十不善業道經
Sutra on the Ten Unwholesome Paths of Action
馬鳴菩薩集
Collection of Bodhisattva Asvaghosa
西天譯經三藏朝散大夫試鴻臚少卿宣梵大師賜紫沙門臣日稱等奉 詔譯
此十不善業道，體性是罪，若樂求佛道者，遠離彼過，當如是知。
These ten paths of unwholesome action are by nature harmful. Those who sincerely seek the path of Buddhahood should keep far from such faults. This is what you should understand.
何等為十？所謂身業三種，語業四種，意業三種。於是義中，今當解說。身三種者，殺生、不與取、欲邪行；語四種者，妄言、綺語、兩舌、惡語；意三種者，貪、瞋、邪見。
云何殺生？謂於有情率先見已，次審其名，決定欲殺，動身施作，斷其命根。如是五緣次第具足，成殺生罪，定感彼果。
What is killing? It means first seeing a living being, then confirming its identity, forming a clear intention to kill, carrying out the physical action, and finally ending its life. When all five conditions are present in sequence, the act of killing is complete, creating harmful karma that will inevitably lead to its consequences.
云何不與取？謂於他物先窺覘已，而起審慮，決定欲取，動身所作，即盜其物。具足五緣，成不與取罪。
What is "taking what is not given"? It refers to the act of first observing another's property, then carefully considering it, forming a firm intention to take it, and finally physically moving to steal that object. When these five conditions are complete, the offense of taking what is not given is committed.
云何欲邪行？於此罪中而有四類，非處、非時、非分、非往。非處者，謂於諸佛菩薩經像、和尚闍梨、父母所止，或相隣近，皆所不應。非時者，謂於晝日，或偶月事，懷妊新產，彼不樂欲，及病惱等，或受淨住八關齋戒，皆非其宜。非分者，謂於面門及以非道，童男處女，自執持等，俱不應作。非往者，謂於他妻，及比丘尼、親族、異趣，及衒賣等，設自境界作非梵行，所不應理。如上當知。
What is considered harmful sexual conduct? This offense falls into four categories: improper place, improper time, improper part, and improper person.
**Improper place** refers to places where Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, or sacred images are present; the residences of one's teachers, mentors, or parents; or areas adjacent to such places. All of these are inappropriate.
**Improper time** includes during daylight, during a woman's menstrual period, when she is pregnant or has just given birth, when she is not willing, when she is ill or suffering, or when one has taken the Eight Precepts. All of these are unsuitable.
**Improper part** refers to the mouth or other non-genital areas, as well as the bodies of young boys or girls, or engaging in self-gratification. These should not be done.
**Improper person** means engaging in such acts with another's spouse, a nun, a close relative, someone from a different religious tradition, or someone who is being sold for sex. Even within one's own marriage, engaging in improper conduct that goes against what is reasonable is also not appropriate. This should be understood as above.
云何妄語？謂於見物或他遺墜，審知是已，決定而取，彼若尋求起虛妄說，具是五緣，成妄語罪。
云何綺語？謂於他人以染污心，增飾其非，對彼而說。
云何兩舌？於他所有隱密等事，以非理言，而作離間。
云何惡語？謂於貪欲和合事相，以雜染言厲聲而說。
云何名貪？於他財富及彼受用，起愛樂心，非理希望。
云何名瞋？謂於有情起忿恚心，而作損惱及捶打等。
云何邪見？謂無施等、無彼後世、無供養事、無佛世尊聲聞緣覺、無罪無福、無所作業、無所受報。
如《正法念處經》，及餘經說。此十不善業道是地獄因，於十善業道應當修學，則於惡趣永不墮落。
十不善業道經