大集經賢護分不共功德品第十四
Chapter 14: Unshared Merits
爾時，世尊復告賢護菩薩摩訶薩言：「賢護！彼諸菩薩摩訶薩復當成就十八不共法。何等名為不共法也？所謂如來初成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提乃至般涅槃，於其中間如來所有三業智慧為首，一切身業隨智慧行、一切口業隨智慧行、一切意業隨智慧行；又，諸如來知見過去無有障礙、知見未來無有障礙、知見現在無有障礙；又，諸如來所為無有錯誤、言無漏失、意無忘念、無別異想、常在三昧、無不知已捨；又，諸如來意欲無減、精進無減、禪定無減、智慧無減、解脫無減、解脫知見無減。賢護！是為如來十八不共法，彼菩薩摩訶薩當應修習、具足成滿。
At that time, the World-Honored One again addressed the Bodhisattva-Mahāsattva Xianhu, saying: "Xianhu! Those Bodhisattva-Mahāsattvas should also accomplish the eighteen unique qualities of a Buddha. What are these unique qualities? They are: From the moment the Tathāgata first attains Supreme Perfect Enlightenment until his final entry into Nirvana, throughout this entire period, the Tathāgata's three kinds of actions are all led by wisdom—every action of body follows wisdom, every action of speech follows wisdom, and every action of mind follows wisdom. Furthermore, the Tathāgata's knowledge and vision of the past is unobstructed, his knowledge and vision of the future is unobstructed, and his knowledge and vision of the present is unobstructed. Moreover, the Tathāgata's deeds are free from error, his words free from fault, his mind free from forgetfulness, free from discriminating thoughts, always abiding in meditation, and never letting go of anything without full awareness. Additionally, the Tathāgata's intention never diminishes, his diligence never diminishes, his meditation never diminishes, his wisdom never diminishes, his liberation never diminishes, and his knowledge and vision of liberation never diminishes. Xianhu! These are the eighteen unique qualities of the Tathāgata. Those Bodhisattva-Mahāsattvas should cultivate and perfectly fulfill them."
「復次，賢護！若菩薩摩訶薩成就具足甚深難見、攝受正法、即欲宣說是三昧者，應當更受十種勝法。何等為十？所謂如來十力。云何十力？賢護！是中如來是處非處力者，如來於諸處非處事，能以正智如實知故。賢護！如是，處非處事，如來能以正智如實知者，此則如來處非處力。如來得此力已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若有沙門、婆羅門，若天、若梵、若魔、若人，一切世間終無有能如是轉者。賢護！是為如來第一智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Furthermore, worthy ones, if a bodhisattva-mahasattva wishes to master the profound and difficult-to-see true Dharma and proclaim this samadhi, he should further cultivate ten supreme qualities. What are these ten? They are the ten powers of the Tathagata. What are these ten powers? Worthy ones, the Tathagata's first power is the power of knowing what is and is not possible. With right wisdom, he truly understands all matters of what is possible and impossible. Worthy ones, this is how the Tathagata, through right wisdom, truly knows what is and is not possible—this constitutes his power of knowing the possible and impossible. Having attained this power and knowing the true nature of reality, he roars like a lion in the assembly and turns the great Brahma wheel—which had never before been turned. No one among all beings—whether ascetics, brahmins, gods, heavenly beings, maras, or humans—can ever turn it in such a way. Worthy ones, this is the Tathagata's first power of wisdom, which a bodhisattva-mahasattva should cultivate, practice, and perfectly fulfill."
「復次，賢護！是中如來一切至處道力者，如來於一切處道差別，皆以正智如實知故。賢護！如是，一切至處道事如來能以正智如實知者，此則如來至處道力也。如來得此力已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若諸世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能如是轉者。賢護！是為如來第二智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Moreover, Bhikshu, the Tathagata's power of the Path to Cessation refers to how the Tathagata, through true wisdom, fully understands the distinctions among all paths leading to cessation. Bhikshu, in this way, the Tathagata's ability to know with true wisdom all matters concerning the paths to cessation constitutes his power of the Path to Cessation. Having attained this power and knowing the true reality, he roars like a lion amidst the assembly and turns the great Brahma wheel that has never been turned before—no one among the worldly ascetics, Brahmins, gods, Brahma, demons, or humans could ever turn it thus. Bhikshu, this is the Tathagata's second power of wisdom, which great Bodhisattvas should study, cultivate, and perfect."
「復次，賢護！是中如來世間種種界力者，如來於世間種種諸界無量差別，能以正智如實知故。賢護！如是，世間種種界事如來皆以正智如實知者，此則如來世間界力也。如來得此力已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若諸世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能如斯轉者。賢護！是為如來第三智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Moreover, Xianhu! The Tathagata's power over the myriad realms of the world lies in His perfectly knowing, through true wisdom, the countless distinctions among all worldly realms. Xianhu! This is how the Tathagata, with true wisdom, fully comprehends the various states of existence in the world — this constitutes His power over the realms of the world. Having attained this power, He perceives the true nature of reality and, in the midst of the assembly, roars the lion's roar and turns the great Brahma wheel — which had never been turned before. Among all the wandering ascetics, Brahmins, gods, Brahmas, demons, or humans in the world, no one could ever turn it thus. Xianhu! This is the Tathagata's third strength of wisdom, which great bodhisattvas should study, cultivate, and perfectly fulfill."
「復次，賢護！是中如來心行力者，如來於諸眾生種種心行無量差別，皆以正智如實知故。賢護！如是，眾生種種心行無量差別如來能以正智如實知者，此則如來知心行力也。如來得此力已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若諸世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能如是轉者。賢護！是為如來第四智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
Then again, Shariputra, concerning the Tathagata's power of knowing the various minds and actions of beings—the Tathagata understands, through perfect wisdom, the immeasurable distinctions in the mental activities and behaviors of all sentient beings. Shariputra, this is the Tathagata's power of knowing minds and actions. Having attained this power, the Tathagata perceives the true reality and, in the midst of the assembly, roars the lion's roar and turns the great Brahma wheel—which had never been turned before—that no ascetic, Brahmin, god, Brahma, Mara, or any being in the world can ever turn in return. Shariputra, this is the Tathagata's fourth power of wisdom. The great bodhisattva should cultivate and perfectly accomplish it.
「復次，賢護！如來知眾生諸根差別力者，如來於眾生諸根種種差別皆以正智如實知故。賢護！如是，眾生諸根種種差別如來皆以正智如實知者，是則如來諸根差別力也。如來得此力已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若諸世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能如是轉者。賢護！是為如來第五智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Furthermore, Xianhu, the Tathagata possesses the power of knowing the differences in beings' faculties. All the various differences in beings' faculties, the Tathagata knows them as they truly are through right wisdom. Xianhu, in this way, the Tathagata truly understands all the diverse faculties of beings—this is the Tathagata's power of knowing differences in faculties. Having attained this power and knowing the ultimate truth, he roars the lion's roar among the assembly and turns the great Brahma wheel—a wheel never turned before. No one in the world—whether ascetics, Brahmins, gods, Brahmas, Maras, or humans—can ever turn it in like manner. Xianhu, this is the Tathagata's fifth power of wisdom. Great Bodhisattvas should cultivate, master, and perfectly fulfill it."
「復次，賢護！是中如來禪定力者，如來於一切禪定解脫、三昧生起煩惱及以滅除，斯以正智如實知故。賢護！如是，一切禪定解脫、三摩跋提生起煩惱乃至清淨，如來皆以正智如實知者，是則如來禪定力也。如來得已知真正處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——先所未轉——若彼世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能如是轉者。賢護！是為如來第六智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Moreover, Xianhu, regarding the power of the Tathagata's meditative concentration—the Tathagata truly understands, through right wisdom, the arising and cessation of afflictions within all meditative absorptions, liberations, and states of concentration. Xianhu, in this way, the Tathagata, through right wisdom, truly knows all meditative absorptions, liberations, and states of meditative attainment, including the arising of afflictions and their purification. This is the power of the Tathagata's meditative concentration. Having realized this, the Tathagata dwells in the true state and roars the lion's roar in the assembly, turning the great Brahma wheel that had never before been turned—no ascetic, Brahmin, god, Brahma, Mara, or human in the world could ever turn it thus. Xianhu, this is the Tathagata's sixth power of wisdom, which great bodhisattvas should cultivate, master, and perfect."
「復次，賢護！如來業力者，如來於彼一切諸業種種差別，及彼未來和合得報亦無量差別，如來斯以正智如實知故。賢護！如是諸業種種差別、未來得果亦復差別，如來皆以正智如實知者，斯則如來知業力也。如來得已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——先所未轉——若彼世間若沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能如斯轉者。賢護！是為如來第七業力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Furthermore, Sariputra, the Tathagata's power of karma is such that he truly understands, through perfect wisdom, all the various distinctions among all actions and the countless differences in their future results that arise from combination. Sariputra, all these actions have distinctions, and their future results likewise have distinctions—all of which the Tathagata knows truly through perfect wisdom. This is the Tathagata's power of understanding karma. Having truly realized this, he roars like a lion in the assembly and turns the great Brahma wheel—which had never been turned before—in a way that no one in the world, whether ascetic, brahmin, deva, Brahma, Mara, or human, could ever turn. Sariputra, this is the Tathagata's seventh power of karma, which great bodhisattvas should study and perfect."
「復次，賢護！如來天眼力者，如來常以清淨天眼過於人眼見彼未來諸眾生輩死此生彼，其所受身或美、或醜、或善、或惡，所得諸色或好、或惡、或妙、或麁，或生善道、或生惡趣，又見眾生所作諸業或善、或惡。有諸眾生具身惡業、具口惡業、具意惡業、訶罵聖人、誹謗正法、壞和合僧，具足如是諸惡業故，身壞命終生於惡道；又，諸眾生具身善業、具口善業、具意善業、恭敬聖人、尊重正法、供養眾僧，具行如是諸善業故，命終得生人天善趣；如是等事皆如實知。賢護！如來以淨天眼見諸眾生死此生彼，乃至命終生於天上，是則如來生死智力。得是力已知真實處，於大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若彼世間若沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能若斯轉者。賢護！是為如來第八智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Furthermore, Xianhu! As for the Tathagata's power of the divine eye, the Tathagata constantly uses his pure divine eye, which surpasses the human eye, to see sentient beings of the future passing away from here and being reborn there. The bodies they receive may be beautiful or ugly, good or bad; the forms they obtain may be fine or coarse, desirable or undesirable; they may be born in fortunate realms or unfortunate realms. He also sees the karma that sentient beings perform, whether good or bad. Some sentient beings are endowed with bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, and mental misconduct; they revile sages, slander the true Dharma, and disrupt the harmonious Sangha. Because they are fully endowed with such evil karma, when their bodies perish and their lives end, they are born in unfortunate realms. Furthermore, some sentient beings are endowed with good bodily actions, good verbal actions, and good mental actions; they revere sages, respect the true Dharma, and make offerings to the Sangha. Because they fully practice such virtuous karma, at the end of their lives they are born in the fortunate realms of humans and devas. All such matters are known by the Tathagata as they truly are.
Xianhu! With his pure divine eye, the Tathagata sees all sentient beings passing away from here and being reborn there, even up to their rebirth in the heavens at the end of life. This is the Tathagata's power of knowledge regarding birth and death. Having attained this power, he knows the true nature of reality. In the great assembly, he roars the lion's roar and turns the great Brahma wheel—which had never been turned before—and among the world's ascetics, Brahmins, devas, Brahmas, maras, or humans, no one can ever turn it in return. Xianhu! This is the Tathagata's eighth power of knowledge. Great bodhisattvas should study and fully perfect it."
「復次，賢護！如來宿命智力者，如來能以諸宿命智知於過去諸宿命事，所謂眾生生此死彼，或於一處初受一生，或二、或三、或五、或十、或百、或千，乃至或受無量百生、無量千生、無量百千生，如是，乃至無量轉劫、無量定劫、無量轉不轉劫等皆如實知。又，於彼所生趣如是處、如是家、如是種姓、如是名字、如是相貌、如是生中、如是服食、如是所作、如是善惡、如是憂喜、如是苦樂，乃至若干壽命等亦如實知。又，於某處捨彼身已復生某處、如是身相、如是所說、如是所經，乃至壽命諸過去事皆悉知故。賢護！如來能以種種無量諸宿命智知彼眾生宿命所經，始自一生及無量生，乃至壽命諸過去事如實知者，是則如來宿命智力也。得是力已，處大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若彼世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能若斯轉者。賢護！是為如來第九智力，菩薩摩訶薩應當修學、具足成滿。
"Moreover, Careful One! The Tathāgata's power of knowledge of past lives is this: With his wisdom of past lives, he knows all past existences—how beings die here and are born there, or first receive one birth in a single place, or two, three, five, ten, a hundred, a thousand, or even countless hundreds of births, countless thousands of births, countless hundreds of thousands of births. Likewise, he truly knows countless eons of transition, countless eons of stability, and countless eons both of transition and stability.
He also truly knows, for each of those births, such details as: the realm of rebirth, the location, the family, the clan, the name, the appearance, the kind of life lived, the food and clothing, the deeds performed, the good and evil actions, the joys and sorrows, the pleasures and pains, and even the length of life.
Further, when someone abandons their body in one place and is reborn in another, he knows all such past events—their bodily form, what they said, what they experienced, and their lifespan. All these things he knows completely.
Careful One! The Tathāgata, through his countless and various powers of past-life knowledge, truly knows what beings have experienced through their past lives—from a single life to countless lives, including all details of their lifespans. This is called the Tathāgata's power of knowledge of past lives.
Having attained this power, he roars the lion's roar amidst the assembly and turns the great Brahma wheel—which had never been turned before. Among the world's ascetics, Brahmins, gods, celestial beings, māras, or humans, no one can ever turn it as he does.
Careful One! This is the Tathāgata's ninth power. A great bodhisattva should cultivate, learn, and perfect it fully."
「復次，賢護！如來漏盡力者，如來能盡一切諸有，無復諸漏。心慧解脫自覺法已，是故唱言：『我生已盡，梵行已立，所作已辦，不受後有。』賢護！如來如是能盡諸漏，心慧明脫自證知故，故言：『我生已盡，乃至不受後有。』如實知者，是則如來漏盡智力也。如來得已，處大眾中作師子吼、轉大梵輪——昔所未轉——若彼世間沙門、婆羅門、若天、若梵、若魔、若人，終無有能若斯轉者。賢護！是為如來第十智力，菩薩摩訶薩當應修學、具足成滿。
Furthermore, O Xianhu! The Tathagata's power of the exhaustion of defilements means that the Tathagata can completely end all forms of existence, leaving no trace of defilements. Having attained liberation of mind and liberation through wisdom, and having personally realized the Dharma, he declares: "My birth is ended, the holy life has been established, what had to be done has been done, and there is no further existence to come." Xianhu! The Tathagata, in this way, is able to exhaust all defilements because he has personally realized and known the clear liberation of mind and wisdom. Therefore, he declares: "My birth is ended, up to and including, there is no further existence to come." Knowing this as it truly is—this is the Tathagata's power of the exhaustion of defilements. Having attained this, he sits in the midst of the great assembly, roars the lion's roar, and turns the great Brahma wheel—which had never been turned before. Among the ascetics, Brahmins, devas, Brahma beings, Maras, or humans in the world, there is none who can turn it in such a way. Xianhu! This is the Tathagata's tenth power. The great bodhisattva-mahasattvas should study and cultivate this, and fulfill it completely.
「賢護！若諸菩薩摩訶薩讀誦、受持、思惟、修習是三昧者，則能攝受如來十力也。」
"Excellent Keepers of the Faith! If great Bodhisattvas read, recite, uphold, contemplate, and cultivate this samadhi, they will surely embrace the ten powers of the Thus-Gone One."
爾時，世尊為重明此義，以偈頌曰：
At that time, the World-Honored One, wishing to clarify this meaning once more, spoke these verses:
「十八不共等覺法、 十力明智諸佛同，
菩薩修習此妙禪， 自然成就斯二種。」
"The eighteen unique qualities and equal enlightenment's Dharma, The ten powers and wisdom—shared by all Buddhas alike, A Bodhisattva who cultivates this wondrous meditation Naturally accomplishes both of these kinds."