomparably so." The Buddha said, "Compared to those heavenly maidens, Sundari is also a billion times less beautiful." Then the World-Honored One brought Nanda throughout the hells, where they saw all kinds of suffering. There was a huge cauldron surrounded by hell guards. The water was boiling and the fire was raging, but no sinner was visible. Nanda asked the Buddha, "Which hell is this, with no sinner inside?" The Buddha said, "Ask them yourself." Nanda went and asked the hell guards. They replied, "There is a prince in the land of Jambudvipa from a pure royal family, who will attain Buddhahood. His younger brother of the same father, named Nanda, is unrestrained and full of desires. He relies on his noble family and looks down on all beings. After he dies, he will come here." When Nanda heard this, his hair stood on end, his face changed color. He approached the World-Honored One and said, "Only the Great Teacher protects the three realms. Having seen this change, I am full of fear. I beg you, teach me how to escape hell and attain Nirvana." Then the World-Honored One gradually taught Nanda the subtle Dharma, settling him in the unconditioned state and guiding him to the path of enlightenment.

雜寶藏經云。佛在迦毘羅衛國。入城乞食到難陀舍。會值難陀與婦作䊋香塗眉間。聞佛門中欲出外看。婦共要言出看如來。使我額上䊋未乾頃。便還入來。難陀即出見佛作禮。取鉢向舍盛食奉佛。佛不為取過與阿難。阿難亦不為取。阿難語言。汝從誰得鉢還與本處。於是持鉢詣佛。至尼拘樓精舍。佛即勅剃師與難陀剃髮。難陀不肯。怒拳而語剃髮人言。迦毘羅衛一切人民。汝今盡可剃其髮也。佛問剃髮者。何以不剃。答言。畏故不敢為剃。佛共阿難自至其邊。難陀畏故不敢不剃。雖得剃髮恒欲還家。佛常將行不能得去。後於一日次守房舍。而自歡喜。今真得便可還家去。待佛眾僧都去之後我當還家。佛入城後作是念言。當為汲水令滿澡瓶。然後還歸。尋時汲水一瓶適滿一瓶復翻。如是經時不能滿瓶。便作是言俱不可滿。使諸比丘來還自汲。我今但著瓶屋中而棄之去。即閉房門。適一扇閉一扇復開。適閉一戶一戶復開。便作是念俱不可閉。就置而去。縱使失諸比丘衣物。我饒財寶足有可償。即出僧房。而自思惟。佛必從此來。我則從彼異道而去。佛知其意亦異道來。遙見佛來大樹後藏。樹神舉樹在虛空中。露地而立。佛見難陀將還精舍。而問之言。汝念婦也。答言實爾。即將難陀向阿那波山上。又問難陀汝婦端正不。答言端正。山中有一老瞎獼猴。又復問言。汝婦孫陀利面首端正。何如此獼猴也。難陀懊惱便作念言。我婦端正人中少雙。佛今何故。以我之婦比瞎獼猴。佛復將至忉利天上。遍諸天宮而共觀看。見諸天子與諸天女共相娛樂。見一宮中有五百天女。無有天子。尋來問佛。佛言。汝自往問。難陀往問言。諸宮殿中盡有天子。此中何以獨無天子。諸女答言。閻浮提內佛弟難陀。佛逼使出家。以出家因緣。命終當生於此天宮。為我天子。難陀答言。即我身是。便欲即住。天女語言。我等是天汝今是人。還捨人壽更生此間。便可得住。便還佛所。以如上事。具白世尊。佛語難陀。汝婦端正。何如天女。難陀答言。比彼天女。如瞎獼猴比於我婦。佛將難陀還閻浮提。難陀為欲生天故勤加持戒。阿難爾時為說偈言。

> The Treasury of Sundry Treasures Sutra says: The Buddha was in Kapilavastu, entering the city to beg for alms until he came to Nanda's house. It happened that Nanda was with his wife, applying perfume and makeup between her eyebrows. Hearing that the Buddha was at the door, he wanted to go out to see him. His wife made a pact with him: "If you go out to see the Tathagata, you must return before the makeup on my forehead dries." Nanda went out, saw the Buddha, and bowed. He took the Buddha's bowl, went to his house to fill it with food, and offered it to the Buddha. The Buddha would not take it. He passed it to Ananda, but Ananda also would not take it. Ananda said, "From whom did you receive this bowl? Return it to its owner." So Nanda took the bowl and went to the Buddha, all the way to the Nigrodha Monastery. The Buddha then commanded the barber to shave Nanda's head. Nanda refused. Furious, he shook his fist at the barber and said, "You may shave the heads of all the people in Kapilavastu, but not mine!" The Buddha asked the barber, "Why haven't you shaved him?" The barber replied, "I dare not; I am afraid." So the Buddha and Ananda went themselves to Nanda's side. Out of fear, Nanda did not dare refuse to be shaved. Even after being shaved, he constantly wanted to go home. The Buddha always took him along, so he could not escape. One day, it was Nanda's turn to stay behind and guard the lodgings. He was overjoyed, thinking, "Now I truly have a chance to go home. Once the Buddha and all the monks have left, I will return home." After the Buddha entered the city, Nanda thought, "I should fill the water pitchers, then go home." So he began to draw water. As soon as he filled one pitcher, it tipped over. He filled another, and it also tipped over. He spent a long time like this, unable to fill a single one. Finally he thought, "None of these will stay filled. I'll just let the monks fill them when they return." He put down the pitchers and was about to leave. He closed one door, but another door opened. He closed one door, but another opened. He thought, "None of these doors will stay shut. I'll just leave them. Even if some monks' belongings are lost, I am wealthy enough to pay for them." So he left the monastery. But then he thought, "The Buddha will certainly come this way. I must take another path." The Buddha, knowing his intention, also took that other path. Nanda saw the Buddha from afar and hid behind a large tree. But the tree god raised the tree into the air, leaving Nanda standing exposed in the open. The Buddha saw him and took him back to the monastery, asking, "Do you miss your wife?" Nanda replied, "Yes, truly." The Buddha then took Nanda to Mount Anavatapta and asked, "Is your wife beautiful?" Nanda replied, "Yes, very." On the mountain there was an old, blind monkey. The Buddha asked, "Your wife Sunandā's beauty — how does she compare to this monkey?" Nanda was upset and thought, "My wife is beautiful, unmatched among people. Why is the Buddha comparing her to a blind monkey?" The Buddha then took him to the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. They toured the various celestial palaces, where they saw the devas (gods) enjoying themselves with their celestial maidens. Nanda noticed one palace with five hundred celestial maidens but no male lord. He asked the Buddha why. The Buddha said, "Go and ask them yourself." Nanda went and asked, "All the palaces have a lord. Why is this one alone without one?" The maidens replied, "In the Jambudvīpa world, there is the Buddha's brother, Nanda. The Buddha compelled him to become a monk. Because of this, after his life ends, he will be reborn here as our lord." Nanda said, "That is me." He wanted to stay right there. But the maidens said, "We are celestial beings, and you are a human. First, finish your human life, and then be reborn here. Then you can stay." So Nanda returned to the Buddha and told him everything. The Buddha said, "Your wife's beauty — how does she compare to these celestial maidens?" Nanda replied, "Compared to these maidens, my wife is like the blind monkey compared to her." The Buddha then returned Nanda to Jambudvīpa. Because Nanda longed to be reborn in heaven, he diligently observed the precepts. At that time, Ananda spoke this verse: \*(The verse is implied but not given in the provided text segment.)\*

譬如羯羊鬪 將前而更却汝為欲持戒 其事亦如是

佛將難陀復至地獄。見諸鑊湯悉皆煮人。唯見一鑊炊沸空停。怪其所以而來問佛。佛告之言。汝自往問。難陀即往問獄卒言。諸鑊盡皆煮治罪人。此鑊何故空無所煮。答言閻浮提內。有如來弟名為難陀。以出家功德當得生天。以欲罷道因緣之故。天壽命終墮此地獄。是故我今炊鑊而待難陀。難陀恐怖畏獄卒留。即作是言。南無佛陀南無佛陀。唯願將我擁護還至閻浮提內。佛語難陀。汝勤持戒修汝天福。難陀答言。不用生天。今唯願我不墮此獄。佛為說法。一七日中成阿羅漢。諸比丘歎言。世尊出世甚奇甚特。佛言。非但今日。乃往過去亦復如是。諸比丘言。過去亦爾。其事云何。請為我說。佛言。昔迦尸國王。名曰滿面。比提希國有一婬女。端正殊妙。爾時二國常想怨嫉。傍有佞臣向迦尸王。歎說彼國有婬女。端正世所希少。王聞是語心生惑著。遣使從索彼國不與。重遣使言求暫相見。四五日間還當發遣。時彼國王約勅婬女。汝之姿態。所有伎能好悉具備。使迦尸王惑著於汝。須臾之間不能遠離。即遣令去經四五日尋復喚言。欲設大祀須得此女。暫還放來後當更遣。時迦尸王即遣歸還。大祀已訖遣使還索。答言。明日當遣。既至明日亦復不遣。如是妄語經歷多日。王心惑著。單將數人欲往彼國。諸臣勸諫不肯受用。時仙人山中有獼猴王。聰明博達多有所知。其婦適死取一雌獼猴。諸獼猴眾皆共瞋。訶責此婬獼猴。眾所共有何緣獨。當時獼猴王將雌獼猴。走迦尸國投於王所。諸獼猴眾皆共追逐。既到城內發屋壞牆不可料理。迦尸國王語獼猴王言。汝今何不以雌獼猴還諸獼猴。獼猴王言。我婦死去更復無婦。王今云何欲使我歸。王語之言。今汝獼猴破亂我國。那得不歸。獼猴王言。此事不好耶。王答言不好。如是再三王故言不好。獼猴王言。汝宮中有八萬四千夫人。汝不愛樂。欲至敵國追逐婬女我今無婦唯取此一。汝言不好。一切萬姓視汝而活。為一婬女云何捐棄。大王當如。婬欲之事。樂少苦多。猶如逆風而執熾炬。愚者不放必見燒害。欲為不淨如彼屎聚。欲現外相薄皮所覆。欲無反復如屎塗毒蛇。欲如怨賊詐親附人。欲如假借必當還歸。欲為可惡如廁生華。欲如疥瘡而向於火。把之轉劇。欲如狗嚙枯骨。涎唾共合謂為有味。唇齒破盡不知厭足。欲如渴人飲於鹹水。逾增其渴。欲如段肉眾鳥競逐。欲如魚獸貪味。至死其患甚大。爾時獼猴王者我身是也。爾時王者難陀是也。爾時婬女者孫陀利是也。我於爾時欲淤泥中拔出難陀。今亦拔其生死之苦。

> The Buddha then led Nanda back to the hell realms. There, Nanda saw great cauldrons filled with boiling water, each one cooking sinful beings. But he noticed one cauldron full of boiling water that stood empty. Curious, he asked the Buddha why. The Buddha said, "Go ask for yourself." So Nanda went and asked the warden: "All the other cauldrons are boiling sinners. Why is this one empty, with nothing in it?" The warden replied, "In the Jambudvipa world, there is a younger brother of the Buddha named Nanda. Because of his merit in leaving home to practice, he will be reborn in heaven. But if he gives up his practice, once his heavenly life ends, he will fall into this hell. So we are now heating this cauldron, waiting for him." Nanda was terrified, afraid the warden might keep him there. He cried out, "Namo Buddha! Namo Buddha! Please protect me and take me back to the Jambudvipa world!" The Buddha said to Nanda, "Make effort in keeping the precepts and cultivating your heavenly blessings." Nanda replied, "I don't want to be born in heaven! I only pray that I will never fall into this hell." Then the Buddha taught him the Dharma, and within seven days, Nanda attained Arhatship. The monks exclaimed, "The World-Honored One's appearance in the world is truly extraordinary!" The Buddha said, "Not only today. In the past, it was the same." The monks asked, "What happened in the past? Please tell us." The Buddha replied: "Long ago, there was a king of Kashi named Full-Face. In the kingdom of Videha, there was a courtesan of extraordinary beauty. At that time, the two kingdoms were constantly feuding. A flattering minister told King Full-Face about this beautiful courtesan, saying she was rare in the world. The king became obsessed and sent a messenger to ask for her, but the other kingdom refused. He sent again, asking only to see her briefly, promising to send her back in four or five days. The king of Videha then instructed the courtesan, 'Use all your charms and skills to captivate King Full-Face, so that he cannot bear to be apart from you even for a moment.' He then sent her to the Kashi king. After four or five days, the Videha king summoned her back, saying, 'I need to hold a great sacrifice and require this woman. Let her come back temporarily, and I will send her again later.' King Full-Face sent her back. After the sacrifice, he sent word to retrieve her. The other king said, 'I'll send her tomorrow.' But when tomorrow came, he did not. He kept making empty promises for many days. The king was so infatuated that he set out for the other kingdom with only a few attendants, ignoring all his ministers' advice. "Now, in the mountains lived a wise and intelligent monkey king, whose wife had recently died. He took a female monkey as his new mate. All the other monkeys were furious and rebuked him: 'This lewd female belongs to the whole troop! Why are you taking her for yourself alone?' The monkey king then fled with his new mate to the kingdom of Kashi and sought the king's protection. The other monkeys chased after them and, upon entering the city, caused havoc by tearing down houses and walls, impossible to control. "King Full-Face said to the monkey king, 'Why don't you return this female monkey to the other monkeys?' The monkey king replied, 'My wife is dead, and I have no other. Why do you, O King, want me to give her back?' The king said, 'Your monkey is wrecking my kingdom. You have to send her back.' The monkey king asked, 'Is this a bad thing?' The king said, 'Yes, it's bad.' Three times the king insisted it was bad. Then the monkey king said, 'You have 84,000 wives in your palace, yet you do not take pleasure in them. Instead, you chase after a courtesan in a rival kingdom—while I, with no other wife, have only taken this one female. And you call this bad? Your entire kingdom depends on you for their lives. How can you abandon it all for one courtesan? Great King, you should know: the pleasures of desire are few, but the suffering is great. It is like holding a flaming torch against the wind. A fool who does not let go will surely be burned. Desire is impure, like a heap of excrement. Desire is disguised by a thin layer of skin. Desire is never satisfied, like poison smeared on food. Desire is like a thief who pretends to be a friend. Desire is like a borrowed item that must be returned. Desire is disgusting, like a flower growing out of a latrine. Desire is like scabies held near a fire—the more you scratch, the worse it gets. Desire is like a dog gnawing a dry bone, mixing it with saliva and thinking it tastes good, yet its lips and teeth are worn away without ever being satisfied. Desire is like a thirsty man drinking salty water, which only increases his thirst. Desire is like a piece of meat that all the birds fight over. Desire is like a fish or a beast that pursues bait until it dies. The harm of desire is immense." The Buddha then said, "The monkey king of that time was myself. The king was Nanda. And the courtesan was Sundari. Back then, I pulled Nanda out of the mud of desire. And now, too, I have pulled him out from the suffering of birth and death."

釋迦譜卷第六

釋迦譜卷第七

蕭齊釋僧祐譔