---
title: "大乘法苑義林章 · 2 釋名差別"
description: "窥基，唐代高僧，唯识宗实际创始人玄奘的嫡传弟子，撰写了《大乘法苑义林章》。此书创作于佛教鼎盛的唐朝，是唯识宗的重要论著。全书系统阐述唯识教义，分章辨析法相、唯识、三性等核心义理，组织严密，义理精深。它被誉为大乘佛教的教理百科全书，是研究唯识学不可或缺的权威典籍，对汉传佛教思想发展影响深远。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcz6dp1t006zl104v7xxwbxv"
---

二釋名差別者。依俗釋云。稽者至也。首者頭也。以首至地故名稽首。此即跪拜頭至地故。即俱舍云。稽首接足故言敬禮。屈已所尊之首。接彼所卑之足。故言稽首。俱舍意以身業稽首之別名禮。即是三業敬禮之通稱。雜心亦爾。舉體敬禮。亦稽首故。言叩頭者。以手至首故言叩頭。言敬禮者。虔恭曰敬。軌儀稱禮。諦發殷誠。屈儀褒讚。申虔恭之道。標敬禮之名。又起殷淨心策殊勝業。申誠歸仰故名敬禮。即通三業。諸教或云稽首者。藉身業之稽首。申三業之敬禮體唯一物。未可依俗。古云南牟。即是敬禮。應言納慕或納莫。故不別釋。歸依者。歸敬依投之義。非此所明。若云伴談。或云伴題。此云稽首。亦云禮拜。亦非敬禮。訛名和南。

> \*\*Explanation of Differences in Terminology\*\* According to conventional explanation: "Ji" means "to arrive," and "Shou" means "head." Putting one's head to the ground is therefore called "Ji Shou." This refers to kneeling and bowing until the head touches the ground, as stated in the \*Abhidharma-kosha\*: "To bow the head and touch the feet is called respectful salutation." It involves lowering one's own honored head to touch the other's humble feet, thus "Ji Shou." In the \*Abhidharma-kosha\*, the physical act of "Ji Shou" is a specific term for "ritual bowing." "Reverence" (\*Li\*) is the general term for respectful salutation involving body, speech, and mind. The \*Samyukta-abhidharma\* agrees: bowing with the whole body is also a form of "Ji Shou." "Kou Tou" (knocking the head) means touching the head with the hands. "Jing Li" (respectful salutation) means that reverence is inner devotion, and ritual form is proper conduct. With sincere intention and adorned posture, one expresses respect and praise. Thus, the name "respectful salutation" points to the path of devotion. Furthermore, with a purified heart, one initiates virtuous actions, expresses sincerity, and seeks refuge—hence, "respectful salutation." This encompasses all three actions. In various teachings, the term "Ji Shou" uses the physical act of bowing to express the threefold respectful salutation; the essence is one. One should not rely on conventional usage. In ancient times, "Nan Mou" meant respectful salutation. It should be pronounced "Na Mu" or "Na Mo," so no separate explanation is needed here. "Gui Yi" (taking refuge) means returning to, respecting, and relying upon—this is not the subject of our current discussion. If one says "Ban Tan" or "Ban Ti," this translates as "Ji Shou" or "worship," but not specifically "respectful salutation." The incorrect term "He Nan" is a variation.