---
title: "人天眼目 · 正命食"
description: "人天眼目是宋代僧人智昭编集的一部重要佛教典籍，成书于南宋时期。该书系统整理了禅宗五家（临济、曹洞、沩仰、云门、法眼）的宗风纲要、祖师语录和修行要诀，是研究宋代禅宗思想的重要文献。智昭以简明扼要的方式呈现各派禅法特色，包括公案、颂古、评唱等内容，为后世学人提供了清晰的禅宗传承脉络。作为禅宗典籍中的经典之作，人天眼目不仅保存了珍贵的禅宗史料，更成为理解中国禅宗发展演变的关键文本，在佛教史上具有承前启后的重要地位。"
url: "https://rushiwowen.co/en/r/cmcznolug1sjjjj04kn7976eo"
---

### 正命食新添

> Right Livelihood Food<note>Newly added</note>

寂音曰。瑜伽師地論曰。死有三種。謂壽盡故。福盡故。不避不平等故。當知亦是時非時死。或由善心或不善心或無記心。云何壽盡死。猶如有一隨感。壽量滿盡故死。此名時死。云何福盡故死。猶如有一資具缺故死。云何不避不平等故死。如世尊說九因九緣。未盡壽量而死。何等為九。謂食無度量。食時不宜。不消復食。生而不吐。熟而持之。不近醫藥。不知於己。若損若益。非時非量。行非梵行。此名非時死。予以是觀之。乃知時而食。即不枉死名正命食。黃檗曰。今時纔出眾來者。只欲多知多解。廣求文義。喚作修行。不知多知多解翻成壅塞。惟多與兒乳酪。消與不消。都總不知。三乘學道人皆此樣。盡名食不消。食不消者。所謂知解不消。皆為毒藥。盡去生滅邊收。真如之中。無此事故。以此知。曹山貴正命食立三墮。

> The silent voice said: The \*Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra\* states: There are three kinds of death: death due to the exhaustion of lifespan, death due to the exhaustion of merit, and death due to failing to avoid what is harmful. It should be understood that these are also timely and untimely deaths, occurring either with a wholesome mind, an unwholesome mind, or a neutral mind. What is death due to the exhaustion of lifespan? It is like when someone's allotted lifespan is completely exhausted, and they die. This is called timely death. What is death due to the exhaustion of merit? It is like when someone dies due to a lack of necessities. What is death due to failing to avoid what is harmful? As the World-Honored One taught, there are nine causes and conditions for dying before one's lifespan is exhausted. What are the nine? They are: eating without moderation, eating at improper times, eating again before the previous food is digested, not vomiting what should be expelled, holding onto what is ripe and ready to be released, not seeking medical treatment, not knowing what is harmful or beneficial to oneself, engaging in improper sexual conduct at the wrong time or to an excessive degree. This is called untimely death. From this we can see that eating at the proper time means not dying a meaningless death; it is called eating with right livelihood. Huangbo said: Nowadays, those who come forth from the crowd only desire extensive knowledge and understanding, seeking broadly for literary meanings and calling this practice. They do not realize that extensive knowledge and understanding instead become obstructions. It is just like giving a child too much milk and cheese, without knowing whether it can digest it or not. Practitioners of the Three Vehicles are all like this. They are all called those who cannot digest their food. "Cannot digest their food" means that their knowledge and understanding are not assimilated; they all become poison. They are all gathered at the edge of birth and death. Within true suchness, there are no such things. From this we understand why Caoshan valued eating with right livelihood and established the three kinds of falling.