受十善戒經
Sutra on Receiving the Ten Wholesome Precepts
後漢失譯人名
十惡業品第一
Chapter 1: The Ten Evil Deeds
如是我聞：
Thus have I heard:
一時佛在舍衛國祇陀林須達長者美稱夫人精舍中，與大比丘眾一千二百五十人俱。爾時世尊以慈梵音告舍利弗：「今為汝等說除十惡不善業報。諦聽，諦受！一心憶持，慎莫忘失！
At one time, the Buddha was staying in the Jeta Grove in the kingdom of Shravasti, in the splendid dwelling of the elder Sudatta and his virtuous wife, together with a great assembly of twelve hundred fifty monks. At that time, the World-Honored One, with a compassionate and noble voice, addressed Shariputra: "Now I will explain to you the karmic retributions that come from abandoning the ten unwholesome deeds. Listen carefully, receive it well! Hold it in your mind with single-minded focus, and be careful never to forget it."
「十惡業者：一，殺生業；二，偷盜業；三，婬欲業；四，妄語業；五，兩舌業；六，惡口業；七，綺語業；八，貪欲業；九，瞋恚業；十，愚癡業。舍利弗！汝今應當普教眾生，清淨身業、清淨口業、清淨意業，五體投地，歸依和上，誠心懺悔此三惡業；如是三說。既懺悔已，身業清淨、口業清淨、意業清淨，次第應當自稱其名，歸依於佛，歸依於法，歸依於僧；如是三說。歸依佛竟，歸依法竟，歸依僧竟；如是三說。復應問言：『善男子、善女人！汝能持不？』若言能持，復應問言：『汝今身心無過患耶？身過患者，出佛身血，殺阿羅漢，破和合僧，誹謗斷善，逆佛正法不？』若言不者，復當問言：『汝心中念欲作五逆謗正法不？汝曾偷盜佛物、法物、賢聖僧物、現在僧物、招提僧物不？於母、姊、妹、比丘尼邊作不淨不？』若言不者，復當更教：『汝今如是身心清淨，大德憶念，我今欲受十善業戒，十不善業我已懺悔，唯願大德，慈愍我故聽我受持！』爾時應教：『優婆塞某甲，優婆夷某甲，汝今應當一心數息，繫念在前，過去七佛、現在釋迦牟尼尊佛，及彌勒等未來諸佛。』
The ten unwholesome deeds are: first, taking life; second, stealing; third, sexual misconduct; fourth, lying; fifth, divisive speech; sixth, harsh speech; seventh, idle chatter; eighth, greed; ninth, anger; tenth, ignorance.
Shariputra, you should now teach all beings to purify their actions of body, speech, and mind. Prostrate yourself with complete sincerity, take refuge in your teacher, and sincerely confess these three unwholesome deeds. Repeat this three times.
After confessing, when your bodily actions, speech, and mind are purified, you should in turn speak your own name and take refuge in the Buddha, take refuge in the Dharma, and take refuge in the Sangha. Repeat this three times.
Then say: "I have taken refuge in the Buddha, I have taken refuge in the Dharma, I have taken refuge in the Sangha." Repeat this three times.
Then you should ask: "Good man or good woman, can you uphold these precepts?" If they say they can, you should then ask: "Do you currently have any faults in body or mind? By faults of body, I mean: causing the Buddha to bleed, killing an arhat, creating schisms in the Sangha, slandering the Dharma and cutting off goodness, or opposing the Buddha's true teaching — have you done any of these?"
If they say no, you should then ask: "Do you harbor thoughts of committing the five grave offenses or slandering the true Dharma? Have you ever stolen offerings meant for the Buddha, the Dharma, the noble Sangha, the present Sangha, or the monastery? Have you committed impure acts with your mother, sisters, or nuns?"
If they say no, you should then instruct them further: "Now that you are pure in body and mind, may the great teacher remember that I now wish to receive the precepts of the ten wholesome deeds. I have already confessed the ten unwholesome deeds. I only ask that the great teacher, out of compassion for me, permit me to receive and uphold them."
At that time, you should teach them: "Layman [name], laywoman [name], you should now focus your mind on counting your breaths, keeping your attention fixed before you, on the seven Buddhas of the past, the present Buddha Shakyamuni, and future Buddhas such as Maitreya."
「教念佛已，應作是言：『七佛僧聽，釋迦牟尼諸佛僧聽，須陀洹、斯陀含、阿那含、阿羅漢賢聖僧聽，某甲優婆塞，某甲優婆夷，身、口、意淨，堪為法器。今欲乞受十善心戒及八戒法。』如是三白，然後教言：『我歸依於佛，歸依於法，歸依於僧。』如是三說。『弟子某甲，歸依佛竟，歸依法竟，歸依僧竟。』如是三說。『某甲憶念，堅持汝身，持身如佛，持身如法，持身如僧，身三業者，一、不殺生，二、不偷盜，三、不婬欲，如是身三汝當受持，一日十日乃至終身。』若言能持，復當問言：『汝今欲作少分善不？多分善不？滿分善不？』
After teaching them to recite the Buddha's name, you should say this: "All Buddhas of the seven ages, hear me. All Buddhas like Shakyamuni, hear me. All noble disciples—Stream-Enterers, Once-Returners, Non-Returners, and Arhats—hear me. This lay man, this lay woman, has purified their body, speech, and mind, and is worthy to receive the Dharma. Now they wish to request the Ten Good Precepts of the mind and the Eight Precepts." Repeat this request three times. Then teach them to say: "I take refuge in the Buddha, I take refuge in the Dharma, I take refuge in the Sangha." Say this three times. Then: "Your disciple, [name], has taken refuge in the Buddha, taken refuge in the Dharma, and taken refuge in the Sangha." Say this three times. Then: "[Name], remember and uphold these precepts firmly. Uphold your body as the Buddha does, uphold your body as the Dharma does, uphold your body as the Sangha does. The three bodily actions are: first, do not kill; second, do not steal; third, do not commit sexual misconduct. These three bodily precepts you should accept and uphold, whether for one day, ten days, or for the rest of your life." If they say they can uphold them, then ask: "Do you wish to do partial good, greater good, or complete good?"
「若言能者，復當白言：『事實如是，當隨師教。弟子某甲，歸依於佛，歸依於法，歸依於僧。』如是三說。『歸依佛竟，歸依法竟，歸依僧竟。』如是三說。『某甲憶念，堅持汝口，持口如佛，持口如法，持口如僧。口四業者：一、不妄語，二、不兩舌，三、不惡口，四、不綺語。如是口四，汝當受持，一日十日乃至終身。』若言能持，復當問言：『汝今欲作少分善不？多分善不？滿分善不？』
If one can do so, then you should further tell them: "This is truly the way things are. You should follow the teacher's instructions. Disciple [name], I take refuge in the Buddha, I take refuge in the Dharma, I take refuge in the Sangha." Say this three times. "I have taken refuge in the Buddha, I have taken refuge in the Dharma, I have taken refuge in the Sangha." Say this three times. "[Name], remember this, guard your words carefully, keep your speech like the Buddha, keep your speech like the Dharma, keep your speech like the Sangha. There are four verbal actions: first, no lying; second, no divisive speech; third, no harsh words; fourth, no idle chatter. These four verbal actions, you should uphold them—for one day, ten days, or even for the rest of your life." If one says, "I can uphold them," then you should further ask: "Do you now wish to do a small portion of good? A larger portion of good? Or a complete portion of good?"
「若言能者，復當白言：『事實如是，當隨師教。弟子某甲，歸依於佛，歸依於法，歸依於僧。』如是三說。『歸依佛竟，歸依法竟，歸依僧竟。』如是三說。『某甲憶念，堅持汝心，持心如佛，持心如法，持心如僧。意三業者：一者、貪欲，二者、瞋恚，三者、愚癡。如是意三汝當受持，一日十日乃至終身。』若言能持，復當問言：『汝今欲作少分善不？多分善不？滿分善不？』
"If you are able to uphold these precepts, then you should say: 'This is indeed the truth, and I will follow the teacher's guidance. Your disciple, [name], takes refuge in the Buddha, takes refuge in the Dharma, and takes refuge in the Sangha.' Say this three times. 'I have taken refuge in the Buddha, I have taken refuge in the Dharma, I have taken refuge in the Sangha.' Say this three times as well. '[Name], remember this and hold firm in your heart. Keep your mind like the Buddha, keep your mind like the Dharma, and keep your mind like the Sangha. As for the three mental actions: first, greed; second, anger; third, ignorance. You should uphold these three mental actions, whether for one day, ten days, or for life.' If you say you can uphold them, then you should be asked: 'Do you now wish to do a small portion of good, a great portion of good, or a full portion of good?'"
「若言能者，復當白言：『事實如是，當隨師教。若受十善，不持八戒，終不成就；若毀八戒，十善俱滅。弟子某甲，從今清旦至明清旦，大德憶念，大德當為我作和上，八戒法者，應當至心堅持八戒。歸依於佛，持心如佛；歸依於法，持心如法；歸依於僧，持心如僧。』如是三說。『歸依佛竟，歸依法竟，歸依僧竟。』如是三說。『大德憶念，從今清旦至明清旦欲受八戒，唯願大德慈愍聽許！』復應告言：『汝能受持八戒齋不？』若言能者，『汝當持心，心如諸佛及阿羅漢。』若言能者，復當告言：『汝從前際至于今際，於其中間，若身、口、意犯捨墮法不？如此之罪乃至根本最大重罪，今於三世諸佛、阿羅漢前、和上僧前，至誠發露，五體投地，懺悔諸罪，是名行布薩法。既布薩已，名清淨住，堪為法器。次當受持如來八戒。汝能持不？』如是三問。八戒齋者，是過去、現在、諸佛、如來，為在家人制出家法：一者，不殺；二者，不盜；三者，不婬；四者，不妄語；五者，不飲酒；六者，不坐高廣大床；七者，不作倡伎樂故往觀聽，不著香熏衣；八者，不過中食。應如是受持。
If you say you can, then you should also say this: "What is true is thus. I will follow the teacher's instructions. If one receives the Ten Good Deeds but does not uphold the Eight Precepts, they will never achieve accomplishment; if one breaks the Eight Precepts, all Ten Good Deeds are destroyed. This disciple, [name], from this morning until tomorrow morning, may the teacher remember—may the teacher act as my preceptor. For the Eight Precepts, one should sincerely uphold them with utmost focus. Take refuge in the Buddha, holding the mind like the Buddha; take refuge in the Dharma, holding the mind like the Dharma; take refuge in the Sangha, holding the mind like the Sangha." Thus say it three times. "I have taken refuge in the Buddha, I have taken refuge in the Dharma, I have taken refuge in the Sangha." Thus say it three times. "May the teacher remember, from this morning until tomorrow morning, I wish to receive the Eight Precepts. I only ask that the teacher, out of compassion, grant permission!" Then you should tell them: "Can you uphold the Eight Precepts' fasting practice?" If you say you can, then "You should hold your mind, making it like that of the Buddhas and Arhats." If you say you can, then you should tell them: "From your earliest past up to this present moment, in between, have you, through body, speech, or mind, committed offenses that lead to forfeiture? Such offenses, even down to the most fundamental and gravest misdeeds, now before the Buddhas of the three times, the Arhats, and the Sangha preceptor, you confess with full sincerity, prostrating with all five limbs touching the ground, repenting of all offenses—this is called practicing the Posadha rite. Once the Posadha has been performed, you are called one who dwells in purity, worthy of being a vessel of the Dharma. Next, you should uphold the Tathagata's Eight Precepts. Can you uphold them?" Ask this three times. The Eight Precepts' fasting practice is the renunciant path that the Buddhas and Tathagatas of the past and present have established for laypeople: first, not killing; second, not stealing; third, not engaging in sexual misconduct; fourth, not lying; fifth, not drinking alcohol; sixth, not sitting or lying on high or large beds; seventh, not going to watch performances or entertainment, and not wearing fragrant perfumes or adornments; eighth, not eating after noon. Thus should you uphold them.
「不殺亦不盜， 不婬不妄語，
遠酒避花香， 高床過中食。
聖人皆遠離， 如是等八法，
汝等應受持。
Refrain from killing and stealing, From sexual misconduct and false speech. Avoid alcohol and fragrant adornments, And sleep on high beds; eat not after noon. These eight precepts, which the wise all keep, Should be embraced and upheld by you.
「持此受齋功德，不墮地獄，不墮餓鬼，不墮畜生，不墮阿修羅，常生人中，正見出家，得涅槃道。若生天上，恒生梵天，值佛出世，請轉法輪，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。」
"By upholding the merit of this precept observance, one will not fall into hell, nor into the realm of hungry ghosts, nor into the animal realm, nor into the realm of asuras. One will always be reborn among humans, with right view, renounce the household life, and attain the path of nirvana. If born in the heavenly realms, one will always be born in the Brahma heavens, encounter a Buddha appearing in the world, request the turning of the Dharma wheel, and attain anuttara samyak sambodhi."
爾時世尊為讚歎此法，而作頌曰：
At that time, the World-Honored One, praising this teaching, spoke these verses:
「若能行十善， 隨順正法教，
生生常見佛， 身意悉開解，
永離諸苦縛， 疾成無上道。
若人持八戒， 隨律順毘尼，
如諸佛正法， 受持不毀犯，
當知身與意， 俱時得解脫。
此名涅槃路， 諸佛之所行。」
"Those who practice the Ten Good Deeds, And follow the true Dharma's lead, Will see the Buddha in every life, With body and mind fully released.
They break free from all suffering's chains, And swiftly reach the supreme path.
Those who keep the Eight Precepts, Following the rules and Vinaya's way, Like the Buddhas' true teachings, Holding them without breach, Know that body and mind Will both attain liberation at once.
This is called the path to Nirvana, The way walked by all Buddhas."
說是偈已，告舍利弗：「汝好受持十善、八戒，慎莫忘失，破滅法種，普為一切天、人廣說。」舍利弗白佛言：「如是，如是，當謹受持！」
After speaking these verses, the Buddha addressed Shariputra: "Uphold well the ten wholesome deeds and the eight precepts. Be careful not to forget or lose them, lest the seed of the Dharma be destroyed. Teach them widely for the benefit of all gods and humans." Shariputra replied to the Buddha: "So it is, so it is. I will respectfully uphold them."
時舍利弗及會聽者，聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。
Then Shariputra and the entire assembly, hearing what the Buddha had taught, rejoiced and put it into practice.