---
title: "放光般若經 · 18 僧那僧涅品"
description: "放光般若经由西晋无罗叉和竺叔兰共同译出，是早期大乘佛教重要经典之一。该经属于般若系文献，以放光佛现瑞为缘起，阐述般若波罗蜜深义，强调诸法性空、无所得等核心思想。此译本在魏晋南北朝广泛流传，对中土般若学发展影响深远，为研究佛教中国化及魏晋玄佛交涉提供了关键文本依据。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcznexmz1o67jj04nabx2f5h"
---

### 摩訶般若波羅蜜僧那僧涅品第十八

> Mahaprajnaparamita Sangha Sanghati Chapter 18

爾時須菩提白佛言：「何等為菩薩摩訶薩僧那僧涅？」

> At that time, Subhuti said to the Buddha: "What is the armor of a bodhisattva mahasattva?"

佛告須菩提：「六波羅蜜、三十七品、內外空，及有無空、佛十八法及一切智，被諸功德之鎧成佛身，光徹三千大千剎土；復以光普遍十方恒邊沙佛國土，便為六反震動，三千大千剎土復六反震動。十方恒邊沙佛國土菩薩，已受是光明住於檀波羅蜜，以大乘之鎧便能變化三千大千剎土化為琉璃，自變其形為遮迦越王，布施一切隨其所欲，飢渴與飲食，欲得衣者與衣，欲得香華醫藥布施種種，隨眾人身所便樂盡給與之。作是布施已，便為眾生說六波羅蜜行。眾生聞菩薩教已，至得阿耨多羅三耶三菩，不離六波羅蜜行。是為菩薩被大乘之鎧。須菩提！譬如工幻師在四要道頭於大眾人前布施，隨人所欲飲食、衣被、錢財，隨人意所索，幻人盡與。於須菩提意云何，是幻師頗有所布施於人不？」

> The Buddha told Subhuti: "The six paramitas, the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, inner and outer emptiness, the emptiness of existence and non-existence, the Buddha's eighteen exclusive teachings, and all-encompassing wisdom—clothed in the armor of all these virtues, one perfects the Buddha-body, whose light shines throughout three thousand great thousand realms. This light then extends universally to Buddha-lands as countless as the sands of the Ganges in the ten directions, causing six kinds of tremors, and the three thousand great thousand realms also tremble in six ways. Bodhisattvas in Buddha-lands as countless as the sands of the Ganges in the ten directions, having received this light, dwell in the paramita of generosity. Clothed in the armor of the Great Vehicle, they can transform three thousand great thousand realms into lapis lazuli, and transform themselves into universal monarchs, giving generously to all according to their desires—food and drink to the hungry and thirsty, clothing to those who want clothes, and various gifts of fragrances, flowers, and medicine, fully providing whatever each person finds agreeable and pleasing. Having given in this way, they then teach sentient beings the practice of the six paramitas. Hearing the bodhisattva's teachings, sentient beings will reach supreme perfect enlightenment without departing from the practice of the six paramitas. This is how a bodhisattva wears the armor of the Great Vehicle. Subhuti, suppose a skilled illusionist at a crossroads before a great crowd gives gifts—food, drink, clothing, and wealth—to people according to their desires, and the illusory people give whatever each person asks for. What do you think, Subhuti? Does that illusionist actually give anything to anyone?"

須菩提白佛言：「無所施亦無得者。」

> Subhuti said to the Buddha, "There is no giving, and there is no gaining."

佛告須菩提：「菩薩自化身作遮迦越王布施，隨人所樂而在所與，恣人所欲而施與，雖施而無所與亦無得者。何以故？須菩提！法之幻法應爾。

> The Buddha told Subhuti: "A Bodhisattva, by their own manifestation, becomes a Chakravartin King and practices generosity. They give according to what people enjoy, freely providing whatever people desire. Though they give, there is no one who gives and no one who receives. Why is this? Subhuti, the illusory nature of all dharmas is simply like this."

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩住於尸波羅蜜，示現作遮迦越羅，於中使人持十善法，教人使為四禪、四等、四無形禪，立於三十七品至佛十八法。眾生聞是法教，至得道終不離是法教。須菩提！譬如幻師化作大眾人，教幻人持十善，立以三十七品至佛十八法。於須菩提意云何，頗有人立於十善、四禪、四無形禪，頗有人立於三十七品及佛十八法者不？」

須菩提對曰：「無有立者也。世尊！」

佛告須菩提：「菩薩立諸眾生於十善地、三十七品、佛十八法，亦不見有人住是法者。所以者何？法幻之法自應當爾。以是故，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩為被大乘之鎧。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩住羼波羅蜜，亦立眾生於羼波羅蜜。菩薩從初發意以來作誓言：『假令眾生持刀杖害，我悉受，終不起惡意如彈指之頃；當復立眾生於忍辱地亦復如是。』雖立眾生於羼波羅蜜，亦復如幻師，亦無眾生想。須菩提！是為菩薩大乘之鎧。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩住於惟逮波羅蜜，立眾生精進意應薩云若，亦復如幻師；是為菩薩大乘之鎧。菩薩住於禪波羅蜜，亦復教一切人行一心。菩薩住於等法，不見法有亂者、有一心者。須菩提！是為菩薩住於禪波羅蜜，亦復教一心人行禪，乃至阿耨多羅三耶三菩，終不離是一心，亦復如幻師；是故名為僧那僧涅。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩住於般若波羅蜜，亦復勸助教一切人，使立於般若波羅蜜。須菩提！是為菩薩摩訶薩行般若波羅蜜，於諸法不見有彼此岸；是為菩薩住於般若波羅蜜，亦復勸助眾生化立人於般若波羅蜜，教化眾生亦復如幻，不見有學者、不見有受者。以是故，須菩提！菩薩摩訶薩僧那僧涅。

「復次，須菩提！菩薩被大乘鎧以安處十方恒邊沙佛國眾生立於六波羅蜜。為眾生說六波羅蜜法使眾生聞之，聞已至阿耨多羅三耶三菩不離是法，亦復如幻，亦不見受法者、亦不見受是教者。以是故，菩薩為大乘之鎧。菩薩復被大乘之鎧意應薩云若，菩薩不言：『我當教若干人立於六波羅蜜。』亦不言：『我當教若干人行三十七品、佛十八法。』亦復不言：『我不能教若干人。』亦復不言：『我教若干人得須陀洹乃至阿羅漢、辟支佛。』不言：『我不教若干人至阿羅漢。』亦不言：『我立若干人至薩云若。』不言：『我不悉教爾所人。』何以故？菩薩所度無有限碍亦無適莫，菩薩所度亦無有數亦無有量。須菩提！菩薩譬如幻師教幻人，不見有所教、亦不見有受者；是為菩薩摩訶薩僧那僧涅。」

須菩提白佛言：「如我從佛所聞義，當知菩薩非為僧那僧涅。何以故？諸法空故。色痛想行識空，眼耳鼻舌身意、色聲香味細滑法、十八性，各隨其相各自空。檀波羅蜜至般若波羅蜜亦自空，內外空皆自空，從三十七品至佛十八法皆空。菩薩亦空，僧那僧涅亦自空。以是故，世尊！當知菩薩為非僧那僧涅。」

佛告須菩提：「如所言，無有異。須菩提！薩云若非為非作，菩薩為眾生作摩訶僧那僧涅者，是眾生亦非為非作。」

須菩提白佛言：「何以故薩云若及眾生非為非作？」

佛言：「不見有人故，是故薩云若無為無作。何以故？須菩提！五陰亦不有所作亦非不作，六情、六衰亦無所為亦無所作，我、人、壽命亦無所為亦無所作。何以故？邊際不可得故。須菩提！夢、響、影、幻、熱時炎、化無所作亦無所為，內外空、三十七品、佛十八法亦無所為亦無所作。何以故？其本際不可得見故。如及法性、真際亦無所作亦無所為，菩薩薩云若亦無所作亦無所為。何以故？無有本際故。以是故，須菩提！薩云若及眾生無所有無所作。以是當知，菩薩非為摩訶僧那僧涅。」

須菩提白佛言：「如觀世尊所說義，五陰亦無縛無脫。」

邠耨文陀尼子問須菩提：「何等五陰無縛無脫？」

須菩提報言：「五陰如夢、如響、如影、如幻、如化、如熱時炎，當來過去今現在五陰無縛無脫；五陰無端緒，無縛無脫；五陰寂無所生，無縛無脫；五陰善不善、俗五陰、道五陰有漏無漏，亦無縛無脫。一切諸法無縛無脫，無際寂靜無縛無脫，六波羅蜜無縛無脫，無際寂靜內外空無縛無脫，三十七品無縛無脫，佛十八法無縛無脫；無際寂靜故。道及菩薩、薩云若、一切智事，無際寂靜，無所生亦不縛亦不脫。如、法性、真際、無為亦無縛無脫，無際寂靜不生無縛無脫。如是，邠耨！菩薩摩訶薩於無縛無脫六波羅蜜中住無縛無脫薩云若，於無縛無脫育養眾生，無著無縛無脫淨佛國土，無著無縛無脫見諸世尊，以無縛無脫聞法終不離，無縛無脫諸佛世尊終不離，無縛無脫諸神通終不離，無縛無脫五眼終不離，無縛無脫轉無縛無脫法輪，無縛無脫安立眾生於三乘。如是，邠耨！菩薩摩訶薩於無縛無脫六波羅蜜，於諸法得逮覺，無際寂靜無所生故。邠耨！當知是為菩薩摩訶薩無縛無脫之僧那僧涅。」

## 放光般若波羅蜜經卷第三