---
title: "人天眼目 · 五位君臣"
description: "人天眼目是宋代僧人智昭编集的一部重要佛教典籍，成书于南宋时期。该书系统整理了禅宗五家（临济、曹洞、沩仰、云门、法眼）的宗风纲要、祖师语录和修行要诀，是研究宋代禅宗思想的重要文献。智昭以简明扼要的方式呈现各派禅法特色，包括公案、颂古、评唱等内容，为后世学人提供了清晰的禅宗传承脉络。作为禅宗典籍中的经典之作，人天眼目不仅保存了珍贵的禅宗史料，更成为理解中国禅宗发展演变的关键文本，在佛教史上具有承前启后的重要地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcznolug1siljj04zymtnhtq"
---

### 五位君臣

> Five Ranks of Master and Disciple

僧問曹山五位君臣旨訣。山云。正位即屬空界。本來無物。偏位即色界。有萬形像。偏中正者。舍事入理。正中來者。背埋就事。兼帶者。冥應眾緣。不隨諸有。非染非淨。非正非偏。故曰虛玄大道無著真宗。從上先德。推此一位。最妙最玄。要當詳審辨明。君為正位。臣為偏位。臣向君是偏中正。君視臣是正中偏。君臣道合。是兼帶語。時有僧出問。如何是君。云妙德尊寰宇。高明朗太虛。如何是臣。云靈機弘聖道。真智利群生。如何是臣向君。云不墮諸異趣。凝情望聖容。如何是君視臣。云妙容雖不動。光燭本無偏。如何是君臣道合。云混然無內外。和融上下平。又曰。以君臣偏正言者。不欲犯中。故臣稱君不敢斥言是也。此吾法之宗要也。因作偈曰。學者先須識自宗。莫將真際雜頑空。妙明體盡知傷觸。力在逢緣不借中。出語直教燒不著。潛行須與古人同。無身有事超岐路。無事無身落始終。

> A monk asked Caoshan about the essential meaning of the Five Ranks of Sovereign and Minister. Caoshan said: "The true position belongs to the realm of emptiness, originally without any thing. The partial position is the realm of form, with all shapes and appearances. 'The partial within the true' means leaving phenomena to enter principle. 'Coming from within the true' means turning away from principle to engage with phenomena. 'The integrated' mysteriously responds to all conditions, not following any particular existence—neither defiled nor pure, neither true nor partial. Therefore it is called 'the vast and mysterious great way, the true essence free from attachment.' The virtuous ancestors regarded this rank as the most subtle and profound. One must carefully discern and clarify it. "The sovereign represents the true position; the minister represents the partial position. 'The minister facing the sovereign' is the partial within the true. 'The sovereign regarding the minister' is the true within the partial. 'Sovereign and minister in harmony' is the integrated expression." At that time, a monk came forward and asked: "What is the sovereign?" He said: "Subtle virtue honors the universe; luminous wisdom illuminates the great void." "What is the minister?" He said: "Spiritual capacity expands the sacred way; true wisdom benefits all beings." "What is 'the minister facing the sovereign'?" He said: "Not falling into various mistaken paths, with focused mind gazing upon the sage's countenance." "What is 'the sovereign regarding the minister'?" He said: "Though the wondrous form does not stir, its light shines without partiality." "What is 'sovereign and minister in harmony'?" He said: "Blended without inside or outside, harmoniously fused, above and below in balance." He also said: "Speaking in terms of sovereign and minister, true and partial, is to avoid violating the middle. Thus, the minister addresses the sovereign not daring to speak directly—this is the essence of our teaching." Thereupon he composed a verse: Students must first recognize their own essence; Do not mix the true reality with inert emptiness. When the wondrous luminous substance is fully known, beware of harming it; Strength lies in meeting conditions without borrowing. Let your words be such that fire cannot burn them; In hidden practice, you must be one with the ancients. Without body, with affairs—transcending the forked road; Without affairs, without body—falling into beginning and end.